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Mental imagery scanning in autism spectrum disorder / Katie L. MARAS in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 8-10 (October 2014)
[article]
Titre : Mental imagery scanning in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Katie L. MARAS, Auteur ; Marina C. WIMMER, Auteur ; Elizabeth J. ROBINSON, Auteur ; Dermot M. BOWLER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1416-1423 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Mental imagery Scanning Navigation Visuo-spatial processing Working memory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Navigational impairments have previously been reported in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study examined the ability of individuals with ASD to generate and scan their mental image of a previously viewed map. Twenty-one ASD adults and 20 age- and IQ-matched comparison adults memorised a map of a fictitious island containing a number of landmarks. They then mentally imagined the map and were timed as they imagined a character walking between the various landmarks. Consistent with previous mental imagery research with typical individuals, there was a linear relationship between the time that participants took to mentally scan between the landmarks and the actual distance between the landmarks on the picture, and this was the case for both typical and ASD participants. ASD and comparison participants’ mental image scanning times were both also influenced by misleading signposts in the picture that indicated different distances between landmarks, thus providing evidence that their mental images were penetrable by top-down information. Although ASD and comparison participants showed very similar mental imagery scanning performance, verbal IQ and working memory were significantly and positively associated with image scanning performance for the ASD, but not the comparison group. This finding furthers the notion of a compensatory reliance on different strategies in ASD to achieve similar surface performance to individuals from the general population. Findings have practical implications for supporting navigation strategies in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.07.003 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=239
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 8-10 (October 2014) . - p.1416-1423[article] Mental imagery scanning in autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Katie L. MARAS, Auteur ; Marina C. WIMMER, Auteur ; Elizabeth J. ROBINSON, Auteur ; Dermot M. BOWLER, Auteur . - p.1416-1423.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 8-10 (October 2014) . - p.1416-1423
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Mental imagery Scanning Navigation Visuo-spatial processing Working memory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Navigational impairments have previously been reported in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study examined the ability of individuals with ASD to generate and scan their mental image of a previously viewed map. Twenty-one ASD adults and 20 age- and IQ-matched comparison adults memorised a map of a fictitious island containing a number of landmarks. They then mentally imagined the map and were timed as they imagined a character walking between the various landmarks. Consistent with previous mental imagery research with typical individuals, there was a linear relationship between the time that participants took to mentally scan between the landmarks and the actual distance between the landmarks on the picture, and this was the case for both typical and ASD participants. ASD and comparison participants’ mental image scanning times were both also influenced by misleading signposts in the picture that indicated different distances between landmarks, thus providing evidence that their mental images were penetrable by top-down information. Although ASD and comparison participants showed very similar mental imagery scanning performance, verbal IQ and working memory were significantly and positively associated with image scanning performance for the ASD, but not the comparison group. This finding furthers the notion of a compensatory reliance on different strategies in ASD to achieve similar surface performance to individuals from the general population. Findings have practical implications for supporting navigation strategies in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.07.003 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=239 Context modulates attention to social scenes in toddlers with autism / Katarzyna CHAWARSKA in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-8 (August 2012)
[article]
Titre : Context modulates attention to social scenes in toddlers with autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Katarzyna CHAWARSKA, Auteur ; Suzanne L. MACARI, Auteur ; Frederick SHIC, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.903-913 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism infants toddlers eye-tracking visual attention dyadic attention scanning naturalistic dynamic stimuli Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: In typical development, the unfolding of social and communicative skills hinges upon the ability to allocate and sustain attention toward people, a skill present moments after birth. Deficits in social attention have been well documented in autism, though the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Methods: In order to parse the factors that are responsible for limited social attention in toddlers with autism, we manipulated the context in which a person appeared in their visual field with regard to the presence of salient social (child-directed speech and eye contact) and nonsocial (distractor toys) cues for attention. Participants included 13- to 25-month-old toddlers with autism (autism; n = 54), developmental delay (DD; n = 22), and typical development (TD; n = 48). Their visual responses were recorded with an eye-tracker. Results: In conditions devoid of eye contact and speech, the distribution of attention between key features of the social scene in toddlers with autism was comparable to that in DD and TD controls. However, when explicit dyadic cues were introduced, toddlers with autism showed decreased attention to the entire scene and, when they looked at the scene, they spent less time looking at the speaker’s face and monitoring her lip movements than the control groups. In toddlers with autism, decreased time spent exploring the entire scene was associated with increased symptom severity and lower nonverbal functioning; atypical language profiles were associated with decreased monitoring of the speaker’s face and her mouth. Conclusions: While in certain contexts toddlers with autism attend to people and objects in a typical manner, they show decreased attentional response to dyadic cues for attention. Given that mechanisms supporting responsivity to dyadic cues are present shortly after birth and are highly consequential for development of social cognition and communication, these findings have important implications for the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of limited social monitoring and identifying pivotal targets for treatment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02538.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=177
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-8 (August 2012) . - p.903-913[article] Context modulates attention to social scenes in toddlers with autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Katarzyna CHAWARSKA, Auteur ; Suzanne L. MACARI, Auteur ; Frederick SHIC, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.903-913.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-8 (August 2012) . - p.903-913
Mots-clés : Autism infants toddlers eye-tracking visual attention dyadic attention scanning naturalistic dynamic stimuli Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: In typical development, the unfolding of social and communicative skills hinges upon the ability to allocate and sustain attention toward people, a skill present moments after birth. Deficits in social attention have been well documented in autism, though the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Methods: In order to parse the factors that are responsible for limited social attention in toddlers with autism, we manipulated the context in which a person appeared in their visual field with regard to the presence of salient social (child-directed speech and eye contact) and nonsocial (distractor toys) cues for attention. Participants included 13- to 25-month-old toddlers with autism (autism; n = 54), developmental delay (DD; n = 22), and typical development (TD; n = 48). Their visual responses were recorded with an eye-tracker. Results: In conditions devoid of eye contact and speech, the distribution of attention between key features of the social scene in toddlers with autism was comparable to that in DD and TD controls. However, when explicit dyadic cues were introduced, toddlers with autism showed decreased attention to the entire scene and, when they looked at the scene, they spent less time looking at the speaker’s face and monitoring her lip movements than the control groups. In toddlers with autism, decreased time spent exploring the entire scene was associated with increased symptom severity and lower nonverbal functioning; atypical language profiles were associated with decreased monitoring of the speaker’s face and her mouth. Conclusions: While in certain contexts toddlers with autism attend to people and objects in a typical manner, they show decreased attentional response to dyadic cues for attention. Given that mechanisms supporting responsivity to dyadic cues are present shortly after birth and are highly consequential for development of social cognition and communication, these findings have important implications for the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of limited social monitoring and identifying pivotal targets for treatment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02538.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=177