Dépouillements

Theorising autism / Damian EM MILTON in Autism, 28-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.795-797 Titre : Theorising autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Damian EM MILTON, Auteur ; Jonathan GREEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.795-797 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241235786 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525 [article] Theorising autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Damian EM MILTON, Auteur ; Jonathan GREEN, Auteur . - p.795-797. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.795-797 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241235786 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525

Time to level up: A systematic review of interventions aiming to reduce stigma toward autistic people / So Yoon KIM in Autism, 28-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.798-815 Titre : Time to level up: A systematic review of interventions aiming to reduce stigma toward autistic people Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : So Yoon KIM, Auteur ; Da-Yea SONG, Auteur ; Kristen BOTTEMA-BEUTEL, Auteur ; Kristen GILLESPIE-LYNCH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.798-815 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism,educational psychology,intervention,risk of bias,stigma,systematic review,training Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This systematic review examined 26 studies that implemented interventions to reduce stigma toward autistic people; the intervention recipients were primarily non-autistic people. Participants in the included studies were primarily White K-12 or undergraduate students. Most studies utilized one-time video or computer-based instruction, and more recent interventions tended to utilize online platforms. Studies varied in several respects: whether an autistic person was involved in the development and/or delivery of interventions, the intervention content, and the types and internal consistencies of the outcome variables. Risks of bias were prevalent. Masked outcome variables were used infrequently, and investigators were usually aware of group allocation. Among randomized controlled trials, the randomization processes were not sufficiently described, and non-randomized studies of interventions frequently did not account for confounding factors that could explain changes in stigma. Many non-randomized studies of interventions made unwarranted, causal claims about the intervention effectiveness on stigma reduction, and most studies did not sufficiently address limitations related to study design and risk of bias. The recommended areas of improvement include identifying active ingredients of interventions, measuring reliable changes in behaviors and attitudes, and targeting structural stigma. In addition, more robust procedures such as randomizing participants, using masked variables, and controlling baseline differences should be utilized. Lay abstract How non-autistic people think about autistic people impacts autistic people negatively. Many studies developed trainings to reduce autism stigma. The existing trainings vary a lot in terms of study design, content, and reported effectiveness. This means that a review studying how the studies have been conducted is needed. We also looked at the quality of these studies. We collected and studied 26 studies that tried to reduce stigma toward autistic people. The studies often targeted White K-12 students and college students. Most trainings were implemented once. Trainings frequently used video or computer. Especially, recent studies tended to use online platforms. The study quality was poor for most studies. Some studies made inaccurate claims about the intervention effectiveness. Studies did not sufficiently address study limitations. Future trainings should aim to figure out why and how interventions work. How intervention changes people?s behavior and thoughts should be studied. Researchers should study whether the training can change the societal stigma. Also, researchers should use a better study design. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231205915 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525 [article] Time to level up: A systematic review of interventions aiming to reduce stigma toward autistic people [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / So Yoon KIM, Auteur ; Da-Yea SONG, Auteur ; Kristen BOTTEMA-BEUTEL, Auteur ; Kristen GILLESPIE-LYNCH, Auteur . - p.798-815. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.798-815 Mots-clés : autism,educational psychology,intervention,risk of bias,stigma,systematic review,training Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This systematic review examined 26 studies that implemented interventions to reduce stigma toward autistic people; the intervention recipients were primarily non-autistic people. Participants in the included studies were primarily White K-12 or undergraduate students. Most studies utilized one-time video or computer-based instruction, and more recent interventions tended to utilize online platforms. Studies varied in several respects: whether an autistic person was involved in the development and/or delivery of interventions, the intervention content, and the types and internal consistencies of the outcome variables. Risks of bias were prevalent. Masked outcome variables were used infrequently, and investigators were usually aware of group allocation. Among randomized controlled trials, the randomization processes were not sufficiently described, and non-randomized studies of interventions frequently did not account for confounding factors that could explain changes in stigma. Many non-randomized studies of interventions made unwarranted, causal claims about the intervention effectiveness on stigma reduction, and most studies did not sufficiently address limitations related to study design and risk of bias. The recommended areas of improvement include identifying active ingredients of interventions, measuring reliable changes in behaviors and attitudes, and targeting structural stigma. In addition, more robust procedures such as randomizing participants, using masked variables, and controlling baseline differences should be utilized. Lay abstract How non-autistic people think about autistic people impacts autistic people negatively. Many studies developed trainings to reduce autism stigma. The existing trainings vary a lot in terms of study design, content, and reported effectiveness. This means that a review studying how the studies have been conducted is needed. We also looked at the quality of these studies. We collected and studied 26 studies that tried to reduce stigma toward autistic people. The studies often targeted White K-12 students and college students. Most trainings were implemented once. Trainings frequently used video or computer. Especially, recent studies tended to use online platforms. The study quality was poor for most studies. Some studies made inaccurate claims about the intervention effectiveness. Studies did not sufficiently address study limitations. Future trainings should aim to figure out why and how interventions work. How intervention changes people?s behavior and thoughts should be studied. Researchers should study whether the training can change the societal stigma. Also, researchers should use a better study design. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231205915 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525

Perspectives of autistic adolescent girls and women on the determinants of their mental health and social and emotional well-being: A systematic review and thematic synthesis of lived experience / Rachel AG O?CONNOR in Autism, 28-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.816-830 Titre : Perspectives of autistic adolescent girls and women on the determinants of their mental health and social and emotional well-being: A systematic review and thematic synthesis of lived experience Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rachel AG O?CONNOR, Auteur ; Mary DOHERTY, Auteur ; Theresa RYAN-ENRIGHT, Auteur ; Keith GAYNOR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.816-830 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism,female,mental health,neurodiversity,well-being Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic girls and women experience more mental health difficulties and poorer well-being than their non-autistic peers. Little emphasis has been placed on the perspectives of the girls and women within the literature. This review aims to provide an overview of the factors that impact autistic females' emotional and social well-being and mental health, as described in self-report qualitative studies. The protocol for the present review was pre-registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020184983), and this article follows Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PsycInfo, Academic Search Complete and MEDLINE were systematically searched using a pre-defined search string. This yielded 877 unique records, which were systematically screened by two reviewers, resulting in 52 eligible studies. Structured data extraction and quality appraisal were completed. The present review presents the perspectives of 973 autistic females aged 13-70+. Thematic synthesis identified three themes and nine subthemes. Our findings suggest that autistic girls' and women?s experiences can be conceptualised within a social model, where biological and psychological factors ('The Autistic Neurotype') are experienced through the lens of social factors ('The Neurotypical World' and 'Stigma'), together shaping well-being and mental health outcomes. Lay abstract Difficulties with mental health and low levels of well-being are more common among autistic girls and women than non-autistic people, but we do not fully understand why. Research does not focus enough on what autistic girls and women could tell us about this. This review aims to summarise the studies where autistic girls and women explain things that affect their mental health and well-being to help us understand how to prevent these difficulties from developing. Three research databases were searched to find possibly relevant studies. There were 877 studies found, which two researchers screened according to particular criteria. They found 52 studies that could be included in this review. One researcher evaluated the quality of these studies and extracted the key information from them. This review summarises the views of 973 autistic girls and women aged between 13 and 70+. The findings from the 52 studies were analysed, and we found many factors that affect the mental health and well-being of autistic girls and women. These factors fall into two categories: (1) difficulties living in a world not designed for autistic people and (2) the impact of stigma due to being autistic. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231215026 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525 [article] Perspectives of autistic adolescent girls and women on the determinants of their mental health and social and emotional well-being: A systematic review and thematic synthesis of lived experience [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rachel AG O?CONNOR, Auteur ; Mary DOHERTY, Auteur ; Theresa RYAN-ENRIGHT, Auteur ; Keith GAYNOR, Auteur . - p.816-830. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.816-830 Mots-clés : autism,female,mental health,neurodiversity,well-being Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic girls and women experience more mental health difficulties and poorer well-being than their non-autistic peers. Little emphasis has been placed on the perspectives of the girls and women within the literature. This review aims to provide an overview of the factors that impact autistic females' emotional and social well-being and mental health, as described in self-report qualitative studies. The protocol for the present review was pre-registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020184983), and this article follows Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PsycInfo, Academic Search Complete and MEDLINE were systematically searched using a pre-defined search string. This yielded 877 unique records, which were systematically screened by two reviewers, resulting in 52 eligible studies. Structured data extraction and quality appraisal were completed. The present review presents the perspectives of 973 autistic females aged 13-70+. Thematic synthesis identified three themes and nine subthemes. Our findings suggest that autistic girls' and women?s experiences can be conceptualised within a social model, where biological and psychological factors ('The Autistic Neurotype') are experienced through the lens of social factors ('The Neurotypical World' and 'Stigma'), together shaping well-being and mental health outcomes. Lay abstract Difficulties with mental health and low levels of well-being are more common among autistic girls and women than non-autistic people, but we do not fully understand why. Research does not focus enough on what autistic girls and women could tell us about this. This review aims to summarise the studies where autistic girls and women explain things that affect their mental health and well-being to help us understand how to prevent these difficulties from developing. Three research databases were searched to find possibly relevant studies. There were 877 studies found, which two researchers screened according to particular criteria. They found 52 studies that could be included in this review. One researcher evaluated the quality of these studies and extracted the key information from them. This review summarises the views of 973 autistic girls and women aged between 13 and 70+. The findings from the 52 studies were analysed, and we found many factors that affect the mental health and well-being of autistic girls and women. These factors fall into two categories: (1) difficulties living in a world not designed for autistic people and (2) the impact of stigma due to being autistic. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231215026 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525

