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Research Review: Psychosocial adjustment and mental health in former child soldiers ? a systematic review of the literature and recommendations for future research / Theresa S. BETANCOURT in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-1 (January 2013)
[article]
Titre : Research Review: Psychosocial adjustment and mental health in former child soldiers ? a systematic review of the literature and recommendations for future research Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Theresa S. BETANCOURT, Auteur ; Ivelina BORISOVA, Auteur ; Timothy P. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Sarah E. MEYERS-OHKI, Auteur ; Julia E. RUBIN-SMITH, Auteur ; Jeannie ANNAN, Auteur ; Brandon A. KOHRT, Auteur Article en page(s) : 17-36 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Violence resilience risk factors child soldiers war Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Aims and scope: This article reviews the available quantitative research on psychosocial adjustment and mental health among children (age 18 years) associated with armed forces and armed groups (CAAFAG) ? commonly referred to as child soldiers. Methods: PRISMA standards for systematic reviews were used to search PubMed, PsycInfo, JSTOR, and Sociological Abstracts in February 2012 for all articles on former child soldiers and CAAFAG. Twenty-one quantitative studies from 10 countries were analyzed for author, year of publication, journal, objectives, design, selection population, setting, instruments, prevalence estimates, and associations with war experiences. Opinion pieces, editorials, and qualitative studies were deemed beyond the scope of this study. Quality of evidence was rated according to the Systematic Assessment of Quality in Observational Research (SAQOR). Findings: According to SAQOR criteria, among the available published studies, eight studies were of high quality, four were of moderate quality, and the remaining nine were of low quality. Common limitations were lack of validated mental health measures, unclear methodology including undefined sampling approaches, and failure to report missing data. Only five studies included a comparison group of youth not involved with armed forces/armed groups, and only five studies assessed mental health at more than one point in time. Across studies, a number of risk and protective factors were associated with postconflict psychosocial adjustment and social reintegration in CAAFAG. Abduction, age of conscription, exposure to violence, gender, and community stigma were associated with increased internalizing and externalizing mental health problems. Family acceptance, social support, and educational/economic opportunities were associated with improved psychosocial adjustment. Conclusions: Research on the social reintegration and psychosocial adjustment of former child soldiers is nascent. A number of gaps in the available literature warrant future study. Recommendations to bolster the evidence base on psychosocial adjustment in former child soldiers and other war-affected youth include more studies comprising longitudinal study designs, and validated cross-cultural instruments for assessing mental health, as well as more integrated community-based approaches to study design and research monitoring. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02620.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=186
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-1 (January 2013) . - 17-36[article] Research Review: Psychosocial adjustment and mental health in former child soldiers ? a systematic review of the literature and recommendations for future research [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Theresa S. BETANCOURT, Auteur ; Ivelina BORISOVA, Auteur ; Timothy P. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Sarah E. MEYERS-OHKI, Auteur ; Julia E. RUBIN-SMITH, Auteur ; Jeannie ANNAN, Auteur ; Brandon A. KOHRT, Auteur . - 17-36.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-1 (January 2013) . - 17-36
Mots-clés : Violence resilience risk factors child soldiers war Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Aims and scope: This article reviews the available quantitative research on psychosocial adjustment and mental health among children (age 18 years) associated with armed forces and armed groups (CAAFAG) ? commonly referred to as child soldiers. Methods: PRISMA standards for systematic reviews were used to search PubMed, PsycInfo, JSTOR, and Sociological Abstracts in February 2012 for all articles on former child soldiers and CAAFAG. Twenty-one quantitative studies from 10 countries were analyzed for author, year of publication, journal, objectives, design, selection population, setting, instruments, prevalence estimates, and associations with war experiences. Opinion pieces, editorials, and qualitative studies were deemed beyond the scope of this study. Quality of evidence was rated according to the Systematic Assessment of Quality in Observational Research (SAQOR). Findings: According to SAQOR criteria, among the available published studies, eight studies were of high quality, four were of moderate quality, and the remaining nine were of low quality. Common limitations were lack of validated mental health measures, unclear methodology including undefined sampling approaches, and failure to report missing data. Only five studies included a comparison group of youth not involved with armed forces/armed groups, and only five studies assessed mental health at more than one point in time. Across studies, a number of risk and protective factors were associated with postconflict psychosocial adjustment and social reintegration in CAAFAG. Abduction, age of conscription, exposure to violence, gender, and community stigma were associated with increased internalizing and externalizing mental health problems. Family acceptance, social support, and educational/economic opportunities were associated with improved psychosocial adjustment. Conclusions: Research on the social reintegration and psychosocial adjustment of former child soldiers is nascent. A number of gaps in the available literature warrant future study. Recommendations to bolster the evidence base on psychosocial adjustment in former child soldiers and other war-affected youth include more studies comprising longitudinal study designs, and validated cross-cultural instruments for assessing mental health, as well as more integrated community-based approaches to study design and research monitoring. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02620.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=186 Context matters: community characteristics and mental health among war-affected youth in Sierra Leone / Theresa S. BETANCOURT in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-3 (March 2014)
