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Détail de l'auteur
Auteur Naomi R. WRAY |
Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur (2)
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Research Review: Polygenic methods and their application to psychiatric traits / Naomi R. WRAY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-10 (October 2014)
[article]
Titre : Research Review: Polygenic methods and their application to psychiatric traits Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Naomi R. WRAY, Auteur ; Sang Hong LEE, Auteur ; Divya MEHTA, Auteur ; Anna A. E. VINKHUYZEN, Auteur ; Frank DUDBRIDGE, Auteur ; Christel M. MIDDELDORP, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1068-1087 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Polygenic risk scoring genome-wide association studies psychiatric disorders heritability SNP analyses disease traits Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Despite evidence from twin and family studies for an important contribution of genetic factors to both childhood and adult onset psychiatric disorders, identifying robustly associated specific DNA variants has proved challenging. In the pregenomics era the genetic architecture (number, frequency and effect size of risk variants) of complex genetic disorders was unknown. Empirical evidence for the genetic architecture of psychiatric disorders is emerging from the genetic studies of the last 5 years. Methods and scope We review the methods investigating the polygenic nature of complex disorders. We provide mini-guides to genomic profile (or polygenic) risk scoring and to estimation of variance (or heritability) from common SNPs; a glossary of key terms is also provided. We review results of applications of the methods to psychiatric disorders and related traits and consider how these methods inform on missing heritability, hidden heritability and still-missing heritability. Findings Genome-wide genotyping and sequencing studies are providing evidence that psychiatric disorders are truly polygenic, that is they have a genetic architecture of many genetic variants, including risk variants that are both common and rare in the population. Sample sizes published to date are mostly underpowered to detect effect sizes of the magnitude presented by nature, and these effect sizes may be constrained by the biological validity of the diagnostic constructs. Conclusions Increasing the sample size for genome wide association studies of psychiatric disorders will lead to the identification of more associated genetic variants, as already found for schizophrenia. These loci provide the starting point of functional analyses that might eventually lead to new prevention and treatment options and to improved biological validity of diagnostic constructs. Polygenic analyses will contribute further to our understanding of complex genetic traits as sample sizes increase and as sample resources become richer in phenotypic descriptors, both in terms of clinical symptoms and of nongenetic risk factors. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12295 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-10 (October 2014) . - p.1068-1087[article] Research Review: Polygenic methods and their application to psychiatric traits [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Naomi R. WRAY, Auteur ; Sang Hong LEE, Auteur ; Divya MEHTA, Auteur ; Anna A. E. VINKHUYZEN, Auteur ; Frank DUDBRIDGE, Auteur ; Christel M. MIDDELDORP, Auteur . - p.1068-1087.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-10 (October 2014) . - p.1068-1087
Mots-clés : Polygenic risk scoring genome-wide association studies psychiatric disorders heritability SNP analyses disease traits Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Despite evidence from twin and family studies for an important contribution of genetic factors to both childhood and adult onset psychiatric disorders, identifying robustly associated specific DNA variants has proved challenging. In the pregenomics era the genetic architecture (number, frequency and effect size of risk variants) of complex genetic disorders was unknown. Empirical evidence for the genetic architecture of psychiatric disorders is emerging from the genetic studies of the last 5 years. Methods and scope We review the methods investigating the polygenic nature of complex disorders. We provide mini-guides to genomic profile (or polygenic) risk scoring and to estimation of variance (or heritability) from common SNPs; a glossary of key terms is also provided. We review results of applications of the methods to psychiatric disorders and related traits and consider how these methods inform on missing heritability, hidden heritability and still-missing heritability. Findings Genome-wide genotyping and sequencing studies are providing evidence that psychiatric disorders are truly polygenic, that is they have a genetic architecture of many genetic variants, including risk variants that are both common and rare in the population. Sample sizes published to date are mostly underpowered to detect effect sizes of the magnitude presented by nature, and these effect sizes may be constrained by the biological validity of the diagnostic constructs. Conclusions Increasing the sample size for genome wide association studies of psychiatric disorders will lead to the identification of more associated genetic variants, as already found for schizophrenia. These loci provide the starting point of functional analyses that might eventually lead to new prevention and treatment options and to improved biological validity of diagnostic constructs. Polygenic analyses will contribute further to our understanding of complex genetic traits as sample sizes increase and as sample resources become richer in phenotypic descriptors, both in terms of clinical symptoms and of nongenetic risk factors. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12295 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238 Research Review: The role of cytokines in depression in adolescents: a systematic review / Natalie T. MILLS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-8 (August 2013)
[article]
Titre : Research Review: The role of cytokines in depression in adolescents: a systematic review Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Natalie T. MILLS, Auteur ; James G. SCOTT, Auteur ; Naomi R. WRAY, Auteur ; Sarah COHEN-WOODS, Auteur ; BERNHARD T. BAUNE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.816-835 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Cytokines inflammation immune system MDD cognition stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background While cytokines have been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression in adults, the potential role in younger age groups such as adolescents is less clear. This article therefore reviews the literature (a) to explore the relationship between cytokines and depression in adolescents, and (b) to examine how cytokines may be related to adolescent depression in the context of other neurobiological theories of depression. Method A systematic review of the scientific literature on the subject was conducted in February 2013, searching the Web of Knowledge, PubMed (Medline), PsycInfo and Cochrane electronic databases. Results Eighteen studies were identified measuring both depression or depressive symptoms and cytokines or immune markers in adolescents. Adolescents with depression show age-specific characteristics of the immune and inflammatory system, specifically in NK cell activity and in pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-1? and TNF-?). In addition, the role of cytokines in adolescent depression is influenced by neurodevelopment, hormonal changes, stress and trauma. Conclusions There may be differences in the neurobiology of adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD) compared with adult MDD. Increased understanding of the role of cytokines in adolescent MDD may lead to improved outcomes in the treatment of adolescent depression. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12080 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=210
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-8 (August 2013) . - p.816-835[article] Research Review: The role of cytokines in depression in adolescents: a systematic review [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Natalie T. MILLS, Auteur ; James G. SCOTT, Auteur ; Naomi R. WRAY, Auteur ; Sarah COHEN-WOODS, Auteur ; BERNHARD T. BAUNE, Auteur . - p.816-835.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-8 (August 2013) . - p.816-835
Mots-clés : Cytokines inflammation immune system MDD cognition stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background While cytokines have been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression in adults, the potential role in younger age groups such as adolescents is less clear. This article therefore reviews the literature (a) to explore the relationship between cytokines and depression in adolescents, and (b) to examine how cytokines may be related to adolescent depression in the context of other neurobiological theories of depression. Method A systematic review of the scientific literature on the subject was conducted in February 2013, searching the Web of Knowledge, PubMed (Medline), PsycInfo and Cochrane electronic databases. Results Eighteen studies were identified measuring both depression or depressive symptoms and cytokines or immune markers in adolescents. Adolescents with depression show age-specific characteristics of the immune and inflammatory system, specifically in NK cell activity and in pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-1? and TNF-?). In addition, the role of cytokines in adolescent depression is influenced by neurodevelopment, hormonal changes, stress and trauma. Conclusions There may be differences in the neurobiology of adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD) compared with adult MDD. Increased understanding of the role of cytokines in adolescent MDD may lead to improved outcomes in the treatment of adolescent depression. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12080 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=210