Dropping the mask: It takes two / Julia M. COOK in Autism, 28-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.831-842 Titre : Dropping the mask: It takes two Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Julia M. COOK, Auteur ; Laura CRANE, Auteur ; William MANDY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.831-842 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults,autism spectrum disorders,camouflaging,qualitative research,social cognition and social behaviour Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In some social situations, autistic people feel pressure to modify their innate social behaviour (i.e. camouflage), while in other social situations they feel free to engage in ways that feel authentic or true to themselves. To date, the latter aspect of autistic people?s experience has rarely been explored. Using an online qualitative survey, this study examined 133 autistic people?s experiences and perspectives of socialising in ways that felt authentic to them, with a particular focus on mixed-neurotype interactions and the role of nonautistic people. Using reflexive thematic analysis, four themes were generated: (1) embracing diverse communication styles, interests and perspectives; (2) creating a more inclusive mixed-neurotype social environment together; (3) minimising and managing mixed-neurotype miscommunication in mutually beneficial ways; and (4) enjoyable interactions involving reduced anxiety and exhaustion as well as genuine connection and rapport. These findings are discussed with reference to theory and research involving the construct of authenticity both inside and outside the field of autism research. The knowledge generated in this study illuminates a previously underexplored aspect of autistic people?s experience and elucidates potential avenues through which to enhance the social experiences and well-being of this group. Lay abstract In some situations, autistic people feel pressure to change their social behaviour by camouflaging. In other situations, autistic people feel they don?t need to change their social behaviour. Instead, they feel they can socialise in ways that feel authentic or true to themselves. Past research has tended to focus on autistic people?s experiences of camouflaging rather than their experiences of authenticity. In this study, we asked autistic people what it is like for them when they can socialise in ways that feel authentic or true to themselves. Autistic people described authentic-feeling socialising as more free, spontaneous and open than camouflaging. In supportive environments, this kind of socialising had more positive and less negative consequences than camouflaging. Autistic people felt that having self-awareness and acceptance of their own social needs and being around autistic and nonautistic people who were accepting and understanding helped them to socialise in authentic-feeling ways. Autistic people also spoke about communication behaviours they felt nonautistic people should use to help overcome misunderstandings and create autism-friendly social environments. These findings suggest it is helpful for autistic people to have access to supportive and accepting social environments in which they feel able to socialise in ways that feel authentic to them. In creating such social environments, it is important to focus on nonautistic people?s knowledge and attitude towards autistic people and also their ability to use helpful communication behaviours. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231183059 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525 [article] Dropping the mask: It takes two [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Julia M. COOK, Auteur ; Laura CRANE, Auteur ; William MANDY, Auteur . - p.831-842. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.831-842 Mots-clés : adults,autism spectrum disorders,camouflaging,qualitative research,social cognition and social behaviour Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In some social situations, autistic people feel pressure to modify their innate social behaviour (i.e. camouflage), while in other social situations they feel free to engage in ways that feel authentic or true to themselves. To date, the latter aspect of autistic people?s experience has rarely been explored. Using an online qualitative survey, this study examined 133 autistic people?s experiences and perspectives of socialising in ways that felt authentic to them, with a particular focus on mixed-neurotype interactions and the role of nonautistic people. Using reflexive thematic analysis, four themes were generated: (1) embracing diverse communication styles, interests and perspectives; (2) creating a more inclusive mixed-neurotype social environment together; (3) minimising and managing mixed-neurotype miscommunication in mutually beneficial ways; and (4) enjoyable interactions involving reduced anxiety and exhaustion as well as genuine connection and rapport. These findings are discussed with reference to theory and research involving the construct of authenticity both inside and outside the field of autism research. The knowledge generated in this study illuminates a previously underexplored aspect of autistic people?s experience and elucidates potential avenues through which to enhance the social experiences and well-being of this group. Lay abstract In some situations, autistic people feel pressure to change their social behaviour by camouflaging. In other situations, autistic people feel they don?t need to change their social behaviour. Instead, they feel they can socialise in ways that feel authentic or true to themselves. Past research has tended to focus on autistic people?s experiences of camouflaging rather than their experiences of authenticity. In this study, we asked autistic people what it is like for them when they can socialise in ways that feel authentic or true to themselves. Autistic people described authentic-feeling socialising as more free, spontaneous and open than camouflaging. In supportive environments, this kind of socialising had more positive and less negative consequences than camouflaging. Autistic people felt that having self-awareness and acceptance of their own social needs and being around autistic and nonautistic people who were accepting and understanding helped them to socialise in authentic-feeling ways. Autistic people also spoke about communication behaviours they felt nonautistic people should use to help overcome misunderstandings and create autism-friendly social environments. These findings suggest it is helpful for autistic people to have access to supportive and accepting social environments in which they feel able to socialise in ways that feel authentic to them. In creating such social environments, it is important to focus on nonautistic people?s knowledge and attitude towards autistic people and also their ability to use helpful communication behaviours. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231183059 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525

"Survival classes for a neurotypical world": What French autistic adults want and need after receiving an autism diagnosis / Raven BUREAU in Autism, 28-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.843-853 Titre : "Survival classes for a neurotypical world": What French autistic adults want and need after receiving an autism diagnosis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Raven BUREAU, Auteur ; Céline CLEMENT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.843-853 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults,autism,coping strategies,diagnosis,needs Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research on how adults react to receiving an autism diagnosis is focused on the United States or the United Kingdom context even though cultural differences might have an impact on these experiences. Few interventions for autistic adults exist, and when they do, they are often described as inappropriate. Our study aimed to explore the experiences of French adults diagnosed with autism and the needs they identified following this diagnosis as well as to ask them directly what type of interventions they would have wanted. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 12 adults and identified three recurring themes: (1) reactions to the diagnosis, (2) relations with others and society, and (3) wants and needs. Results indicated that some experiences were congruent with existing Anglophone literature, while others were heavily influenced by the specific cultural context. Our participants also highlighted a number of unmet needs and offered suggestions for adequate interventions. Lay abstract Adults receiving an autism diagnosis might not react the same depending on their countries or cultures. We also know that autistic people are rarely asked what they think would be best for them following this diagnosis. In this study, we asked 12 French autistic adults about their experiences of receiving an autism diagnosis as well as what they thought might be useful afterwards. Overall, we found that some experiences were similar to experiences related by English or American participants, but some were specific to the French culture, suggesting that such research should expand into new territories and cultures, especially non-European ones. Our participants also had quite a few ideas as to what would be useful for people in the same situation. Some of the suggestions can be put into action by peers and professionals alike, while others are wishes relating to how our participants would like society to behave toward them and people like them, for example. This article allows for a better comprehension of how cultural differences can impact the experience of receiving an autism diagnosis as an adult and provides some insight into what these adults want and desire following such a diagnosis. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231183071 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525 [article] "Survival classes for a neurotypical world": What French autistic adults want and need after receiving an autism diagnosis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Raven BUREAU, Auteur ; Céline CLEMENT, Auteur . - p.843-853. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.843-853 Mots-clés : adults,autism,coping strategies,diagnosis,needs Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research on how adults react to receiving an autism diagnosis is focused on the United States or the United Kingdom context even though cultural differences might have an impact on these experiences. Few interventions for autistic adults exist, and when they do, they are often described as inappropriate. Our study aimed to explore the experiences of French adults diagnosed with autism and the needs they identified following this diagnosis as well as to ask them directly what type of interventions they would have wanted. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 12 adults and identified three recurring themes: (1) reactions to the diagnosis, (2) relations with others and society, and (3) wants and needs. Results indicated that some experiences were congruent with existing Anglophone literature, while others were heavily influenced by the specific cultural context. Our participants also highlighted a number of unmet needs and offered suggestions for adequate interventions. Lay abstract Adults receiving an autism diagnosis might not react the same depending on their countries or cultures. We also know that autistic people are rarely asked what they think would be best for them following this diagnosis. In this study, we asked 12 French autistic adults about their experiences of receiving an autism diagnosis as well as what they thought might be useful afterwards. Overall, we found that some experiences were similar to experiences related by English or American participants, but some were specific to the French culture, suggesting that such research should expand into new territories and cultures, especially non-European ones. Our participants also had quite a few ideas as to what would be useful for people in the same situation. Some of the suggestions can be put into action by peers and professionals alike, while others are wishes relating to how our participants would like society to behave toward them and people like them, for example. This article allows for a better comprehension of how cultural differences can impact the experience of receiving an autism diagnosis as an adult and provides some insight into what these adults want and desire following such a diagnosis. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231183071 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525

Understanding the post-diagnostic support priorities of autistic adults in the United Kingdom: A co-produced modified Delphi study / Susanna CROWSON in Autism, 28-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.854-865 Titre : Understanding the post-diagnostic support priorities of autistic adults in the United Kingdom: A co-produced modified Delphi study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Susanna CROWSON, Auteur ; Daniel POOLE, Auteur ; Kelly SCARGILL, Auteur ; Megan FREETH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.854-865 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults,co-design,health services,participatory,post-diagnostic Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Post-diagnostic support for autistic adults in the United Kingdom is geographically inequitable and, in general, considered inadequate. This results in autistic adults facing unnecessary challenges and wide-ranging poor outcomes. A modified Delphi study sought to establish autistic adults' priorities for optimal provision of post-diagnostic support. The study was co-designed with 10 autistic adults across a series of three online workshops. Forty-three autistic adults, who had received their diagnosis in adulthood, completed a series of three online questionnaires through which 153 support priorities were identified. In a fourth questionnaire round, completed by 139 autistic adults, 24 priorities reached or exceeded a consensus threshold of 80% agreement that the item specified an important element of post-diagnostic support. Participants ranked access to support where they live, training of professionals, support to process the impact of a late diagnosis, use of their preferred mode of contact and an individualised support plan as their key priorities for post-diagnostic support. The whole priority list provides a clear and practical articulation of what autistic adults want from post-diagnostic support. This should be used by policymakers and service providers in the United Kingdom to ensure that post-diagnostic support for autistic adults is fit for purpose. Lay abstract Autistic adults in the United Kingdom report that support for themselves and their peers is not suitable for their needs. There has been an increase in adults receiving an autism diagnosis, which many have reported as having a positive impact on their lives. However, the lack of support and understanding after diagnosis, combined with long wait times for an assessment to obtain a diagnosis and to access follow-on support, is having a negative impact on people?s lives. This study took place to find out what support autistic people need and want after receiving their diagnosis. It was co-designed with a group of 10 autistic adults which means that the researchers and group members collaboratively designed the research. For the study, 43 autistic adults, diagnosed aged 18 or older, completed three questionnaires. A fourth questionnaire followed that was completed by 139 autistic people who received their diagnosis in adulthood. These questionnaires aimed to help people identify their own priorities when it came to the support they would have liked to receive after being given their autism diagnosis. Participants ranked access to support where they live, training of professionals, support to process the impact of a late diagnosis, use of their preferred mode of contact and a personalised support plan as their top priorities. This demonstrates that local support is highly valued by autistic adults, as are well-trained professionals who offer a range of contact options, support to process a late-in-life autism diagnosis and help to develop and implement support plans. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231196805 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525 [article] Understanding the post-diagnostic support priorities of autistic adults in the United Kingdom: A co-produced modified Delphi study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Susanna CROWSON, Auteur ; Daniel POOLE, Auteur ; Kelly SCARGILL, Auteur ; Megan FREETH, Auteur . - p.854-865. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.854-865 Mots-clés : adults,co-design,health services,participatory,post-diagnostic Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Post-diagnostic support for autistic adults in the United Kingdom is geographically inequitable and, in general, considered inadequate. This results in autistic adults facing unnecessary challenges and wide-ranging poor outcomes. A modified Delphi study sought to establish autistic adults' priorities for optimal provision of post-diagnostic support. The study was co-designed with 10 autistic adults across a series of three online workshops. Forty-three autistic adults, who had received their diagnosis in adulthood, completed a series of three online questionnaires through which 153 support priorities were identified. In a fourth questionnaire round, completed by 139 autistic adults, 24 priorities reached or exceeded a consensus threshold of 80% agreement that the item specified an important element of post-diagnostic support. Participants ranked access to support where they live, training of professionals, support to process the impact of a late diagnosis, use of their preferred mode of contact and an individualised support plan as their key priorities for post-diagnostic support. The whole priority list provides a clear and practical articulation of what autistic adults want from post-diagnostic support. This should be used by policymakers and service providers in the United Kingdom to ensure that post-diagnostic support for autistic adults is fit for purpose. Lay abstract Autistic adults in the United Kingdom report that support for themselves and their peers is not suitable for their needs. There has been an increase in adults receiving an autism diagnosis, which many have reported as having a positive impact on their lives. However, the lack of support and understanding after diagnosis, combined with long wait times for an assessment to obtain a diagnosis and to access follow-on support, is having a negative impact on people?s lives. This study took place to find out what support autistic people need and want after receiving their diagnosis. It was co-designed with a group of 10 autistic adults which means that the researchers and group members collaboratively designed the research. For the study, 43 autistic adults, diagnosed aged 18 or older, completed three questionnaires. A fourth questionnaire followed that was completed by 139 autistic people who received their diagnosis in adulthood. These questionnaires aimed to help people identify their own priorities when it came to the support they would have liked to receive after being given their autism diagnosis. Participants ranked access to support where they live, training of professionals, support to process the impact of a late diagnosis, use of their preferred mode of contact and a personalised support plan as their top priorities. This demonstrates that local support is highly valued by autistic adults, as are well-trained professionals who offer a range of contact options, support to process a late-in-life autism diagnosis and help to develop and implement support plans. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231196805 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525

