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Lower circulating endocannabinoid levels in children with autism spectrum disorder / Adi ARAN in Molecular Autism, 10 (2019)
[article]
Titre : Lower circulating endocannabinoid levels in children with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Adi ARAN, Auteur ; M. EYLON, Auteur ; M. HAREL, Auteur ; L. POLIANSKI, Auteur ; A. NEMIROVSKI, Auteur ; S. TEPPER, Auteur ; A. SCHNAPP, Auteur ; Hanoch CASSUTO, Auteur ; N. WATTAD, Auteur ; J. TAM, Auteur Article en page(s) : 2 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : *2-arachidonoylglycerol *Anandamide *Arachidonic acid *Autism spectrum disorder *Biomarkers *Cannabinoids *Endocannabinoid system *N-arachidonoylethanolamine *N-oleoylethanolamine *N-palmitoylethanolamine Board and Israeli Ministry of Health prior to participant enrollment. Participants' parents provided written consent prior to initiation of any experimental procedures, and written assent was obtained from participants when appropriate.Not applicable.The authors declare that they have no competing interests.Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a major regulator of synaptic plasticity and neuromodulation. Alterations of the ECS have been demonstrated in several animal models of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In some of these models, activating the ECS rescued the social deficits. Evidence for dysregulations of the ECS in human ASD are emerging, but comprehensive assessments and correlations with disease characteristics have not been reported yet. Methods: Serum levels of the main endocannabinoids, N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA or anandamide) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), and their related endogenous compounds, arachidonic acid (AA), N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA), and N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA), were analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry in 93 children with ASD (age = 13.1 +/- 4.1, range 6-21; 79% boys) and 93 age- and gender-matched neurotypical children (age = 11.8 +/- 4.3, range 5.5-21; 79% boys). Results were associated with gender and use of medications, and were correlated with age, BMI, and adaptive functioning of ASD participants as reflected by scores of Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2), Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale-II (VABS-II), and Social Responsiveness Scale-II (SRS-2). Results: Children with ASD had lower levels (pmol/mL, mean +/- SEM) of AEA (0.722 +/- 0.045 vs. 1.252 +/- 0.072, P < 0.0001, effect size 0.91), OEA (17.3 +/- 0.80 vs. 27.8 +/- 1.44, P < 0.0001, effect size 0.94), and PEA (4.93 +/- 0.32 vs. 7.15 +/- 0.37, P < 0.0001, effect size 0.65), but not AA and 2-AG. Serum levels of AEA, OEA, and PEA were not significantly associated or correlated with age, gender, BMI, medications, and adaptive functioning of ASD participants. In children with ASD, but not in the control group, younger age and lower BMI tended to correlate with lower AEA levels. However, these correlations were not statistically significant after a correction for multiple comparisons. Conclusions: We found lower serum levels of AEA, PEA, and OEA in children with ASD. Further studies are needed to determine whether circulating endocannabinoid levels can be used as stratification biomarkers that identify clinically significant subgroups within the autism spectrum and if they reflect lower endocannabinoid "tone" in the brain, as found in animal models of ASD. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-019-0256-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=389
in Molecular Autism > 10 (2019) . - 2 p.[article] Lower circulating endocannabinoid levels in children with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Adi ARAN, Auteur ; M. EYLON, Auteur ; M. HAREL, Auteur ; L. POLIANSKI, Auteur ; A. NEMIROVSKI, Auteur ; S. TEPPER, Auteur ; A. SCHNAPP, Auteur ; Hanoch CASSUTO, Auteur ; N. WATTAD, Auteur ; J. TAM, Auteur . - 2 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 10 (2019) . - 2 p.
Mots-clés : *2-arachidonoylglycerol *Anandamide *Arachidonic acid *Autism spectrum disorder *Biomarkers *Cannabinoids *Endocannabinoid system *N-arachidonoylethanolamine *N-oleoylethanolamine *N-palmitoylethanolamine Board and Israeli Ministry of Health prior to participant enrollment. Participants' parents provided written consent prior to initiation of any experimental procedures, and written assent was obtained from participants when appropriate.Not applicable.The authors declare that they have no competing interests.Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a major regulator of synaptic plasticity and neuromodulation. Alterations of the ECS have been demonstrated in several animal models of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In some of these models, activating the ECS rescued the social deficits. Evidence for dysregulations of the ECS in human ASD are emerging, but comprehensive assessments and correlations with disease characteristics have not been reported yet. Methods: Serum levels of the main endocannabinoids, N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA or anandamide) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), and their related endogenous compounds, arachidonic acid (AA), N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA), and N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA), were analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry in 93 children with ASD (age = 13.1 +/- 4.1, range 6-21; 79% boys) and 93 age- and gender-matched neurotypical children (age = 11.8 +/- 4.3, range 5.5-21; 79% boys). Results were associated with gender and use of medications, and were correlated with age, BMI, and adaptive functioning of ASD participants as reflected by scores of Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2), Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale-II (VABS-II), and Social Responsiveness Scale-II (SRS-2). Results: Children with ASD had lower levels (pmol/mL, mean +/- SEM) of AEA (0.722 +/- 0.045 vs. 1.252 +/- 0.072, P < 0.0001, effect size 0.91), OEA (17.3 +/- 0.80 vs. 27.8 +/- 1.44, P < 0.0001, effect size 0.94), and PEA (4.93 +/- 0.32 vs. 7.15 +/- 0.37, P < 0.0001, effect size 0.65), but not AA and 2-AG. Serum levels of AEA, OEA, and PEA were not significantly associated or correlated with age, gender, BMI, medications, and adaptive functioning of ASD participants. In children with ASD, but not in the control group, younger age and lower BMI tended to correlate with lower AEA levels. However, these correlations were not statistically significant after a correction for multiple comparisons. Conclusions: We found lower serum levels of AEA, PEA, and OEA in children with ASD. Further studies are needed to determine whether circulating endocannabinoid levels can be used as stratification biomarkers that identify clinically significant subgroups within the autism spectrum and if they reflect lower endocannabinoid "tone" in the brain, as found in animal models of ASD. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-019-0256-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=389 Visual Exploration in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Exploring Age Differences and Dynamic Features Using Recurrence Quantification Analysis / N. V. MANYAKOV in Autism Research, 11-11 (November 2018)
