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Oral microbiome activity in children with autism spectrum disorder / S. D. HICKS in Autism Research, 11-9 (September 2018)
[article]
Titre : Oral microbiome activity in children with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. D. HICKS, Auteur ; R. UHLIG, Auteur ; P. AFSHARI, Auteur ; J. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; M. CHRONEOS, Auteur ; C. TIERNEY-AVES, Auteur ; K. WAGNER, Auteur ; F. A. MIDDLETON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1286-1299 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder developmental delay gastrointestinal disturbance microbiome oropharynx saliva Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with several oropharyngeal abnormalities, including buccal sensory sensitivity, taste and texture aversions, speech apraxia, and salivary transcriptome alterations. Furthermore, the oropharynx represents the sole entry point to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. GI disturbances and alterations in the GI microbiome are established features of ASD, and may impact behavior through the "microbial-gut-brain axis." Most studies of the ASD microbiome have used fecal samples. Here, we identified changes in the salivary microbiome of children aged 2-6 years across three developmental profiles: ASD (n = 180), nonautistic developmental delay (DD; n = 60), and typically developing (TD; n = 106) children. After RNA extraction and shotgun sequencing, actively transcribing taxa were quantified and tested for differences between groups and within ASD endophenotypes. A total of 12 taxa were altered between the developmental groups and 28 taxa were identified that distinguished ASD patients with and without GI disturbance, providing further evidence for the role of the gut-brain axis in ASD. Group classification accuracy was visualized with receiver operating characteristic curves and validated using a 50/50 hold-out procedure. Five microbial ratios distinguished ASD from TD participants (79.5% accuracy), three distinguished ASD from DD (76.5%), and three distinguished ASD children with/without GI disturbance (85.7%). Taxonomic pathways were assessed using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes microbial database and compared with one-way analysis of variance, revealing significant differences within energy metabolism and lysine degradation. Together, these results indicate that GI microbiome disruption in ASD extends to the oropharynx, and suggests oral microbiome profiling as a potential tool to evaluate ASD status. Autism Res 2018, 11: 1286-1299. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Previous research suggests that the bacteria living in the human gut may influence autistic behavior. This study examined genetic activity of microbes living in the mouth of over 300 children. The microbes with differences in children with autism were involved in energy processing and showed potential for identifying autism status. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1972 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=369
in Autism Research > 11-9 (September 2018) . - p.1286-1299[article] Oral microbiome activity in children with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. D. HICKS, Auteur ; R. UHLIG, Auteur ; P. AFSHARI, Auteur ; J. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; M. CHRONEOS, Auteur ; C. TIERNEY-AVES, Auteur ; K. WAGNER, Auteur ; F. A. MIDDLETON, Auteur . - p.1286-1299.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 11-9 (September 2018) . - p.1286-1299
Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder developmental delay gastrointestinal disturbance microbiome oropharynx saliva Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with several oropharyngeal abnormalities, including buccal sensory sensitivity, taste and texture aversions, speech apraxia, and salivary transcriptome alterations. Furthermore, the oropharynx represents the sole entry point to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. GI disturbances and alterations in the GI microbiome are established features of ASD, and may impact behavior through the "microbial-gut-brain axis." Most studies of the ASD microbiome have used fecal samples. Here, we identified changes in the salivary microbiome of children aged 2-6 years across three developmental profiles: ASD (n = 180), nonautistic developmental delay (DD; n = 60), and typically developing (TD; n = 106) children. After RNA extraction and shotgun sequencing, actively transcribing taxa were quantified and tested for differences between groups and within ASD endophenotypes. A total of 12 taxa were altered between the developmental groups and 28 taxa were identified that distinguished ASD patients with and without GI disturbance, providing further evidence for the role of the gut-brain axis in ASD. Group classification accuracy was visualized with receiver operating characteristic curves and validated using a 50/50 hold-out procedure. Five microbial ratios distinguished ASD from TD participants (79.5% accuracy), three distinguished ASD from DD (76.5%), and three distinguished ASD children with/without GI disturbance (85.7%). Taxonomic pathways were assessed using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes microbial database and compared with one-way analysis of variance, revealing significant differences within energy metabolism and lysine degradation. Together, these results indicate that GI microbiome disruption in ASD extends to the oropharynx, and suggests oral microbiome profiling as a potential tool to evaluate ASD status. Autism Res 2018, 11: 1286-1299. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Previous research suggests that the bacteria living in the human gut may influence autistic behavior. This study examined genetic activity of microbes living in the mouth of over 300 children. The microbes with differences in children with autism were involved in energy processing and showed potential for identifying autism status. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1972 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=369 Characteristics of sleep in children with autism spectrum disorders from the Simons Simplex Collection / Ann E. E. JOHANSSON in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 53 (September 2018)