Magnitude representation of preschool children with autism spectrum condition / Xueyan LI in Autism, 28-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.866-880 Titre : Magnitude representation of preschool children with autism spectrum condition Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Xueyan LI, Auteur ; Jiaxi LI, Auteur ; Sijia ZHAO, Auteur ; Yini LIAO, Auteur ; Liqi ZHU, Auteur ; Yi MOU, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.866-880 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : approximate number comparison,autism spectrum condition,magnitude representation,nonverbal numerical ability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The mathematical abilities of children with autism spectrum condition have been understudied. Magnitude representation is a fundamental numerical ability that emerges early in development and is linked to children?s learning of formal mathematics. It remains unclear about whether children with autism spectrum condition differ from their peers without autism spectrum condition in the precision of magnitude representations. This study recruited preschool-aged children with autism spectrum condition (N = 70; 64 boys, Mage = 5.20?years) and without autism spectrum condition (N = 117; 63 boys, Mage = 5.11?years), and tested their precision of magnitude representation with an approximate number comparison task (dot comparison). Children with autism spectrum condition exhibited the lower numerical comparison accuracy (i.e. the weaker magnitude representation) than their peers without autism spectrum condition, regardless of the congruency between numerosity and surface area of dots. Moreover, the lower numerical comparison accuracy was observed even controlling for multiple general cognitive abilities (working memory, inhibitory control, and nonverbal intelligence) and language abilities. In addition, the variability of the comparison accuracy was larger in children with autism spectrum condition than without autism spectrum condition. These findings suggest that children with autism spectrum condition are at risk of weaker magnitude representation from an early age, emphasizing the need for specialized mathematics education or interventions to support their learning. Lay abstract The mathematical abilities of children with autism spectrum condition have been understudied. Magnitude representation (e.g. presenting the number of a collection of objects) is a fundamental numerical ability presented since early infancy and is correlated with children?s later learning of formal mathematics. It remains unclear about whether children with autism spectrum condition differ from their peers without autism spectrum condition in precision of magnitude representations. This study compared preschool children with and without autism spectrum condition in their precision of magnitude representation with an approximate number comparison task, in which children compared two sets of dots without counting and chose the set with more dots. Children with autism spectrum condition exhibited the lower numerical comparison accuracy (i.e. the weaker magnitude representation) than their peers without autism spectrum condition. This difference existed even when multiple general cognitive abilities (working memory, inhibitory control, and nonverbal intelligence) and language abilities were statistically controlled. Moreover, the individual difference of the numerical comparison accuracy was larger in children with autism spectrum condition than without autism spectrum condition. These findings suggest that children with autism spectrum condition are at risk of weaker magnitude representation from an early age, emphasizing the need for specialized mathematics education or interventions to support their learning. In addition, the large variance in the precision of their magnitude representation suggests that individualized mathematics interventions are needed for children with autism spectrum condition. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231185408 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525 [article] Magnitude representation of preschool children with autism spectrum condition [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Xueyan LI, Auteur ; Jiaxi LI, Auteur ; Sijia ZHAO, Auteur ; Yini LIAO, Auteur ; Liqi ZHU, Auteur ; Yi MOU, Auteur . - p.866-880. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.866-880 Mots-clés : approximate number comparison,autism spectrum condition,magnitude representation,nonverbal numerical ability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The mathematical abilities of children with autism spectrum condition have been understudied. Magnitude representation is a fundamental numerical ability that emerges early in development and is linked to children?s learning of formal mathematics. It remains unclear about whether children with autism spectrum condition differ from their peers without autism spectrum condition in the precision of magnitude representations. This study recruited preschool-aged children with autism spectrum condition (N = 70; 64 boys, Mage = 5.20?years) and without autism spectrum condition (N = 117; 63 boys, Mage = 5.11?years), and tested their precision of magnitude representation with an approximate number comparison task (dot comparison). Children with autism spectrum condition exhibited the lower numerical comparison accuracy (i.e. the weaker magnitude representation) than their peers without autism spectrum condition, regardless of the congruency between numerosity and surface area of dots. Moreover, the lower numerical comparison accuracy was observed even controlling for multiple general cognitive abilities (working memory, inhibitory control, and nonverbal intelligence) and language abilities. In addition, the variability of the comparison accuracy was larger in children with autism spectrum condition than without autism spectrum condition. These findings suggest that children with autism spectrum condition are at risk of weaker magnitude representation from an early age, emphasizing the need for specialized mathematics education or interventions to support their learning. Lay abstract The mathematical abilities of children with autism spectrum condition have been understudied. Magnitude representation (e.g. presenting the number of a collection of objects) is a fundamental numerical ability presented since early infancy and is correlated with children?s later learning of formal mathematics. It remains unclear about whether children with autism spectrum condition differ from their peers without autism spectrum condition in precision of magnitude representations. This study compared preschool children with and without autism spectrum condition in their precision of magnitude representation with an approximate number comparison task, in which children compared two sets of dots without counting and chose the set with more dots. Children with autism spectrum condition exhibited the lower numerical comparison accuracy (i.e. the weaker magnitude representation) than their peers without autism spectrum condition. This difference existed even when multiple general cognitive abilities (working memory, inhibitory control, and nonverbal intelligence) and language abilities were statistically controlled. Moreover, the individual difference of the numerical comparison accuracy was larger in children with autism spectrum condition than without autism spectrum condition. These findings suggest that children with autism spectrum condition are at risk of weaker magnitude representation from an early age, emphasizing the need for specialized mathematics education or interventions to support their learning. In addition, the large variance in the precision of their magnitude representation suggests that individualized mathematics interventions are needed for children with autism spectrum condition. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231185408 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525

The mediators for the link between autism and real-world executive functions in adolescence and young adulthood / Yi-Ling CHIEN in Autism, 28-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.881-895 Titre : The mediators for the link between autism and real-world executive functions in adolescence and young adulthood Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Yi-Ling CHIEN, Auteur ; Yueh-Ming TAI, Auteur ; Yen-Nan CHIU, Auteur ; Wen-Che TSAI, Auteur ; Susan Shur-Fen GAU, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.881-895 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder,developmental changes,mediator,real-world executive functions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The mediators of real-world executive functions in autism during the transition into adulthood are mainly unknown. This study aimed to identify the mediators for the behavioral and cognitive domains of real-world executive functions in late adolescent and young adult autistic populations. We followed up 289 autistic children (aged 11.6?+?3.8, male 82.2%) and 203 non-autistic controls (10.7?+?2.9, 66.5%) to their ages of 16.9?+?4.7 and 15.8?+?3.9, respectively. The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, comprising two global scales (Behavioral Regulation Index and the Metacognitive Index), was used to assess real-world executive functions at Time 2. Mediators of behavior regulation and metacognition were explored among a wide range of clinical correlates and parental bonding. We found that the autistic group had lower executive functions than the non-autistic group with lower behavior regulation and metacognition subscores. Several childhood factors were significant mediators. Multiple mediation analyses revealed that childhood inattention remained a significant mediator for both behavior regulation and metacognition in late adolescence, and peer problems were the specific mediators of metacognition. Our findings suggest several childhood factors may mediate real-world executive functions during late adolescence. Treating common mediators such as inattention may improve real-world executive functions in autistic individuals during adulthood. Lay abstract Childhood factors that predict real-world executive function in autism spectrum disorder during the transition into adulthood are largely unknown. This study aimed to identify the predictors for the behavioral and cognitive aspects of real-world executive function in late adolescent and young adult autistic populations. We followed up 289 autistic youth (mean age 11.6?years) and 203 non-autistic controls (10.7?years) to their ages of 16.9 and 15.8, respectively. The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function scale was used to measure the real-world executive function at late adolescence and young adulthood at follow-up. Potential predictors such as autistic symptoms, inattention or hyperactivity symptoms, peer relationship, emotional symptoms, and parenting styles were assessed in childhood at first enrollment. The results showed that childhood inattention, withdrawn behaviors, social communication difficulties, and child-reported emotion and inattention/hyperactivity may predict real-world lower executive function in late adolescence and young adults with autism. When separating executive function into behavioral and cognitive aspects, we found that oppositional behaviors and peer problems were specific predictors for behavioral regulation and cognitive function, respectively. Our findings suggested that treating common predictors in childhood, such as inattention, may potentially improve real-world executive function in autism during the transition into adulthood. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231184733 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525 [article] The mediators for the link between autism and real-world executive functions in adolescence and young adulthood [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Yi-Ling CHIEN, Auteur ; Yueh-Ming TAI, Auteur ; Yen-Nan CHIU, Auteur ; Wen-Che TSAI, Auteur ; Susan Shur-Fen GAU, Auteur . - p.881-895. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.881-895 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder,developmental changes,mediator,real-world executive functions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The mediators of real-world executive functions in autism during the transition into adulthood are mainly unknown. This study aimed to identify the mediators for the behavioral and cognitive domains of real-world executive functions in late adolescent and young adult autistic populations. We followed up 289 autistic children (aged 11.6?+?3.8, male 82.2%) and 203 non-autistic controls (10.7?+?2.9, 66.5%) to their ages of 16.9?+?4.7 and 15.8?+?3.9, respectively. The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, comprising two global scales (Behavioral Regulation Index and the Metacognitive Index), was used to assess real-world executive functions at Time 2. Mediators of behavior regulation and metacognition were explored among a wide range of clinical correlates and parental bonding. We found that the autistic group had lower executive functions than the non-autistic group with lower behavior regulation and metacognition subscores. Several childhood factors were significant mediators. Multiple mediation analyses revealed that childhood inattention remained a significant mediator for both behavior regulation and metacognition in late adolescence, and peer problems were the specific mediators of metacognition. Our findings suggest several childhood factors may mediate real-world executive functions during late adolescence. Treating common mediators such as inattention may improve real-world executive functions in autistic individuals during adulthood. Lay abstract Childhood factors that predict real-world executive function in autism spectrum disorder during the transition into adulthood are largely unknown. This study aimed to identify the predictors for the behavioral and cognitive aspects of real-world executive function in late adolescent and young adult autistic populations. We followed up 289 autistic youth (mean age 11.6?years) and 203 non-autistic controls (10.7?years) to their ages of 16.9 and 15.8, respectively. The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function scale was used to measure the real-world executive function at late adolescence and young adulthood at follow-up. Potential predictors such as autistic symptoms, inattention or hyperactivity symptoms, peer relationship, emotional symptoms, and parenting styles were assessed in childhood at first enrollment. The results showed that childhood inattention, withdrawn behaviors, social communication difficulties, and child-reported emotion and inattention/hyperactivity may predict real-world lower executive function in late adolescence and young adults with autism. When separating executive function into behavioral and cognitive aspects, we found that oppositional behaviors and peer problems were specific predictors for behavioral regulation and cognitive function, respectively. Our findings suggested that treating common predictors in childhood, such as inattention, may potentially improve real-world executive function in autism during the transition into adulthood. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231184733 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525

