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Epilepsy and Autism Severity: A Study of 6,975 Children / J. B. EWEN in Autism Research, 12-8 (August 2019)
[article]
Titre : Epilepsy and Autism Severity: A Study of 6,975 Children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : J. B. EWEN, Auteur ; A. R. MARVIN, Auteur ; K. LAW, Auteur ; P. H. LIPKIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1251-1259 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : effect size epilepsy regression risk factor severity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Epilepsy is known to occur in a higher-than-expected proportion of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Prior studies of this heterogeneous disorder have suggested that intelligence quotient (IQ) may drive this relationship. Because intellectual disability (ID) is, independently of ASD, a risk factor for epilepsy, current literature calls into question the long-understood unique relationship between ASD and epilepsy. Second, data have been unclear about whether developmental regression in ASD is associated with epilepsy. Using two cohorts from an online research registry, totaling 6,975 children with ASD, we examined the independent role of four ASD severity measures in driving the relationship with epilepsy: ID, language impairment, core ASD symptom severity, and motor dysfunction, controlling for two known relevant factors: age and sex. We also examined whether developmental regression and epilepsy have an independent statistical link. All four ASD severity factors showed independent statistical associations with epilepsy in one cohort, and three in the other. ID showed the largest relative risk (RR) in both cohorts. Effect sizes were modest. Regression similarly showed an independent statistical association with epilepsy, but with small effect size. Similar to previous work, ID showed the greatest contribution to RR for epilepsy among children with ASD. However, other ASD severity markers showed statistical associations, demonstrating that the ASD-epilepsy association is not reducible to the effect of ID. Inconsistencies in the literature may be due to underpowered studies, yet moving forward with larger-n studies, clinical significance and scientific relevance may be dictated by effect size and not merely statistical significance. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1251-1259. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Epilepsy is known to occur more often in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) than is the case in the general population. The association between ASD and epilepsy is of interest because studying the two disorders in combination may help advance our understanding of genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms-as well as therapies-for both. Recent studies have suggested that intelligence quotient (IQ) alone in individuals with ASD may account for the increased prevalence of epilepsy. However, our approach was to look at a range of severity factors relevant to ASD and to look for correlations between each severity factor and epilepsy, within two large samples of children with ASD. In summary, we found that each severity factor-presence of intellectual disability, presence of language atypicalities, ASD-specific symptoms severity, and presence of motor issues-independently predicted a small increased risk for epilepsy, countering the argument that IQ alone is a risk factor. We also examined whether epilepsy is associated with developmental regression. Although severe epilepsy syndromes such as Landau-Kleffner syndrome are known to cause autistic-like symptoms following developmental regression, there is controversy about whether other forms of epilepsy are associated with the more common developmental regression seen in many young children with epilepsy. Indeed, we found a small association between epilepsy and developmental regression. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2132 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=405
in Autism Research > 12-8 (August 2019) . - p.1251-1259[article] Epilepsy and Autism Severity: A Study of 6,975 Children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / J. B. EWEN, Auteur ; A. R. MARVIN, Auteur ; K. LAW, Auteur ; P. H. LIPKIN, Auteur . - p.1251-1259.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 12-8 (August 2019) . - p.1251-1259
Mots-clés : effect size epilepsy regression risk factor severity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Epilepsy is known to occur in a higher-than-expected proportion of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Prior studies of this heterogeneous disorder have suggested that intelligence quotient (IQ) may drive this relationship. Because intellectual disability (ID) is, independently of ASD, a risk factor for epilepsy, current literature calls into question the long-understood unique relationship between ASD and epilepsy. Second, data have been unclear about whether developmental regression in ASD is associated with epilepsy. Using two cohorts from an online research registry, totaling 6,975 children with ASD, we examined the independent role of four ASD severity measures in driving the relationship with epilepsy: ID, language impairment, core ASD symptom severity, and motor dysfunction, controlling for two known relevant factors: age and sex. We also examined whether developmental regression and epilepsy have an independent statistical link. All four ASD severity factors showed independent statistical associations with epilepsy in one cohort, and three in the other. ID showed the largest relative risk (RR) in both cohorts. Effect sizes were modest. Regression similarly showed an independent statistical association with epilepsy, but with small effect size. Similar to previous work, ID showed the greatest contribution to RR for epilepsy among children with ASD. However, other ASD severity markers showed statistical associations, demonstrating that the ASD-epilepsy association is not reducible to the effect of ID. Inconsistencies in the literature may be due to underpowered studies, yet moving forward with larger-n studies, clinical significance and scientific relevance may be dictated by effect size and not merely statistical significance. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1251-1259. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Epilepsy is known to occur more often in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) than is the case in the general population. The association between ASD and epilepsy is of interest because studying the two disorders in combination may help advance our understanding of genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms-as well as therapies-for both. Recent studies have suggested that intelligence quotient (IQ) alone in individuals with ASD may account for the increased prevalence of epilepsy. However, our approach was to look at a range of severity factors relevant to ASD and to look for correlations between each severity factor and epilepsy, within two large samples of children with ASD. In summary, we found that each severity factor-presence of intellectual disability, presence of language atypicalities, ASD-specific symptoms severity, and presence of motor issues-independently predicted a small increased risk for epilepsy, countering the argument that IQ alone is a risk factor. We also examined whether epilepsy is associated with developmental regression. Although severe epilepsy syndromes such as Landau-Kleffner syndrome are known to cause autistic-like symptoms following developmental regression, there is controversy about whether other forms of epilepsy are associated with the more common developmental regression seen in many young children with epilepsy. Indeed, we found a small association between epilepsy and developmental regression. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2132 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=405 Validation of the Mandarin Chinese version of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 for autism spectrum disorder / Mu-Hong CHEN in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 105 (July 2023)
[article]
Titre : Validation of the Mandarin Chinese version of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 for autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Mu-Hong CHEN, Auteur ; Chi-Fen HUANG, Auteur ; Yu-Siou LIN, Auteur ; Yen-Nan CHIU, Auteur ; Susan Shur-Fen GAU, Auteur ; Yu-Yu WU, Auteur Article en page(s) : 102184 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule Taiwan Validity Effect size Sensitivity Specificity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Second Edition (ADOS-2) is a benchmark in the assessment and diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and has been validated in different language settings, including German, Greek, and Korean. However, the diagnostic validity of the Taiwanese Mandarin Chinese version of the ADOS-2 is unknown. Methods The validity of the ADOS-2 was assessed in this study. We enrolled 218 patients, including toddlers, children, adolescents, and adults, with ASD diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. The study also enrolled 93 non-ASD controls. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of five modules were calculated. Results Based on the total scores of social affect and restricted and repetitive behaviors for the toddler module (MT) and Modules (M) 1-3 and the total score of communication and reciprocal social interaction for M4, we performed a receiver operating characteristic curve analyses, which revealed that the diagnostic specificity of the ADOS-2 ranged between 0.71 for M3 and 1.00 for MT, M1 with few to no words, and M2 with ? 5 years; the diagnostic sensitivity of the ADOS-2 ranged between 0.83 for MT with some words and 0.96 for M1 with few to no words. Discussion This study clinically established the diagnostic validity of the Taiwanese Mandarin Chinese version of the ADOS-2. The ADOS-2 may be used for the assessment and diagnosis of ASD in clinical settings in Taiwan. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2023.102184 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=508
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 105 (July 2023) . - 102184[article] Validation of the Mandarin Chinese version of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 for autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Mu-Hong CHEN, Auteur ; Chi-Fen HUANG, Auteur ; Yu-Siou LIN, Auteur ; Yen-Nan CHIU, Auteur ; Susan Shur-Fen GAU, Auteur ; Yu-Yu WU, Auteur . - 102184.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 105 (July 2023) . - 102184
Mots-clés : Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule Taiwan Validity Effect size Sensitivity Specificity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Second Edition (ADOS-2) is a benchmark in the assessment and diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and has been validated in different language settings, including German, Greek, and Korean. However, the diagnostic validity of the Taiwanese Mandarin Chinese version of the ADOS-2 is unknown. Methods The validity of the ADOS-2 was assessed in this study. We enrolled 218 patients, including toddlers, children, adolescents, and adults, with ASD diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. The study also enrolled 93 non-ASD controls. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of five modules were calculated. Results Based on the total scores of social affect and restricted and repetitive behaviors for the toddler module (MT) and Modules (M) 1-3 and the total score of communication and reciprocal social interaction for M4, we performed a receiver operating characteristic curve analyses, which revealed that the diagnostic specificity of the ADOS-2 ranged between 0.71 for M3 and 1.00 for MT, M1 with few to no words, and M2 with ? 5 years; the diagnostic sensitivity of the ADOS-2 ranged between 0.83 for MT with some words and 0.96 for M1 with few to no words. Discussion This study clinically established the diagnostic validity of the Taiwanese Mandarin Chinese version of the ADOS-2. The ADOS-2 may be used for the assessment and diagnosis of ASD in clinical settings in Taiwan. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2023.102184 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=508