[article]
Titre : Visual Exploration in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Exploring Age Differences and Dynamic Features Using Recurrence Quantification Analysis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : N. V. MANYAKOV, Auteur ; Abigail BANGERTER, Auteur ; Meenakshi CHATTERJEE, Auteur ; L. MASON, Auteur ; S. NESS, Auteur ; D. LEWIN, Auteur ; A. SKALKIN, Auteur ; Matthew A. BOICE, Auteur ; M. S. GOODWIN, Auteur ; G. DAWSON, Auteur ; R. HENDREN, Auteur ; B. LEVENTHAL, Auteur ; F. SHIC, Auteur ; Gahan PANDINA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1554-1566 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : *autism spectrum disorder *biomarkers *eye-tracking *recurrence quantification analysis *restricted repetitive behavior *visual exploration Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Eye-tracking studies have demonstrated that individuals with autism spectrum disorder sometimes show differences in attention and gaze patterns. This includes preference for certain nonsocial objects, heightened attention to detail, and more difficulty with attention shifting and disengagement, which may be associated with restricted and repetitive behaviors. This study utilized a visual exploration task and replicates findings of reduced number of objects explored and increased fixation duration on high autism interest objects in a large sample of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (n = 129, age 6-54 years) in comparison with a typically developing group. These findings correlated with parent-reported repetitive behaviors. Additionally, we applied recurrent quantification analysis to enable identification of new eye-tracking features, which accounted for temporal and spatial differences in viewing patterns. These new features were found to discriminate between autism spectrum disorder and typically developing groups and were correlated with parent-reported repetitive behaviors. Original and novel eye-tracking features identified by recurrent quantification analysis differed in their relationships to reported behaviors and were dependent on age. Trial Registration: NCT02299700. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1554-1566. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Using eye-tracking technology and a visual exploration task, we showed that people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) spend more time looking at particular kinds of objects, like trains and clocks, and look at fewer objects overall than people without ASD. Where people look and the order in which they look at objects were related to the restricted and repetitive behaviors reported by parents. Eye-tracking may be a useful addition to parent reports for measuring changes in behavior in individuals with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2021 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=370
in Autism Research > 11-11 (November 2018) . - p.1554-1566[article] Visual Exploration in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Exploring Age Differences and Dynamic Features Using Recurrence Quantification Analysis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / N. V. MANYAKOV, Auteur ; Abigail BANGERTER, Auteur ; Meenakshi CHATTERJEE, Auteur ; L. MASON, Auteur ; S. NESS, Auteur ; D. LEWIN, Auteur ; A. SKALKIN, Auteur ; Matthew A. BOICE, Auteur ; M. S. GOODWIN, Auteur ; G. DAWSON, Auteur ; R. HENDREN, Auteur ; B. LEVENTHAL, Auteur ; F. SHIC, Auteur ; Gahan PANDINA, Auteur . - p.1554-1566.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 11-11 (November 2018) . - p.1554-1566
Mots-clés : *autism spectrum disorder *biomarkers *eye-tracking *recurrence quantification analysis *restricted repetitive behavior *visual exploration Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Eye-tracking studies have demonstrated that individuals with autism spectrum disorder sometimes show differences in attention and gaze patterns. This includes preference for certain nonsocial objects, heightened attention to detail, and more difficulty with attention shifting and disengagement, which may be associated with restricted and repetitive behaviors. This study utilized a visual exploration task and replicates findings of reduced number of objects explored and increased fixation duration on high autism interest objects in a large sample of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (n = 129, age 6-54 years) in comparison with a typically developing group. These findings correlated with parent-reported repetitive behaviors. Additionally, we applied recurrent quantification analysis to enable identification of new eye-tracking features, which accounted for temporal and spatial differences in viewing patterns. These new features were found to discriminate between autism spectrum disorder and typically developing groups and were correlated with parent-reported repetitive behaviors. Original and novel eye-tracking features identified by recurrent quantification analysis differed in their relationships to reported behaviors and were dependent on age. Trial Registration: NCT02299700. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1554-1566. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Using eye-tracking technology and a visual exploration task, we showed that people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) spend more time looking at particular kinds of objects, like trains and clocks, and look at fewer objects overall than people without ASD. Where people look and the order in which they look at objects were related to the restricted and repetitive behaviors reported by parents. Eye-tracking may be a useful addition to parent reports for measuring changes in behavior in individuals with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2021 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=370