Explaining differences in autism detection timing: Age of diagnosis and associated individual and socio-familial factors in Chinese children / Ling Li LENG in Autism, 28-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.896-907 Titre : Explaining differences in autism detection timing: Age of diagnosis and associated individual and socio-familial factors in Chinese children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ling Li LENG, Auteur ; Yue Wen ZHU, Auteur ; Lin Gang ZHOU, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.896-907 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : age of diagnosis,autism spectrum disorder,China,influencing clinical factors,socio-familial determinants Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The timing of autism spectrum disorder detection in research and clinical practice is characterised by substantial heterogeneity ranging from infancy to school age. In this study, we examined the age of diagnosis and its associated individual and socio-familial factors in Chinese children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. A sample of 1235 autism spectrum disorder children from 132 rehabilitation organisations in Shenzhen was investigated in 2021. We found a mean age of diagnosis of 31.4?+?12.7?months and a median of 30.0?months. Although 71.7% of the children received their diagnosis between 25 and 36?months of age, and 13.3% were diagnosed early (?24?months), 15.1% did not have their symptoms detected until preschool or later years (>36?months). The diagnosis was likely delayed (>36?months) if the children were older, were less severe and presented with no intellectual impairment. The odds of delayed autism spectrum disorder diagnosis were more than 9 times higher among migrant autism spectrum disorder children than those with local household registrations. The study underscores the importance of identifying culturally sensitive socio-economic determinants in autism spectrum disorder detection in addition to clinical factors, as the former are likely to affect the quality of life of many autism spectrum disorder children and their families. Lay Abstract Timely detection is an issue of paramount importance in the care of children with autism spectrum disorder. Whether the delayed autism spectrum disorder diagnosis can be explained by children?s clinical presentations and socio-familial status in China is a question to be addressed. We investigated 1235 autism spectrum disorder children from 132 rehabilitation organisations in Shenzhen, China. These children were found to have a mean age of diagnosis of 31.4?+?12.7?months and a median age of diagnosis of 30.0?months. The majority of these children were able to receive their diagnosis during toddlerhood. However, about one in six were not diagnosed until they entered preschool or later, thus missing the golden window of opportunity for early intervention. The age of diagnosis was likely to be late if the children were older, were less severe and presented with no intellectual impairment. The odds of having a delayed autism spectrum disorder diagnosis were more than 9 times higher among migrant autism spectrum disorder children than among those with local household registrations, thus underscoring the importance of identifying culturally sensitive socio-economic determinants in autism spectrum disorder detection, as these factors are likely to affect the quality of life of many autism spectrum disorder children and their families. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231187184 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525 [article] Explaining differences in autism detection timing: Age of diagnosis and associated individual and socio-familial factors in Chinese children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ling Li LENG, Auteur ; Yue Wen ZHU, Auteur ; Lin Gang ZHOU, Auteur . - p.896-907. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.896-907 Mots-clés : age of diagnosis,autism spectrum disorder,China,influencing clinical factors,socio-familial determinants Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The timing of autism spectrum disorder detection in research and clinical practice is characterised by substantial heterogeneity ranging from infancy to school age. In this study, we examined the age of diagnosis and its associated individual and socio-familial factors in Chinese children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. A sample of 1235 autism spectrum disorder children from 132 rehabilitation organisations in Shenzhen was investigated in 2021. We found a mean age of diagnosis of 31.4?+?12.7?months and a median of 30.0?months. Although 71.7% of the children received their diagnosis between 25 and 36?months of age, and 13.3% were diagnosed early (?24?months), 15.1% did not have their symptoms detected until preschool or later years (>36?months). The diagnosis was likely delayed (>36?months) if the children were older, were less severe and presented with no intellectual impairment. The odds of delayed autism spectrum disorder diagnosis were more than 9 times higher among migrant autism spectrum disorder children than those with local household registrations. The study underscores the importance of identifying culturally sensitive socio-economic determinants in autism spectrum disorder detection in addition to clinical factors, as the former are likely to affect the quality of life of many autism spectrum disorder children and their families. Lay Abstract Timely detection is an issue of paramount importance in the care of children with autism spectrum disorder. Whether the delayed autism spectrum disorder diagnosis can be explained by children?s clinical presentations and socio-familial status in China is a question to be addressed. We investigated 1235 autism spectrum disorder children from 132 rehabilitation organisations in Shenzhen, China. These children were found to have a mean age of diagnosis of 31.4?+?12.7?months and a median age of diagnosis of 30.0?months. The majority of these children were able to receive their diagnosis during toddlerhood. However, about one in six were not diagnosed until they entered preschool or later, thus missing the golden window of opportunity for early intervention. The age of diagnosis was likely to be late if the children were older, were less severe and presented with no intellectual impairment. The odds of having a delayed autism spectrum disorder diagnosis were more than 9 times higher among migrant autism spectrum disorder children than among those with local household registrations, thus underscoring the importance of identifying culturally sensitive socio-economic determinants in autism spectrum disorder detection, as these factors are likely to affect the quality of life of many autism spectrum disorder children and their families. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231187184 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525

The relationship between camouflaging and mental health: Are there differences among subgroups in autistic adults? / Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN in Autism, 28-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.908-919 Titre : The relationship between camouflaging and mental health: Are there differences among subgroups in autistic adults? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN, Auteur ; Audrey JJ MOL, Auteur ; Tulsi A. RADHOE, Auteur ; Carolien TORENVLIET, Auteur ; Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.908-919 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : camouflaging,heterogeneity,mental health,psychiatric problems,subgroups Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Camouflaging is hypothesized to play an important role in developing mental health difficulties. But this might not be true for everyone. It remains unclear for whom camouflaging is associated with mental health. In this preregistered study (AsPredicted #45095), we investigated whether (1) camouflaging and mental health were associated and (2) we could detect subgroups with a different association between camouflaging and mental health. For this study, 352 autistic adults aged 30-84?years filled in, among others, the Dutch Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire to measure camouflaging and the Symptom Checklist-90 Revised to measure mental health difficulties. We found a moderate correlation between camouflaging and mental health difficulties (r = 0.45). However, there was only a strong association between camouflaging and mental health in a small subgroup, while the association was small in most autistic adults. For varying levels of negative affect and (to a lesser extent) autism traits, the association between camouflaging and mental health differed, but not for biological sex, age, or educational level. Thus, while one should be careful with group-based conclusions regarding the (negative) impact of camouflaging, camouflaging can be important to consider in clinical practice, especially for people with a substantial level of negative affect. Lay abstract When autistic people use strategies to hide their autistic characteristics, we call this camouflaging. Autistic adults suggested that camouflaging can result in mental health difficulties. That is, people who report to camouflage also report mental health difficulties. However, since there are many differences between autistic people, this relationship may also differ between subgroups. Therefore, in this study we investigated whether camouflaging and mental health difficulties are related and whether this relationship is equal for all autistic adults. For this study, 352 autistic adults aged 30-84?years filled in the Dutch Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire to measure camouflaging and the Symptom Checklist-90 Revised to measure mental health difficulties. We found that camouflaging was moderately related to mental health difficulties. This means that people who report more camouflaging also report more mental health difficulties. When we looked closer, we found that this relationship was strong for only a small subgroup of autistic adults. In most other autistic adults, there was a small or no relationship between camouflaging and mental health difficulties. Therefore, it is important that clinicians are aware of camouflaging and its possible relationship with mental health difficulties, but that they do not generalize the negative consequences to everyone. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231185402 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525 [article] The relationship between camouflaging and mental health: Are there differences among subgroups in autistic adults? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN, Auteur ; Audrey JJ MOL, Auteur ; Tulsi A. RADHOE, Auteur ; Carolien TORENVLIET, Auteur ; Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur . - p.908-919. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.908-919 Mots-clés : camouflaging,heterogeneity,mental health,psychiatric problems,subgroups Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Camouflaging is hypothesized to play an important role in developing mental health difficulties. But this might not be true for everyone. It remains unclear for whom camouflaging is associated with mental health. In this preregistered study (AsPredicted #45095), we investigated whether (1) camouflaging and mental health were associated and (2) we could detect subgroups with a different association between camouflaging and mental health. For this study, 352 autistic adults aged 30-84?years filled in, among others, the Dutch Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire to measure camouflaging and the Symptom Checklist-90 Revised to measure mental health difficulties. We found a moderate correlation between camouflaging and mental health difficulties (r = 0.45). However, there was only a strong association between camouflaging and mental health in a small subgroup, while the association was small in most autistic adults. For varying levels of negative affect and (to a lesser extent) autism traits, the association between camouflaging and mental health differed, but not for biological sex, age, or educational level. Thus, while one should be careful with group-based conclusions regarding the (negative) impact of camouflaging, camouflaging can be important to consider in clinical practice, especially for people with a substantial level of negative affect. Lay abstract When autistic people use strategies to hide their autistic characteristics, we call this camouflaging. Autistic adults suggested that camouflaging can result in mental health difficulties. That is, people who report to camouflage also report mental health difficulties. However, since there are many differences between autistic people, this relationship may also differ between subgroups. Therefore, in this study we investigated whether camouflaging and mental health difficulties are related and whether this relationship is equal for all autistic adults. For this study, 352 autistic adults aged 30-84?years filled in the Dutch Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire to measure camouflaging and the Symptom Checklist-90 Revised to measure mental health difficulties. We found that camouflaging was moderately related to mental health difficulties. This means that people who report more camouflaging also report more mental health difficulties. When we looked closer, we found that this relationship was strong for only a small subgroup of autistic adults. In most other autistic adults, there was a small or no relationship between camouflaging and mental health difficulties. Therefore, it is important that clinicians are aware of camouflaging and its possible relationship with mental health difficulties, but that they do not generalize the negative consequences to everyone. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231185402 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525

"It just depends": Parent, teacher, and expert conceptualization of social communication in young autistic children / Katherine M. WALTON in Autism, 28-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.920-931 Titre : "It just depends": Parent, teacher, and expert conceptualization of social communication in young autistic children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Katherine M. WALTON, Auteur ; Alayna R. BOROWY, Auteur ; Christopher A. TAYLOR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.920-931 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism,focus groups,social communication,stakeholder perspectives Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Improving social communication is a frequent goal of early autism services. However, it is unclear whether existing models of social communication align with the perspectives and priorities of key stakeholders, including parents, teachers, and expert clinicians. Stakeholder perspectives on social communication characteristics and priorities for young autistic children were gathered during seven focus groups. Participants included parents (three groups; n = 21), teachers (two groups; n = 8), and experts in early social communication and autism (two groups; n = 14). Content analysis procedures were used to develop and refine a codebook for themes and sub-themes that emerged from the focus group data and to code this data. Qualitative data analysis revealed several themes consistent with existing models of social communication in autism (expressive and receptive communication; social interaction), as well as novel themes related to unconventional communication, the impact of context on social communication, and the role of emotion regulation in social communication. Overall, participants expressed that adequately capturing autistic children?s social communication skills was challenging because autistic social communication is influenced greatly by a number of contextual, relational, motivational, and regulatory factors. These findings provide valuable insight for aligning social communication measurement and support with stakeholder priorities. Lay abstract Improving social communication is often one goal during early autism services. However, researchers do not yet know whether their ideas about which social communication skills should be targeted during services for young autistic children are the same as the goals of autism community members, such as parents, teachers, and expert clinicians. This study used focus groups (meetings of small groups of community members) to ask people from these groups about what aspects of social communication are most important to support in young autistic children. A total of 43 people participated in these focus groups. These groups included parents (three groups; 21 people), teachers (two groups; 8 people), and experts in early social communication and autism (two groups; 14 people). Focus group participants talked about several aspects of social communication that were already familiar to the research team, such as problems with expressive communication, language understanding, and social interaction. However, participants also talked about several parts of social communication that were less familiar to the research team and had usually not been mentioned in previous research. These included (1) considering the value of unusual forms of communication, (2) taking context and setting into account when considering social communication, and (3) how communication and emotion regulation impact one another. The information from these focus groups will be helpful to making sure that researchers and clinicians focus their social communication supports on areas that are most important to parents and teachers. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231185401 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525 [article] "It just depends": Parent, teacher, and expert conceptualization of social communication in young autistic children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Katherine M. WALTON, Auteur ; Alayna R. BOROWY, Auteur ; Christopher A. TAYLOR, Auteur . - p.920-931. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.920-931 Mots-clés : autism,focus groups,social communication,stakeholder perspectives Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Improving social communication is a frequent goal of early autism services. However, it is unclear whether existing models of social communication align with the perspectives and priorities of key stakeholders, including parents, teachers, and expert clinicians. Stakeholder perspectives on social communication characteristics and priorities for young autistic children were gathered during seven focus groups. Participants included parents (three groups; n = 21), teachers (two groups; n = 8), and experts in early social communication and autism (two groups; n = 14). Content analysis procedures were used to develop and refine a codebook for themes and sub-themes that emerged from the focus group data and to code this data. Qualitative data analysis revealed several themes consistent with existing models of social communication in autism (expressive and receptive communication; social interaction), as well as novel themes related to unconventional communication, the impact of context on social communication, and the role of emotion regulation in social communication. Overall, participants expressed that adequately capturing autistic children?s social communication skills was challenging because autistic social communication is influenced greatly by a number of contextual, relational, motivational, and regulatory factors. These findings provide valuable insight for aligning social communication measurement and support with stakeholder priorities. Lay abstract Improving social communication is often one goal during early autism services. However, researchers do not yet know whether their ideas about which social communication skills should be targeted during services for young autistic children are the same as the goals of autism community members, such as parents, teachers, and expert clinicians. This study used focus groups (meetings of small groups of community members) to ask people from these groups about what aspects of social communication are most important to support in young autistic children. A total of 43 people participated in these focus groups. These groups included parents (three groups; 21 people), teachers (two groups; 8 people), and experts in early social communication and autism (two groups; 14 people). Focus group participants talked about several aspects of social communication that were already familiar to the research team, such as problems with expressive communication, language understanding, and social interaction. However, participants also talked about several parts of social communication that were less familiar to the research team and had usually not been mentioned in previous research. These included (1) considering the value of unusual forms of communication, (2) taking context and setting into account when considering social communication, and (3) how communication and emotion regulation impact one another. The information from these focus groups will be helpful to making sure that researchers and clinicians focus their social communication supports on areas that are most important to parents and teachers. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231185401 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525