[article]
Titre : Context matters: community characteristics and mental health among war-affected youth in Sierra Leone Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Theresa S. BETANCOURT, Auteur ; Ryan MCBAIN, Auteur ; Elizabeth A. NEWNHAM, Auteur ; Robert T. BRENNAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.217-226 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Social ecology mental health child soldiers post-conflict war externalizing internalizing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Worldwide, over one billion children and adolescents live in war-affected settings. At present, only limited research has investigated linkages between disrupted social ecology and adverse mental health outcomes among war-affected youth. In this study, we examine three community-level characteristics – social disorder and collective efficacy within the community, as reported by caregivers, and perceived stigma as reported by youth – in relation to externalizing behaviors and internalizing symptoms among male and female former child soldiers in postconflict Sierra Leone. Methods A total of 243 former child soldiers (30% female, mean age at baseline: 16.6 years) and their primary caregivers participated in interviews in 2004 and 2008, as part of a larger prospective cohort study of war-affected youth in Sierra Leone. Two-point growth models were estimated to examine the relationship between community-level characteristics and externalizing and internalizing outcomes across the time points. Results Both social disorder within the community, reported by caregivers, and perceived stigma, reported by youth, positively covaried with youths' externalizing and internalizing scores – indicating that higher levels of each at baseline and follow-up were associated with higher levels of mental health problems at both time points (p .05). The relationship between collective efficacy and mental health outcomes was nonsignificant (p .05). Conclusions This study offers a rare glimpse into the role that the postconflict social context plays in shaping the mental health among former child soldiers. Results indicate that both social disorder and perceived stigma within the community demonstrate an important relationship to externalizing and internalizing problems among adolescent ex-combatants. Moreover, these relationships persisted over a 4-year period of follow-up. These results underscore the importance of the postconflict social environment and the need to develop postconflict interventions that address community-level processes in addition to the needs of families and individuals. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12131 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=226
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-3 (March 2014) . - p.217-226[article] Context matters: community characteristics and mental health among war-affected youth in Sierra Leone [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Theresa S. BETANCOURT, Auteur ; Ryan MCBAIN, Auteur ; Elizabeth A. NEWNHAM, Auteur ; Robert T. BRENNAN, Auteur . - p.217-226.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-3 (March 2014) . - p.217-226
Mots-clés : Social ecology mental health child soldiers post-conflict war externalizing internalizing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Worldwide, over one billion children and adolescents live in war-affected settings. At present, only limited research has investigated linkages between disrupted social ecology and adverse mental health outcomes among war-affected youth. In this study, we examine three community-level characteristics – social disorder and collective efficacy within the community, as reported by caregivers, and perceived stigma as reported by youth – in relation to externalizing behaviors and internalizing symptoms among male and female former child soldiers in postconflict Sierra Leone. Methods A total of 243 former child soldiers (30% female, mean age at baseline: 16.6 years) and their primary caregivers participated in interviews in 2004 and 2008, as part of a larger prospective cohort study of war-affected youth in Sierra Leone. Two-point growth models were estimated to examine the relationship between community-level characteristics and externalizing and internalizing outcomes across the time points. Results Both social disorder within the community, reported by caregivers, and perceived stigma, reported by youth, positively covaried with youths' externalizing and internalizing scores – indicating that higher levels of each at baseline and follow-up were associated with higher levels of mental health problems at both time points (p .05). The relationship between collective efficacy and mental health outcomes was nonsignificant (p .05). Conclusions This study offers a rare glimpse into the role that the postconflict social context plays in shaping the mental health among former child soldiers. Results indicate that both social disorder and perceived stigma within the community demonstrate an important relationship to externalizing and internalizing problems among adolescent ex-combatants. Moreover, these relationships persisted over a 4-year period of follow-up. These results underscore the importance of the postconflict social environment and the need to develop postconflict interventions that address community-level processes in addition to the needs of families and individuals. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12131 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=226