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Structural and contextual priors affect visual search in children with and without autism / S. VAN DE CRUYS in Autism Research, 14-7 (July 2021)
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Titre : Structural and contextual priors affect visual search in children with and without autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. VAN DE CRUYS, Auteur ; L. LEMMENS, Auteur ; L. A. SAPEY-TRIOMPHE, Auteur ; A. CHETVERIKOV, Auteur ; I. NOENS, Auteur ; J. WAGEMANS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1484-1495 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder Autistic Disorder Bayes Theorem Child Humans Learning Reaction Time Visual Perception Bayesian brain ensemble perception perceptual learning predictive coding summary statistics visual search Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Bayesian predictive coding theories of autism spectrum disorder propose that impaired acquisition or a broader shape of prior probability distributions lies at the core of the condition. However, we still know very little about how probability distributions are learned and encoded by children, let alone children with autism. Here, we take advantage of a recently developed distribution learning paradigm to characterize how children with and without autism acquire information about probability distributions. Twenty-four autistic and 25-matched neurotypical children searched for an odd-one-out target among a set of distractor lines with orientations sampled from a Gaussian distribution repeated across multiple trials to allow for learning of the parameters (mean and variance) of the distribution. We could measure the width (variance) of the participant's encoded distribution by introducing a target-distractor role-reversal while varying the similarity between target and previous distractor mean. Both groups performed similarly on the visual search task and learned the distractor distribution to a similar extent. However, the variance learned was much broader than the one presented, consistent with less informative priors in children irrespective of autism diagnosis. These findings have important implications for Bayesian accounts of perception throughout development, and Bayesian accounts of autism specifically. LAY SUMMARY: Recent theories about the underlying cognitive mechanisms of autism propose that the way autistic individuals estimate variability or uncertainty in their perceptual environment may differ from how typical individuals do so. Children had to search an oddly tilted line in a set of lines pointing in different directions, and based on their response times we examined how they learned about the variability in a set of objects. We found that autistic children learn variability as well as typical children, but both groups learn with less precision than typical adults do on the same task. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2511 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449
in Autism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1484-1495[article] Structural and contextual priors affect visual search in children with and without autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. VAN DE CRUYS, Auteur ; L. LEMMENS, Auteur ; L. A. SAPEY-TRIOMPHE, Auteur ; A. CHETVERIKOV, Auteur ; I. NOENS, Auteur ; J. WAGEMANS, Auteur . - p.1484-1495.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1484-1495
Mots-clés : Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder Autistic Disorder Bayes Theorem Child Humans Learning Reaction Time Visual Perception Bayesian brain ensemble perception perceptual learning predictive coding summary statistics visual search Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Bayesian predictive coding theories of autism spectrum disorder propose that impaired acquisition or a broader shape of prior probability distributions lies at the core of the condition. However, we still know very little about how probability distributions are learned and encoded by children, let alone children with autism. Here, we take advantage of a recently developed distribution learning paradigm to characterize how children with and without autism acquire information about probability distributions. Twenty-four autistic and 25-matched neurotypical children searched for an odd-one-out target among a set of distractor lines with orientations sampled from a Gaussian distribution repeated across multiple trials to allow for learning of the parameters (mean and variance) of the distribution. We could measure the width (variance) of the participant's encoded distribution by introducing a target-distractor role-reversal while varying the similarity between target and previous distractor mean. Both groups performed similarly on the visual search task and learned the distractor distribution to a similar extent. However, the variance learned was much broader than the one presented, consistent with less informative priors in children irrespective of autism diagnosis. These findings have important implications for Bayesian accounts of perception throughout development, and Bayesian accounts of autism specifically. LAY SUMMARY: Recent theories about the underlying cognitive mechanisms of autism propose that the way autistic individuals estimate variability or uncertainty in their perceptual environment may differ from how typical individuals do so. Children had to search an oddly tilted line in a set of lines pointing in different directions, and based on their response times we examined how they learned about the variability in a set of objects. We found that autistic children learn variability as well as typical children, but both groups learn with less precision than typical adults do on the same task. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2511 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449