The emotional support plan: Feasibility trials of a brief, telehealth-based mobile intervention to support coping for autistic adults / Vanessa H. BAL in Autism, 28-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.932-944 Titre : The emotional support plan: Feasibility trials of a brief, telehealth-based mobile intervention to support coping for autistic adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Vanessa H. BAL, Auteur ; Annabelle M. MOURNET, Auteur ; Tori GLASCOCK, Auteur ; Jacqueline SHINALL, Auteur ; Gabrielle GUNIN, Auteur ; Nikita JADAV, Auteur ; Henry ZHANG, Auteur ; Emily BRENNAN, Auteur ; Emily ISTVAN, Auteur ; Evan M. KLEIMAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.932-944 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults,autism spectrum disorders,interventions-psychosocial/behavioral Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Difficulties regulating emotions during periods of distress may contribute to the high rates of co-occurring depression and anxiety in autistic adults. The emotional support plan (ESP) is a brief intervention designed to support autistic adults to use positive coping skills during periods of distress. Thirty-six autistic adults participated in studies to assess the acceptability of the ESP intervention to cope with stressors during the COVID-19 pandemic and postsecondary education and feasibility of the study design elements to inform future trials. Most participants reported using strategies from their ESP; 86%-89% reported the intervention had a positive impact on them and 67%-71% would recommend it to another person. Completion of weekly monitoring and outcome assessments were high; ecological momentary assessment was more variable. The current results provide preliminary support for the acceptability of the ESP intervention. Important insights were also gained to inform feasibility of the design to assess its potential efficacy in future studies. While further research is clearly needed, the brief nature of the ESP may provide benefit as a starting point for those who may be proactively seeking support to cope with anticipated stressors or those who would benefit from guidance to promote emotion regulation during stressful life events. Lay abstract Autistic adults may have difficulty coping during stressful periods, which could make them more vulnerable to depression and anxiety. We designed the emotional support plan (ESP) to help autistic people find ways to cope in stressful situations. Thirty-six autistic adults created an ESP and answered questions about their opinions of the ESP. Most autistic adults found the ESP to have a positive impact on them and many would recommend the ESP to another person. Feedback from autistic adults suggested ways that we might test the ESP in future studies. Overall, autistic adults in this study found the ESP to be useful and a worthwhile intervention to study more in the future. While more research is clearly needed, we hope that the brief nature of the ESP will make it helpful for autistic people who are trying to handle negative feelings during stressful life events. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231186035 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525 [article] The emotional support plan: Feasibility trials of a brief, telehealth-based mobile intervention to support coping for autistic adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Vanessa H. BAL, Auteur ; Annabelle M. MOURNET, Auteur ; Tori GLASCOCK, Auteur ; Jacqueline SHINALL, Auteur ; Gabrielle GUNIN, Auteur ; Nikita JADAV, Auteur ; Henry ZHANG, Auteur ; Emily BRENNAN, Auteur ; Emily ISTVAN, Auteur ; Evan M. KLEIMAN, Auteur . - p.932-944. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.932-944 Mots-clés : adults,autism spectrum disorders,interventions-psychosocial/behavioral Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Difficulties regulating emotions during periods of distress may contribute to the high rates of co-occurring depression and anxiety in autistic adults. The emotional support plan (ESP) is a brief intervention designed to support autistic adults to use positive coping skills during periods of distress. Thirty-six autistic adults participated in studies to assess the acceptability of the ESP intervention to cope with stressors during the COVID-19 pandemic and postsecondary education and feasibility of the study design elements to inform future trials. Most participants reported using strategies from their ESP; 86%-89% reported the intervention had a positive impact on them and 67%-71% would recommend it to another person. Completion of weekly monitoring and outcome assessments were high; ecological momentary assessment was more variable. The current results provide preliminary support for the acceptability of the ESP intervention. Important insights were also gained to inform feasibility of the design to assess its potential efficacy in future studies. While further research is clearly needed, the brief nature of the ESP may provide benefit as a starting point for those who may be proactively seeking support to cope with anticipated stressors or those who would benefit from guidance to promote emotion regulation during stressful life events. Lay abstract Autistic adults may have difficulty coping during stressful periods, which could make them more vulnerable to depression and anxiety. We designed the emotional support plan (ESP) to help autistic people find ways to cope in stressful situations. Thirty-six autistic adults created an ESP and answered questions about their opinions of the ESP. Most autistic adults found the ESP to have a positive impact on them and many would recommend the ESP to another person. Feedback from autistic adults suggested ways that we might test the ESP in future studies. Overall, autistic adults in this study found the ESP to be useful and a worthwhile intervention to study more in the future. While more research is clearly needed, we hope that the brief nature of the ESP will make it helpful for autistic people who are trying to handle negative feelings during stressful life events. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231186035 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525

Enhancing emotion recognition in young autistic children with or without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Hong Kong using a Chinese App version of The Transporters / Janice Ka-Yan CHAN in Autism, 28-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.945-958 Titre : Enhancing emotion recognition in young autistic children with or without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Hong Kong using a Chinese App version of The Transporters Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Janice Ka-Yan CHAN, Auteur ; Theodore Ching-Kong CHEUNG, Auteur ; Chi-Wai CHAN, Auteur ; Fan FANG, Auteur ; Kelly Yee-Ching LAI, Auteur ; Xiang SUN, Auteur ; Helen O?REILLY, Auteur ; Ofer GOLAN, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Patrick WING-LEUNG LEUNG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.945-958 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder,autism,autism spectrum disorder,Chinese,clinical trial,emotion recognition,The Transporters Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Transporters intervention contains 15 animated episodes that autistic children watch daily for a month and learn emotion recognition through stories depicting social interactions between vehicle characters with grafted human faces, expressing emotions. Its automated, home-based format is cost-effective. This study included four groups of young Chinese children in Hong Kong: two intervention groups (an autism intervention group and an autism?+?attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) intervention group), an autism control group and a non-autistic group. The autism?+?ADHD intervention group was one that had not been separately examined before. In this study, The Transporters episodes were delivered via an App instead of the dated DVD technology. Following The Transporters intervention, both autism and autism?+?ADHD intervention groups improved significantly and similarly on emotion recognition and were more like the non-autistic group, while the autism control group did not. Learning was generalizable to novel situations/characters. There was no dosage effect, with the standard recommended number of episodes viewed as sufficient for significant improvement. Besides confirming the effectiveness of The Transporters for young Chinese autistic children, this study contributes to the literature/practice by expanding the range of applicability of The Transporters to autistic children with ADHD, which is important given the high co-occurrence rate between autism and ADHD. Trial Registration: This study was registered with the German Clinical Trials Register - Deutschen Register Klinischer Studien (DRKS) on 23 December 2018. The Trial Registration Number (TRN) is DRKS00016506. Lay Abstract The Transporters App is an intervention programme with 15 animated episodes that teach emotion recognition skills to autistic children between 4 and 6?years of age. Each episode contains a story depicting social interactions between characters in the form of a vehicle, with human faces grafted on to each of them. Each episode teaches a specific emotion in a story context. Autistic children watched at least three episodes at home for about 15?min daily for a month, with parental guidance. Its automated, home-based format is cost-saving and readily accessible. This study translated The Transporters to a Cantonese-Chinese version. Results showed a significant improvement in emotion recognition following viewing The Transporters in a group of Hong Kong Chinese autistic children, between 4 and 6?years of age, with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (n = 48) relative to a control group (n = 24). A non-autistic group (n = 23) showed that the autistic children scored lower in emotion recognition pre-intervention. Post-intervention, the autistic children had improved in emotion recognition to the level of the non-autistic children. The autistic children in the intervention groups also generalized their learning to novel situations/characters not taught within The Transporters. There was no dosage effect, with the standard recommended number of episodes viewed being sufficient to achieve significant improvement. This study confirms the effectiveness of The Transporters for Chinese autistic children and contributes to the literature/practice by expanding the range of applicability of The Transporters to autistic children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, which is important given the high rate of co-occurrence between autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231187176 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525 [article] Enhancing emotion recognition in young autistic children with or without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Hong Kong using a Chinese App version of The Transporters [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Janice Ka-Yan CHAN, Auteur ; Theodore Ching-Kong CHEUNG, Auteur ; Chi-Wai CHAN, Auteur ; Fan FANG, Auteur ; Kelly Yee-Ching LAI, Auteur ; Xiang SUN, Auteur ; Helen O?REILLY, Auteur ; Ofer GOLAN, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Patrick WING-LEUNG LEUNG, Auteur . - p.945-958. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.945-958 Mots-clés : attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder,autism,autism spectrum disorder,Chinese,clinical trial,emotion recognition,The Transporters Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Transporters intervention contains 15 animated episodes that autistic children watch daily for a month and learn emotion recognition through stories depicting social interactions between vehicle characters with grafted human faces, expressing emotions. Its automated, home-based format is cost-effective. This study included four groups of young Chinese children in Hong Kong: two intervention groups (an autism intervention group and an autism?+?attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) intervention group), an autism control group and a non-autistic group. The autism?+?ADHD intervention group was one that had not been separately examined before. In this study, The Transporters episodes were delivered via an App instead of the dated DVD technology. Following The Transporters intervention, both autism and autism?+?ADHD intervention groups improved significantly and similarly on emotion recognition and were more like the non-autistic group, while the autism control group did not. Learning was generalizable to novel situations/characters. There was no dosage effect, with the standard recommended number of episodes viewed as sufficient for significant improvement. Besides confirming the effectiveness of The Transporters for young Chinese autistic children, this study contributes to the literature/practice by expanding the range of applicability of The Transporters to autistic children with ADHD, which is important given the high co-occurrence rate between autism and ADHD. Trial Registration: This study was registered with the German Clinical Trials Register - Deutschen Register Klinischer Studien (DRKS) on 23 December 2018. The Trial Registration Number (TRN) is DRKS00016506. Lay Abstract The Transporters App is an intervention programme with 15 animated episodes that teach emotion recognition skills to autistic children between 4 and 6?years of age. Each episode contains a story depicting social interactions between characters in the form of a vehicle, with human faces grafted on to each of them. Each episode teaches a specific emotion in a story context. Autistic children watched at least three episodes at home for about 15?min daily for a month, with parental guidance. Its automated, home-based format is cost-saving and readily accessible. This study translated The Transporters to a Cantonese-Chinese version. Results showed a significant improvement in emotion recognition following viewing The Transporters in a group of Hong Kong Chinese autistic children, between 4 and 6?years of age, with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (n = 48) relative to a control group (n = 24). A non-autistic group (n = 23) showed that the autistic children scored lower in emotion recognition pre-intervention. Post-intervention, the autistic children had improved in emotion recognition to the level of the non-autistic children. The autistic children in the intervention groups also generalized their learning to novel situations/characters not taught within The Transporters. There was no dosage effect, with the standard recommended number of episodes viewed being sufficient to achieve significant improvement. This study confirms the effectiveness of The Transporters for Chinese autistic children and contributes to the literature/practice by expanding the range of applicability of The Transporters to autistic children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, which is important given the high rate of co-occurrence between autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231187176 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525