[article]
Titre : Characteristics of sleep in children with autism spectrum disorders from the Simons Simplex Collection Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ann E. E. JOHANSSON, Auteur ; Christine A. FEELEY, Auteur ; Janice S. DORMAN, Auteur ; Eileen R. CHASENS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.18-30 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ASD Sleep Simons Simplex Collection Gastrointestinal disturbance Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background An estimated 40–80% of children with ASD have sleep problems, including bedtime behavior problems, difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep, decreased sleep time, and daytime sleepiness. This study aimed to examine the relationship between sleep problems and characteristics of children with ASD in a large, nationwide sample. Methods This secondary analysis of children 4- to 18-years explored 11 sleep problems using the Simons Simplex Collection Sleep Interview (SSCSI). The SSCSI includes nighttime problems, daytime problems, and sleep duration problems subscales. Chi square, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann- Whitney U tests were performed to detect differences between age groups, sexes, and sleep problem groups (none/minimal, mild, moderate/severe). Odds ratios for variables associated with sleep problems were assessed using baseline and adjacent category logistic regression. Two-way interaction effects were included in regression models, and stratified analyses were performed for age groups. Results Approximately 41% of children were categorized as having mild or moderate/severe sleep problems. The most commonly reported SSCSI items were in the nighttime problems subscale; difficulty falling asleep was the most frequently reported item. Mean sleep duration was approximately 9?h, although more than one-quarter slept less than the hours recommended for their age. Increased odds of sleep problems were most frequently associated with gastrointestinal distress (GID) and non-verbal IQ (NVIQ), followed by male sex and age. ADOS severity score is likely not associated with sleep problems in this sample. Conclusions This study advances our understanding of sleep in ASD by showing that GID, NVIQ, sex, and age increased the odds of sleep problems in children with ASD. These results reinforce that healthcare professionals should screen for sleep problems in children with ASD and suggest future lines of inquiry. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2018.06.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=368
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 53 (September 2018) . - p.18-30[article] Characteristics of sleep in children with autism spectrum disorders from the Simons Simplex Collection [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ann E. E. JOHANSSON, Auteur ; Christine A. FEELEY, Auteur ; Janice S. DORMAN, Auteur ; Eileen R. CHASENS, Auteur . - p.18-30.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 53 (September 2018) . - p.18-30
Mots-clés : ASD Sleep Simons Simplex Collection Gastrointestinal disturbance Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background An estimated 40–80% of children with ASD have sleep problems, including bedtime behavior problems, difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep, decreased sleep time, and daytime sleepiness. This study aimed to examine the relationship between sleep problems and characteristics of children with ASD in a large, nationwide sample. Methods This secondary analysis of children 4- to 18-years explored 11 sleep problems using the Simons Simplex Collection Sleep Interview (SSCSI). The SSCSI includes nighttime problems, daytime problems, and sleep duration problems subscales. Chi square, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann- Whitney U tests were performed to detect differences between age groups, sexes, and sleep problem groups (none/minimal, mild, moderate/severe). Odds ratios for variables associated with sleep problems were assessed using baseline and adjacent category logistic regression. Two-way interaction effects were included in regression models, and stratified analyses were performed for age groups. Results Approximately 41% of children were categorized as having mild or moderate/severe sleep problems. The most commonly reported SSCSI items were in the nighttime problems subscale; difficulty falling asleep was the most frequently reported item. Mean sleep duration was approximately 9?h, although more than one-quarter slept less than the hours recommended for their age. Increased odds of sleep problems were most frequently associated with gastrointestinal distress (GID) and non-verbal IQ (NVIQ), followed by male sex and age. ADOS severity score is likely not associated with sleep problems in this sample. Conclusions This study advances our understanding of sleep in ASD by showing that GID, NVIQ, sex, and age increased the odds of sleep problems in children with ASD. These results reinforce that healthcare professionals should screen for sleep problems in children with ASD and suggest future lines of inquiry. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2018.06.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=368