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Autistic traits, resting-state connectivity, and absolute pitch in professional musicians: shared and distinct neural features / T. WENHART in Molecular Autism, 10 (2019)
[article]
Titre : Autistic traits, resting-state connectivity, and absolute pitch in professional musicians: shared and distinct neural features Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : T. WENHART, Auteur ; Richard A. I. BETHLEHEM, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; E. ALTENMULLER, Auteur Article en page(s) : 20 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Absolute pitch Autistic traits Brain networks Electroencephalography Graph theory Musicians Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Recent studies indicate increased autistic traits in musicians with absolute pitch and a higher proportion of absolute pitch in people with autism. Theoretical accounts connect both of these with shared neural principles of local hyper- and global hypoconnectivity, enhanced perceptual functioning, and a detail-focused cognitive style. This is the first study to investigate absolute pitch proficiency, autistic traits, and brain correlates in the same study. Sample and methods: Graph theoretical analysis was conducted on resting-state (eyes closed and eyes open) EEG connectivity (wPLI, weighted phase lag index) matrices obtained from 31 absolute pitch (AP) and 33 relative pitch (RP) professional musicians. Small-worldness, global clustering coefficient, and average path length were related to autistic traits, passive (tone identification) and active (pitch adjustment) absolute pitch proficiency, and onset of musical training using Welch two-sample tests, correlations, and general linear models. Results: Analyses revealed increased path length (delta 2-4 Hz), reduced clustering (beta 13-18 Hz), reduced small-worldness (gamma 30-60 Hz), and increased autistic traits for AP compared to RP. Only clustering values (beta 13-18 Hz) were predicted by both AP proficiency and autistic traits. Post hoc single connection permutation tests among raw wPLI matrices in the beta band (13-18 Hz) revealed widely reduced interhemispheric connectivity between bilateral auditory-related electrode positions along with higher connectivity between F7-F8 and F8-P9 for AP. Pitch-naming ability and pitch adjustment ability were predicted by path length, clustering, autistic traits, and onset of musical training (for pitch adjustment) explaining 44% and 38% of variance, respectively. Conclusions: Results show both shared and distinct neural features between AP and autistic traits. Differences in the beta range were associated with higher autistic traits in the same population. In general, AP musicians exhibit a widely underconnected brain with reduced functional integration and reduced small-world property during resting state. This might be partly related to autism-specific brain connectivity, while differences in path length and small-worldness reflect other ability-specific influences. This is further evidenced for different pathways in the acquisition and development of absolute pitch, likely influenced by both genetic and environmental factors and their interaction. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-019-0272-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=398
in Molecular Autism > 10 (2019) . - 20 p.[article] Autistic traits, resting-state connectivity, and absolute pitch in professional musicians: shared and distinct neural features [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / T. WENHART, Auteur ; Richard A. I. BETHLEHEM, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; E. ALTENMULLER, Auteur . - 20 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 10 (2019) . - 20 p.
Mots-clés : Absolute pitch Autistic traits Brain networks Electroencephalography Graph theory Musicians Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Recent studies indicate increased autistic traits in musicians with absolute pitch and a higher proportion of absolute pitch in people with autism. Theoretical accounts connect both of these with shared neural principles of local hyper- and global hypoconnectivity, enhanced perceptual functioning, and a detail-focused cognitive style. This is the first study to investigate absolute pitch proficiency, autistic traits, and brain correlates in the same study. Sample and methods: Graph theoretical analysis was conducted on resting-state (eyes closed and eyes open) EEG connectivity (wPLI, weighted phase lag index) matrices obtained from 31 absolute pitch (AP) and 33 relative pitch (RP) professional musicians. Small-worldness, global clustering coefficient, and average path length were related to autistic traits, passive (tone identification) and active (pitch adjustment) absolute pitch proficiency, and onset of musical training using Welch two-sample tests, correlations, and general linear models. Results: Analyses revealed increased path length (delta 2-4 Hz), reduced clustering (beta 13-18 Hz), reduced small-worldness (gamma 30-60 Hz), and increased autistic traits for AP compared to RP. Only clustering values (beta 13-18 Hz) were predicted by both AP proficiency and autistic traits. Post hoc single connection permutation tests among raw wPLI matrices in the beta band (13-18 Hz) revealed widely reduced interhemispheric connectivity between bilateral auditory-related electrode positions along with higher connectivity between F7-F8 and F8-P9 for AP. Pitch-naming ability and pitch adjustment ability were predicted by path length, clustering, autistic traits, and onset of musical training (for pitch adjustment) explaining 44% and 38% of variance, respectively. Conclusions: Results show both shared and distinct neural features between AP and autistic traits. Differences in the beta range were associated with higher autistic traits in the same population. In general, AP musicians exhibit a widely underconnected brain with reduced functional integration and reduced small-world property during resting state. This might be partly related to autism-specific brain connectivity, while differences in path length and small-worldness reflect other ability-specific influences. This is further evidenced for different pathways in the acquisition and development of absolute pitch, likely influenced by both genetic and environmental factors and their interaction. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-019-0272-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=398 Pitch discrimination and melodic memory in children with autism spectrum disorders / Sandy STANUTZ in Autism, 18-2 (February 2014)
[article]
Titre : Pitch discrimination and melodic memory in children with autism spectrum disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sandy STANUTZ, Auteur ; Joel WAPNICK, Auteur ; Jacob A. BURACK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.137-147 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : absolute pitch autism melodic memory pitch discrimination visual nonverbal reasoning ability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Pitch perception is enhanced among persons with autism. We extended this finding to memory for pitch and melody among school-aged children.Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate pitch memory in musically untrained children with autism spectrum disorders, aged 7–13 years, and to compare it to that of age- and IQ-matched typically developing children.Methods: The children were required to discriminate isolated tones in two differing contexts as well to remember melodies after a period of 1 week. The tasks were designed to employ both short- and long-term memory for music. For the pitch discrimination task, the children first had to indicate whether two isolated tones were the same or different when the second was the same or had been altered to be 25, 35, or 45 cents sharp or flat. Second, the children discriminated the tones within the context of melody. They were asked whether two melodies were the same or different when the leading tone of the second melody was the same or had been altered to be 25, 35, or 45 cents sharp or flat. Long-term memory for melody was also investigated, as the children attempted to recall four different two-bar melodies after 1 week.Results: The children with autism spectrum disorders demonstrated elevated pitch discrimination ability in the single-tone and melodic context as well as superior long-term memory for melody. Pitch memory correlated positively with scores on measures of nonverbal fluid reasoning ability.Conclusion: Superior short- and long-term pitch memory was found among children with autism spectrum disorders. The results indicate an aspect to cognitive functioning that may predict both enhanced nonverbal reasoning ability and atypical language development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361312462905 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=224
in Autism > 18-2 (February 2014) . - p.137-147[article] Pitch discrimination and melodic memory in children with autism spectrum disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sandy STANUTZ, Auteur ; Joel WAPNICK, Auteur ; Jacob A. BURACK, Auteur . - p.137-147.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 18-2 (February 2014) . - p.137-147
Mots-clés : absolute pitch autism melodic memory pitch discrimination visual nonverbal reasoning ability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Pitch perception is enhanced among persons with autism. We extended this finding to memory for pitch and melody among school-aged children.Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate pitch memory in musically untrained children with autism spectrum disorders, aged 7–13 years, and to compare it to that of age- and IQ-matched typically developing children.Methods: The children were required to discriminate isolated tones in two differing contexts as well to remember melodies after a period of 1 week. The tasks were designed to employ both short- and long-term memory for music. For the pitch discrimination task, the children first had to indicate whether two isolated tones were the same or different when the second was the same or had been altered to be 25, 35, or 45 cents sharp or flat. Second, the children discriminated the tones within the context of melody. They were asked whether two melodies were the same or different when the leading tone of the second melody was the same or had been altered to be 25, 35, or 45 cents sharp or flat. Long-term memory for melody was also investigated, as the children attempted to recall four different two-bar melodies after 1 week.Results: The children with autism spectrum disorders demonstrated elevated pitch discrimination ability in the single-tone and melodic context as well as superior long-term memory for melody. Pitch memory correlated positively with scores on measures of nonverbal fluid reasoning ability.Conclusion: Superior short- and long-term pitch memory was found among children with autism spectrum disorders. The results indicate an aspect to cognitive functioning that may predict both enhanced nonverbal reasoning ability and atypical language development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361312462905 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=224