Development of oral health resources and a mobile app for caregivers and autistic children through consensus building / Bing Liang TAN in Autism, 28-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.959-974 Titre : Development of oral health resources and a mobile app for caregivers and autistic children through consensus building Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Bing Liang TAN, Auteur ; Rahul NAIR, Auteur ; Mandeep Singh DUGGAL, Auteur ; Ramkumar AISHWORIYA, Auteur ; Huei Jinn TONG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.959-974 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism,Delphi,mobile app technology,oral health promotion Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study aimed to (1) develop evidence-based resources and (2) test face, content validity, and usability of a newly developed mobile application (app) to equip and empower caregivers with resources and skills to promote better oral health for autistic children. A series of resources on oral health, including information on oral diseases and home care and social stories on dental visits were developed. Concurrently, an app was developed by dentists, occupational therapist and software developers. The resources underwent content validation by an international panel of paediatric dentists (Expert Working Group). Face validation of the resources and usability testing of the app by parents were then carried out. Validation and feedback were obtained by the Delphi method, with consensus set at 70% agreement. A total of 12 resources and 2 social stories were developed. Consensus was achieved among the Expert Working Group regarding the content and illustrations of the resources and social stories. Both the Expert Working Group and parents agreed that the resources were easy to read and understand. Parents also found the app easy to use, aesthetically pleasing and help them to better care for their child?s oral health. Lay Abstract Caregivers of autistic children often lack knowledge regarding oral homecare and when and where to see the dentist. To address this need, we developed a series of information on oral health. An autistic child assisted in developing two social stories to showcase a dental visit. A mobile app was developed to deliver the above mentioned. Other features include creation of customised social stories and visual schedule and an inbox to allow dentists to send messages to parents. The developed information and social stories were reviewed by experts and parents. The app also underwent anonymous and independent testing by parents. Overall the information and app were well received by the experts and parents. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231188768 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525 [article] Development of oral health resources and a mobile app for caregivers and autistic children through consensus building [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Bing Liang TAN, Auteur ; Rahul NAIR, Auteur ; Mandeep Singh DUGGAL, Auteur ; Ramkumar AISHWORIYA, Auteur ; Huei Jinn TONG, Auteur . - p.959-974. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.959-974 Mots-clés : autism,Delphi,mobile app technology,oral health promotion Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study aimed to (1) develop evidence-based resources and (2) test face, content validity, and usability of a newly developed mobile application (app) to equip and empower caregivers with resources and skills to promote better oral health for autistic children. A series of resources on oral health, including information on oral diseases and home care and social stories on dental visits were developed. Concurrently, an app was developed by dentists, occupational therapist and software developers. The resources underwent content validation by an international panel of paediatric dentists (Expert Working Group). Face validation of the resources and usability testing of the app by parents were then carried out. Validation and feedback were obtained by the Delphi method, with consensus set at 70% agreement. A total of 12 resources and 2 social stories were developed. Consensus was achieved among the Expert Working Group regarding the content and illustrations of the resources and social stories. Both the Expert Working Group and parents agreed that the resources were easy to read and understand. Parents also found the app easy to use, aesthetically pleasing and help them to better care for their child?s oral health. Lay Abstract Caregivers of autistic children often lack knowledge regarding oral homecare and when and where to see the dentist. To address this need, we developed a series of information on oral health. An autistic child assisted in developing two social stories to showcase a dental visit. A mobile app was developed to deliver the above mentioned. Other features include creation of customised social stories and visual schedule and an inbox to allow dentists to send messages to parents. The developed information and social stories were reviewed by experts and parents. The app also underwent anonymous and independent testing by parents. Overall the information and app were well received by the experts and parents. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231188768 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525

Maternal obesity and diabetes during pregnancy and early autism screening score at well-child visits in standard clinical practice / Sarah A. CARTER in Autism, 28-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.975-984 Titre : Maternal obesity and diabetes during pregnancy and early autism screening score at well-child visits in standard clinical practice Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sarah A. CARTER, Auteur ; Jane C. LIN, Auteur ; Ting CHOW, Auteur ; Mayra P. MARTINEZ, Auteur ; Jasmin M. ALVES, Auteur ; Klara R. FELDMAN, Auteur ; Chunyuan QIU, Auteur ; Kathleen A. PAGE, Auteur ; Rob MCCONNELL, Auteur ; Anny H. XIANG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.975-984 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders,early screening tools,maternal diabetes,maternal obesity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Early intervention can reduce disability in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Screening for autism spectrum disorder in young children identifies those at increased likelihood of diagnosis who may need further support. This study assessed in utero exposure to maternal obesity and diabetes and offspring performance on the Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, an autism spectrum disorder screening questionnaire administered between 18 and 24?months at well-child visits. This retrospective cohort study included 65,433 singletons born in a single healthcare system. Demographic data, maternal obesity, Type 1/Type 2 and gestational diabetes mellitus information, and Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers score in children 12-30?months old were extracted from electronic medical records. Negative binomial models were used to estimate incidence rate ratios of associations between maternal obesity and diabetes exposure and continuous offspring Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers scores. Maternal obesity, Type 1/Type 2 diabetes (incidence rate ratio: 1.13, 1.06-1.21) and gestational diabetes mellitus???26?weeks (incidence rate ratio: 1.10, 1.05-1.17) were associated with one-unit increases in Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers scores. Relationships with obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus???26?weeks remained after mutual adjustment and excluding children with autism spectrum disorder diagnoses. No associations were reported for gestational diabetes mellitus > 26?weeks. Maternal obesity and diabetes were associated with higher Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers scores in children 12-30?months old, suggesting these exposures in pregnancy may be associated with a range of early childhood behavior. Lay Abstract Early intervention and treatment can help reduce disability in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Screening for autism spectrum disorder in young children identifies those at increased likelihood of diagnosis who may need further support. Previous research has reported that exposure to maternal obesity and diabetes during pregnancy is associated with higher likelihood of autism spectrum disorder diagnosis in children. However, little is known about whether these maternal conditions are associated with how very young children score on autism spectrum disorder screening tools. This study examined associations between exposure to maternal obesity and diabetes during pregnancy and offspring scores on the Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, an autism spectrum disorder screening questionnaire administered between 18-24?months at well-child visits. A higher score on the Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers suggests a higher likelihood of autism spectrum disorder; children with scores 3 or greater are referred to developmental pediatricians for evaluation. Our study found that children of mothers with obesity or diabetes during pregnancy had higher scores than children whose mothers did not have these conditions. Associations with maternal obesity and gestational diabetes diagnosed at or before 26?weeks of pregnancy were also present in children who did not have later autism spectrum disorder diagnoses, suggesting that exposure to these conditions during early pregnancy may be associated with a broad range of social and behavioral abilities. Identifying associations between maternal health conditions and early Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers screening scores could influence future screening and provision of support for children of mothers with these conditions. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231188876 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525 [article] Maternal obesity and diabetes during pregnancy and early autism screening score at well-child visits in standard clinical practice [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sarah A. CARTER, Auteur ; Jane C. LIN, Auteur ; Ting CHOW, Auteur ; Mayra P. MARTINEZ, Auteur ; Jasmin M. ALVES, Auteur ; Klara R. FELDMAN, Auteur ; Chunyuan QIU, Auteur ; Kathleen A. PAGE, Auteur ; Rob MCCONNELL, Auteur ; Anny H. XIANG, Auteur . - p.975-984. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.975-984 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders,early screening tools,maternal diabetes,maternal obesity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Early intervention can reduce disability in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Screening for autism spectrum disorder in young children identifies those at increased likelihood of diagnosis who may need further support. This study assessed in utero exposure to maternal obesity and diabetes and offspring performance on the Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, an autism spectrum disorder screening questionnaire administered between 18 and 24?months at well-child visits. This retrospective cohort study included 65,433 singletons born in a single healthcare system. Demographic data, maternal obesity, Type 1/Type 2 and gestational diabetes mellitus information, and Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers score in children 12-30?months old were extracted from electronic medical records. Negative binomial models were used to estimate incidence rate ratios of associations between maternal obesity and diabetes exposure and continuous offspring Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers scores. Maternal obesity, Type 1/Type 2 diabetes (incidence rate ratio: 1.13, 1.06-1.21) and gestational diabetes mellitus???26?weeks (incidence rate ratio: 1.10, 1.05-1.17) were associated with one-unit increases in Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers scores. Relationships with obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus???26?weeks remained after mutual adjustment and excluding children with autism spectrum disorder diagnoses. No associations were reported for gestational diabetes mellitus > 26?weeks. Maternal obesity and diabetes were associated with higher Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers scores in children 12-30?months old, suggesting these exposures in pregnancy may be associated with a range of early childhood behavior. Lay Abstract Early intervention and treatment can help reduce disability in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Screening for autism spectrum disorder in young children identifies those at increased likelihood of diagnosis who may need further support. Previous research has reported that exposure to maternal obesity and diabetes during pregnancy is associated with higher likelihood of autism spectrum disorder diagnosis in children. However, little is known about whether these maternal conditions are associated with how very young children score on autism spectrum disorder screening tools. This study examined associations between exposure to maternal obesity and diabetes during pregnancy and offspring scores on the Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, an autism spectrum disorder screening questionnaire administered between 18-24?months at well-child visits. A higher score on the Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers suggests a higher likelihood of autism spectrum disorder; children with scores 3 or greater are referred to developmental pediatricians for evaluation. Our study found that children of mothers with obesity or diabetes during pregnancy had higher scores than children whose mothers did not have these conditions. Associations with maternal obesity and gestational diabetes diagnosed at or before 26?weeks of pregnancy were also present in children who did not have later autism spectrum disorder diagnoses, suggesting that exposure to these conditions during early pregnancy may be associated with a broad range of social and behavioral abilities. Identifying associations between maternal health conditions and early Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers screening scores could influence future screening and provision of support for children of mothers with these conditions. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231188876 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525

Comparative effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction and psychoeducational support on parenting stress in families of autistic preschoolers / Cameron L. NEECE in Autism, 28-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.985-998 Titre : Comparative effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction and psychoeducational support on parenting stress in families of autistic preschoolers Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Cameron L. NEECE, Auteur ; Rachel M. FENNING, Auteur ; Holly ER MORRELL, Auteur ; Laurel R. BENJAMIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.985-998 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder,mindfulness,parenting stress,preschoolers Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Relative to parents of children with neurotypical development and other developmental disabilities, parents of autistic children experience higher levels of parenting stress, which are associated with deleterious consequences for parents' mental and physical health and child functioning. Despite urgent calls to action, parenting stress is rarely addressed directly in interventions for families of autistic children, and less so in underserved and racial/ethnic minority populations where clinical needs are greater. This study tested the efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction, compared to a psychoeducation and support intervention, in reducing parenting stress among diverse families of autistic preschoolers. Participants (N = 117) were randomly assigned to the mindfulness-based stress reduction or psychoeducation and support groups; assessments were conducted at baseline, immediately postintervention, and 6 and 12?months postintervention. Results indicated significant reductions in parenting stress across both the mindfulness-based stress reduction and psychoeducation and support intervention conditions; however, reductions in parenting stress were greater for parents in mindfulness-based stress reduction than in psychoeducation and support. Furthermore, the benefit of mindfulness-based stress reduction relative to psychoeducation and support increased over time, with significant group differences in parenting stress detected at 12-month follow-up. Lay abstract Parents of autistic children often experience high levels of parenting stress, which can have negative mental and physical effects on both the parent and child. This study tested the efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction in reducing parenting stress in parents of preschool-aged autistic children compared to a psychoeducation and support intervention. We assessed parenting stress before and after the interventions and at 6- and 12-month follow-up. Both interventions significantly decreased parenting stress, but mindfulness-based stress reduction reduced stress more than did psychoeducation and support, with the strongest effect observed 1 year later. This suggests that the stress-reducing benefits of mindfulness-based stress reduction persist and may increase over time. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231191558 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525 [article] Comparative effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction and psychoeducational support on parenting stress in families of autistic preschoolers [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Cameron L. NEECE, Auteur ; Rachel M. FENNING, Auteur ; Holly ER MORRELL, Auteur ; Laurel R. BENJAMIN, Auteur . - p.985-998. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.985-998 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder,mindfulness,parenting stress,preschoolers Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Relative to parents of children with neurotypical development and other developmental disabilities, parents of autistic children experience higher levels of parenting stress, which are associated with deleterious consequences for parents' mental and physical health and child functioning. Despite urgent calls to action, parenting stress is rarely addressed directly in interventions for families of autistic children, and less so in underserved and racial/ethnic minority populations where clinical needs are greater. This study tested the efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction, compared to a psychoeducation and support intervention, in reducing parenting stress among diverse families of autistic preschoolers. Participants (N = 117) were randomly assigned to the mindfulness-based stress reduction or psychoeducation and support groups; assessments were conducted at baseline, immediately postintervention, and 6 and 12?months postintervention. Results indicated significant reductions in parenting stress across both the mindfulness-based stress reduction and psychoeducation and support intervention conditions; however, reductions in parenting stress were greater for parents in mindfulness-based stress reduction than in psychoeducation and support. Furthermore, the benefit of mindfulness-based stress reduction relative to psychoeducation and support increased over time, with significant group differences in parenting stress detected at 12-month follow-up. Lay abstract Parents of autistic children often experience high levels of parenting stress, which can have negative mental and physical effects on both the parent and child. This study tested the efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction in reducing parenting stress in parents of preschool-aged autistic children compared to a psychoeducation and support intervention. We assessed parenting stress before and after the interventions and at 6- and 12-month follow-up. Both interventions significantly decreased parenting stress, but mindfulness-based stress reduction reduced stress more than did psychoeducation and support, with the strongest effect observed 1 year later. This suggests that the stress-reducing benefits of mindfulness-based stress reduction persist and may increase over time. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231191558 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525

Autistic adults show enhanced generosity to socially distant others / Paul AG FORBES in Autism, 28-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.999-1009 Titre : Autistic adults show enhanced generosity to socially distant others Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Paul AG FORBES, Auteur ; Irini CHALIANI, Auteur ; Leonhard SCHILBACH, Auteur ; Tobias KALENSCHER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.999-1009 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : decision-making,framing effect,prosocial behaviour,psychological theories of autism,social discounting,social distance Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Sharing resources is fundamental for human cooperation and survival. People tend to share resources more with individuals they feel close to compared to those who are more socially distant. This decline in generosity at increasing social distance is called social discounting and is influenced by both social traits and abilities, such as empathy, and non-social psychological factors, such as decision-making biases. People who receive a diagnosis of autism show differences in social interaction as well as displaying differences in non-social domains, such as more restricted and repetitive behaviours. We investigated social discounting in autism and found that autistic adults were more generous than neurotypical participants, which was driven by greater generosity to socially distant others. Crucially, we also investigated framing effects during prosocial decision-making. Autistic participants were less susceptible to whether decisions were framed as causing monetary gains, compared to preventing monetary losses, for the potential recipient. Our results support the view of 'enhanced rationality' in autism as participants' prosocial decisions were less influenced by potential biasing information, such as the closeness of the recipient or how choices were framed. Therefore, the differences seen in autism, as well as posing certain challenges, can also have prosocial consequences. Lay abstract Autistic people show differences in their social behaviour. But how autism affects decisions to share resources, an important part of cooperation, was previously unclear. In our study, participants made decisions about how to share money with different people, including people they felt close to, such as a friend, and people they felt less close to, such as a stranger. We found that compared to a group of non-autistic participants, autistic adults shared more money overall and this was driven by greater generosity to strangers. The results suggest that autistic adults were more generous because they made fair decisions (an equal split of the money) more consistently regardless of how close they felt to the person they were sharing with. By showing that autistic adults display greater generosity, our results could help to change public perceptions of autism and potentially improve opportunities for autistic people. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231190674 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525 [article] Autistic adults show enhanced generosity to socially distant others [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Paul AG FORBES, Auteur ; Irini CHALIANI, Auteur ; Leonhard SCHILBACH, Auteur ; Tobias KALENSCHER, Auteur . - p.999-1009. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.999-1009 Mots-clés : decision-making,framing effect,prosocial behaviour,psychological theories of autism,social discounting,social distance Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Sharing resources is fundamental for human cooperation and survival. People tend to share resources more with individuals they feel close to compared to those who are more socially distant. This decline in generosity at increasing social distance is called social discounting and is influenced by both social traits and abilities, such as empathy, and non-social psychological factors, such as decision-making biases. People who receive a diagnosis of autism show differences in social interaction as well as displaying differences in non-social domains, such as more restricted and repetitive behaviours. We investigated social discounting in autism and found that autistic adults were more generous than neurotypical participants, which was driven by greater generosity to socially distant others. Crucially, we also investigated framing effects during prosocial decision-making. Autistic participants were less susceptible to whether decisions were framed as causing monetary gains, compared to preventing monetary losses, for the potential recipient. Our results support the view of 'enhanced rationality' in autism as participants' prosocial decisions were less influenced by potential biasing information, such as the closeness of the recipient or how choices were framed. Therefore, the differences seen in autism, as well as posing certain challenges, can also have prosocial consequences. Lay abstract Autistic people show differences in their social behaviour. But how autism affects decisions to share resources, an important part of cooperation, was previously unclear. In our study, participants made decisions about how to share money with different people, including people they felt close to, such as a friend, and people they felt less close to, such as a stranger. We found that compared to a group of non-autistic participants, autistic adults shared more money overall and this was driven by greater generosity to strangers. The results suggest that autistic adults were more generous because they made fair decisions (an equal split of the money) more consistently regardless of how close they felt to the person they were sharing with. By showing that autistic adults display greater generosity, our results could help to change public perceptions of autism and potentially improve opportunities for autistic people. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231190674 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525

Digital citizenship of children and youth with autism: Developing guidelines and strategies for caregivers and clinicians to support healthy use of screens / Yael MAYER in Autism, 28-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.1010-1028 Titre : Digital citizenship of children and youth with autism: Developing guidelines and strategies for caregivers and clinicians to support healthy use of screens Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Yael MAYER, Auteur ; Mor COHEN-EILIG, Auteur ; Janice CHAN, Auteur ; Natasha KUZYK, Auteur ; Armansa GLODJO, Auteur ; Tal JARUS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1010-1028 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism,caregivers and clinicians,children and youth,digital citizenship,guidelines,screen time use Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Over the past few years, screen-based usage among children and youth has increased significantly, particularly among those with autism. Yet current screen time guidelines do not address the specific needs of autistic children and youth. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop specific and clear guidelines and strategies that caregivers and expert clinicians agree upon to support the digital citizenship of children with autism. Using the Delphi method, 30 experts, including 20 clinicians and 10 caregivers, were invited to complete a series of three surveys. The experts had to rate their agreement levels on a series of statements that included possible guidelines and strategies. The final statements to be included in the guidelines were accepted by more than 75% of the panel. The final guidelines included six sections: (1) general principles, (2) considerations for timing and content of leisure screen time use, (3) strategies for caregivers and clinicians to monitor and regulate screen time use, (4) behaviors to monitor for screen time overuse, (5) additional guidelines for clinicians, and (6) resources. The agreed-upon guidelines developed in this study could be the stepping stones for clinical interventions targeting screen time overuse of children with autism, addressing the screen time challenges that many families are experiencing. Lay Abstract Children and youth with autism use screens in their daily lives and in their rehabilitation programs. Although parents and clinicians experience specific challenges when supporting positive screen time use of children and youth with autism, no detailed information for this group exists. Therefore, this study aimed to develop clear guidelines that are agreed by expert clinicians and parents of children and youth with autism. Using a method called Delphi, 30 experts-20 clinicians and 10 caregivers, who have experience working with or caring for children and youth with autism were invited to complete a series of three surveys. In each round, the experts had to rate their agreement with statements regarding screen time management. The agreement level was set to 75%. The final themes to be included in the guidelines were accepted by more than 75% of the panel. The final guidelines included six main sections: (1) general principles, (2) considerations for timing and content of leisure screen time use, (3) strategies for caregivers and clinicians to monitor and regulate screen time use, (4) behaviors to monitor for screen time overuse, (5) additional guidelines for clinicians, and (6) resources. The new guidelines developed in this study can provide potential guidance on how to further the development of digital citizenship for children and youth with autism and provide strategies to families to help manage screen time use. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231192870 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526 [article] Digital citizenship of children and youth with autism: Developing guidelines and strategies for caregivers and clinicians to support healthy use of screens [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Yael MAYER, Auteur ; Mor COHEN-EILIG, Auteur ; Janice CHAN, Auteur ; Natasha KUZYK, Auteur ; Armansa GLODJO, Auteur ; Tal JARUS, Auteur . - p.1010-1028. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.1010-1028 Mots-clés : autism,caregivers and clinicians,children and youth,digital citizenship,guidelines,screen time use Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Over the past few years, screen-based usage among children and youth has increased significantly, particularly among those with autism. Yet current screen time guidelines do not address the specific needs of autistic children and youth. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop specific and clear guidelines and strategies that caregivers and expert clinicians agree upon to support the digital citizenship of children with autism. Using the Delphi method, 30 experts, including 20 clinicians and 10 caregivers, were invited to complete a series of three surveys. The experts had to rate their agreement levels on a series of statements that included possible guidelines and strategies. The final statements to be included in the guidelines were accepted by more than 75% of the panel. The final guidelines included six sections: (1) general principles, (2) considerations for timing and content of leisure screen time use, (3) strategies for caregivers and clinicians to monitor and regulate screen time use, (4) behaviors to monitor for screen time overuse, (5) additional guidelines for clinicians, and (6) resources. The agreed-upon guidelines developed in this study could be the stepping stones for clinical interventions targeting screen time overuse of children with autism, addressing the screen time challenges that many families are experiencing. Lay Abstract Children and youth with autism use screens in their daily lives and in their rehabilitation programs. Although parents and clinicians experience specific challenges when supporting positive screen time use of children and youth with autism, no detailed information for this group exists. Therefore, this study aimed to develop clear guidelines that are agreed by expert clinicians and parents of children and youth with autism. Using a method called Delphi, 30 experts-20 clinicians and 10 caregivers, who have experience working with or caring for children and youth with autism were invited to complete a series of three surveys. In each round, the experts had to rate their agreement with statements regarding screen time management. The agreement level was set to 75%. The final themes to be included in the guidelines were accepted by more than 75% of the panel. The final guidelines included six main sections: (1) general principles, (2) considerations for timing and content of leisure screen time use, (3) strategies for caregivers and clinicians to monitor and regulate screen time use, (4) behaviors to monitor for screen time overuse, (5) additional guidelines for clinicians, and (6) resources. The new guidelines developed in this study can provide potential guidance on how to further the development of digital citizenship for children and youth with autism and provide strategies to families to help manage screen time use. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231192870 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526

A comparison of the presentations of males and females with autism spectrum disorder and those narrowly below the diagnostic threshold / Joanna M. TSIRGIOTIS in Autism, 28-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.1029-1044 Titre : A comparison of the presentations of males and females with autism spectrum disorder and those narrowly below the diagnostic threshold Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Joanna M. TSIRGIOTIS, Auteur ; Robyn L. YOUNG, Auteur ; Nathan WEBER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1029-1044 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism,female presentation,gender,sex Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Little is currently known about the autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-related difficulties of females narrowly below the ASD diagnostic threshold and whether the disorder conceptualisation should be broadened to capture their presentations. We extracted fine-grained information from the assessment reports of 222 children who were either diagnosed with ASD (n = 156) or not diagnosed despite many ASD traits (n = 78). Females were less likely than males to meet Criterion B3 (restricted interests), and this was especially the case for subclinical (non-ASD) females. Non-ASD females lacked sufficient atypicality for diagnosis in several key domains, particularly Criterion A1 (social-emotional reciprocity). Evidence of sex/gender1-specific restricted interests and stereotypical behaviours was found. Many behaviours differed in the extent to which they predicted the ASD diagnostic result for males and females, perhaps suggesting that sex/gender influences how ASD-related behaviours are perceived. We discuss these findings in the context of underdiagnosis of ASD in females and propose adjustments to assessment protocols. Lay Abstract Most research about autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in females has looked at autistic features in people who have already received diagnoses. Because our understanding of ASD has been shaped by the difficulties of males, females may experience different difficulties and may not meet the criteria for diagnosis because of a skewed concept of ASD. We extracted detailed information from the assessment reports of 222 children who were either diagnosed with ASD (156 children) or not diagnosed despite many ASD traits (78 children). Females were less likely to have restricted interests, especially females who did not receive an ASD diagnosis. Females who did not receive an ASD diagnosis tended to show more ability in social and emotional reciprocity than what would qualify them for a diagnosis. We also found sex-/gender-specific profiles of body use and speech mannerisms. Many behaviours were more closely linked with an ASD diagnosis for males and others for females, suggesting that behaviours may be interpreted differently depending on the child?s sex/gender. We discuss implications for assessing females for ASD in the context of this evidence. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231190682 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526 [article] A comparison of the presentations of males and females with autism spectrum disorder and those narrowly below the diagnostic threshold [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Joanna M. TSIRGIOTIS, Auteur ; Robyn L. YOUNG, Auteur ; Nathan WEBER, Auteur . - p.1029-1044. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.1029-1044 Mots-clés : autism,female presentation,gender,sex Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Little is currently known about the autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-related difficulties of females narrowly below the ASD diagnostic threshold and whether the disorder conceptualisation should be broadened to capture their presentations. We extracted fine-grained information from the assessment reports of 222 children who were either diagnosed with ASD (n = 156) or not diagnosed despite many ASD traits (n = 78). Females were less likely than males to meet Criterion B3 (restricted interests), and this was especially the case for subclinical (non-ASD) females. Non-ASD females lacked sufficient atypicality for diagnosis in several key domains, particularly Criterion A1 (social-emotional reciprocity). Evidence of sex/gender1-specific restricted interests and stereotypical behaviours was found. Many behaviours differed in the extent to which they predicted the ASD diagnostic result for males and females, perhaps suggesting that sex/gender influences how ASD-related behaviours are perceived. We discuss these findings in the context of underdiagnosis of ASD in females and propose adjustments to assessment protocols. Lay Abstract Most research about autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in females has looked at autistic features in people who have already received diagnoses. Because our understanding of ASD has been shaped by the difficulties of males, females may experience different difficulties and may not meet the criteria for diagnosis because of a skewed concept of ASD. We extracted detailed information from the assessment reports of 222 children who were either diagnosed with ASD (156 children) or not diagnosed despite many ASD traits (78 children). Females were less likely to have restricted interests, especially females who did not receive an ASD diagnosis. Females who did not receive an ASD diagnosis tended to show more ability in social and emotional reciprocity than what would qualify them for a diagnosis. We also found sex-/gender-specific profiles of body use and speech mannerisms. Many behaviours were more closely linked with an ASD diagnosis for males and others for females, suggesting that behaviours may be interpreted differently depending on the child?s sex/gender. We discuss implications for assessing females for ASD in the context of this evidence. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231190682 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526

Disclosing an autism diagnosis improves ratings of candidate performance in employment interviews / Jade Eloise NORRIS in Autism, 28-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.1045-1050 Titre : Disclosing an autism diagnosis improves ratings of candidate performance in employment interviews Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jade Eloise NORRIS, Auteur ; Rachel PROSSER, Auteur ; Anna REMINGTON, Auteur ; Laura CRANE, Auteur ; Katie MARAS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1045-1050 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults,autism spectrum disorders,cognition (attention, learning, memory),communication and language,policy,professional development,quality of life,vocational/labour force participation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Employment interviews can be challenging for autistic people. In addition to standard interview procedures often being inaccessible, features associated with autism (including atypical emotional expression, eye-contact, and gestures) may lead to negative first impressions. Research using vignettes and 'thin slices' of communication indicate that perceptions of an autistic individual can be improved when their autism diagnosis is disclosed. Here, we examined the impact of diagnostic disclosure on judgements of autistic adults undergoing an entire mock employment interview. A total of 119 participants (known as 'raters') watched a video of an autistic candidate?s mock employment interview, after which they provided overall impressions of the candidate on factors such as confidence, motivation, and knowledgeability. Raters were either (1) unaware of the interviewee?s diagnosis, (2) aware of their diagnosis, or (3) aware of their diagnosis and provided with information about autism. Results indicate that diagnostic disclosure improved perceptions of autistic candidates across all dimensions compared to when raters were unaware of their diagnosis. The provision of additional information about the diagnosis did not further improve ratings. The findings have important implications for employers and autistic people, who should consider the potential impact of diagnostic disclosure prior to interviewing for a role. Lay Abstract Employment interviews are challenging for many autistic people, for example, due to difficulties with interpreting questions. Autistic people also have differences in non-verbal communication, such as emotional expression, eye-contact, and gestures, with research showing that these factors negatively affect first impressions. Some studies have shown that perceptions of autistic people are more positive when the person observing them, such as an interviewer, is already aware of their diagnosis. However, previous research has not studied how disclosing one?s autism diagnosis affects perceptions of a candidate undergoing a full employment interview. Participants in this study acted as raters, who watched a video of an autistic person undergoing a mock employment interview with a researcher, and then rated their overall impressions of them on factors important to real-world hiring decisions, such as confidence, motivation, and knowledgeability. Prior to watching the interview, raters were either (1) not aware of the interviewee?s diagnosis, (2) made aware of their diagnosis, or (3) made aware of their diagnosis and provided with additional information about autism, such as differences in behaviours and communication. The results show that disclosing an autism diagnosis improved ratings compared to not disclosing the diagnosis. Providing additional information about autism alongside the diagnostic label did not improve ratings further. The findings are important for employers and autistic people; employers should consider improving procedures by which autistic people can disclose their diagnosis prior to interview should they wish, and autistic people may wish to consider the potential benefits of disclosing their diagnosis. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231203739 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526 [article] Disclosing an autism diagnosis improves ratings of candidate performance in employment interviews [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jade Eloise NORRIS, Auteur ; Rachel PROSSER, Auteur ; Anna REMINGTON, Auteur ; Laura CRANE, Auteur ; Katie MARAS, Auteur . - p.1045-1050. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.1045-1050 Mots-clés : adults,autism spectrum disorders,cognition (attention, learning, memory),communication and language,policy,professional development,quality of life,vocational/labour force participation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Employment interviews can be challenging for autistic people. In addition to standard interview procedures often being inaccessible, features associated with autism (including atypical emotional expression, eye-contact, and gestures) may lead to negative first impressions. Research using vignettes and 'thin slices' of communication indicate that perceptions of an autistic individual can be improved when their autism diagnosis is disclosed. Here, we examined the impact of diagnostic disclosure on judgements of autistic adults undergoing an entire mock employment interview. A total of 119 participants (known as 'raters') watched a video of an autistic candidate?s mock employment interview, after which they provided overall impressions of the candidate on factors such as confidence, motivation, and knowledgeability. Raters were either (1) unaware of the interviewee?s diagnosis, (2) aware of their diagnosis, or (3) aware of their diagnosis and provided with information about autism. Results indicate that diagnostic disclosure improved perceptions of autistic candidates across all dimensions compared to when raters were unaware of their diagnosis. The provision of additional information about the diagnosis did not further improve ratings. The findings have important implications for employers and autistic people, who should consider the potential impact of diagnostic disclosure prior to interviewing for a role. Lay Abstract Employment interviews are challenging for many autistic people, for example, due to difficulties with interpreting questions. Autistic people also have differences in non-verbal communication, such as emotional expression, eye-contact, and gestures, with research showing that these factors negatively affect first impressions. Some studies have shown that perceptions of autistic people are more positive when the person observing them, such as an interviewer, is already aware of their diagnosis. However, previous research has not studied how disclosing one?s autism diagnosis affects perceptions of a candidate undergoing a full employment interview. Participants in this study acted as raters, who watched a video of an autistic person undergoing a mock employment interview with a researcher, and then rated their overall impressions of them on factors important to real-world hiring decisions, such as confidence, motivation, and knowledgeability. Prior to watching the interview, raters were either (1) not aware of the interviewee?s diagnosis, (2) made aware of their diagnosis, or (3) made aware of their diagnosis and provided with additional information about autism, such as differences in behaviours and communication. The results show that disclosing an autism diagnosis improved ratings compared to not disclosing the diagnosis. Providing additional information about autism alongside the diagnostic label did not improve ratings further. The findings are important for employers and autistic people; employers should consider improving procedures by which autistic people can disclose their diagnosis prior to interview should they wish, and autistic people may wish to consider the potential benefits of disclosing their diagnosis. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231203739 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526

Listening to autistic voices regarding competing for social status / Catherine CALDWELL-HARRIS in Autism, 28-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.1051-1052 Titre : Listening to autistic voices regarding competing for social status Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Catherine CALDWELL-HARRIS, Auteur ; Anna M. SCHWARTZ, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1051-1052 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults,psychological theories of autism,social cognition and social behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic atypicality sociality has been historically attributed to mentalizing deficits. Examination of specific domains of social functioning could broaden the explanatory possibilities. We illustrate this for the domain of navigating social hierarchies. We review writings by autistic people, including advice books, memoirs, book reviews, online discussion posts, and the mission-statement of an autistic-led organization. These suggest that autistic people find status-seeking illogical, and prefer egalitarian relationships. Researchers are urged to study status seeking (and its avoidance) in autistic individuals, an approach that could illuminate autistic ethical strengths. Lay abstract Human social organizations are complex. Yet little research exists on autistic people?s attitudes about social hierarchies. Clinicians and the medical establishment regard social deficits as a key aspect of autism. If social deficits are paramount, then we expect autistic people to have difficulty navigating social hierarchies. We reject the premise of social deficits (while acknowledging that social misunderstandings interfere in the daily life of autistics) but suggest that researchers learn by listening to what autistic adults say about social hierarchies. We review writings by autistic people, including advice books, memoirs, book reviews, online discussion posts, and the mission-statement of an autistic-led organization. These suggest that autistic people find status-seeking illogical and prefer egalitarian relationships. The consistency of these themes across different types of writings is a reason for researchers to systematically study reduced status-seeking in autistic individuals. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231217057 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526 [article] Listening to autistic voices regarding competing for social status [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Catherine CALDWELL-HARRIS, Auteur ; Anna M. SCHWARTZ, Auteur . - p.1051-1052. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.1051-1052 Mots-clés : adults,psychological theories of autism,social cognition and social behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic atypicality sociality has been historically attributed to mentalizing deficits. Examination of specific domains of social functioning could broaden the explanatory possibilities. We illustrate this for the domain of navigating social hierarchies. We review writings by autistic people, including advice books, memoirs, book reviews, online discussion posts, and the mission-statement of an autistic-led organization. These suggest that autistic people find status-seeking illogical, and prefer egalitarian relationships. Researchers are urged to study status seeking (and its avoidance) in autistic individuals, an approach that could illuminate autistic ethical strengths. Lay abstract Human social organizations are complex. Yet little research exists on autistic people?s attitudes about social hierarchies. Clinicians and the medical establishment regard social deficits as a key aspect of autism. If social deficits are paramount, then we expect autistic people to have difficulty navigating social hierarchies. We reject the premise of social deficits (while acknowledging that social misunderstandings interfere in the daily life of autistics) but suggest that researchers learn by listening to what autistic adults say about social hierarchies. We review writings by autistic people, including advice books, memoirs, book reviews, online discussion posts, and the mission-statement of an autistic-led organization. These suggest that autistic people find status-seeking illogical and prefer egalitarian relationships. The consistency of these themes across different types of writings is a reason for researchers to systematically study reduced status-seeking in autistic individuals. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231217057 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=526