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Endogenous Spatial Attention: Evidence for Intact Functioning in Adults With Autism / Michael A. GRUBB in Autism Research, 6-2 (April 2013)
[article]
Titre : Endogenous Spatial Attention: Evidence for Intact Functioning in Adults With Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Michael A. GRUBB, Auteur ; Marlene BEHRMANN, Auteur ; Ryan EGAN, Auteur ; Nancy J. MINSHEW, Auteur ; Marisa CARRASCO, Auteur ; David J. HEEGER, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p.108-118 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : attention spatial attention endogenous attention psychophysics adults autism autism spectrum disorders ASD Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Rapid manipulation of the attention field (i.e. the location and spread of visual spatial attention) is a critical aspect of human cognition, and previous research on spatial attention in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has produced inconsistent results. In a series of three psychophysical experiments, we evaluated claims in the literature that individuals with ASD exhibit a deficit in voluntarily controlling the deployment and size of the spatial attention field. We measured the spatial distribution of performance accuracies and reaction times to quantify the sizes and locations of the attention field, with and without spatial uncertainty (i.e. the lack of predictability concerning the spatial position of the upcoming stimulus). We found that high-functioning adults with autism exhibited slower reaction times overall with spatial uncertainty, but the effects of attention on performance accuracies and reaction times were indistinguishable between individuals with autism and typically developing individuals in all three experiments. These results provide evidence of intact endogenous spatial attention function in high-functioning adults with ASD, suggesting that atypical endogenous attention cannot be a latent characteristic of autism in general. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1269 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=199
in Autism Research > 6-2 (April 2013) . - p.108-118[article] Endogenous Spatial Attention: Evidence for Intact Functioning in Adults With Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Michael A. GRUBB, Auteur ; Marlene BEHRMANN, Auteur ; Ryan EGAN, Auteur ; Nancy J. MINSHEW, Auteur ; Marisa CARRASCO, Auteur ; David J. HEEGER, Auteur . - 2013 . - p.108-118.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 6-2 (April 2013) . - p.108-118
Mots-clés : attention spatial attention endogenous attention psychophysics adults autism autism spectrum disorders ASD Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Rapid manipulation of the attention field (i.e. the location and spread of visual spatial attention) is a critical aspect of human cognition, and previous research on spatial attention in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has produced inconsistent results. In a series of three psychophysical experiments, we evaluated claims in the literature that individuals with ASD exhibit a deficit in voluntarily controlling the deployment and size of the spatial attention field. We measured the spatial distribution of performance accuracies and reaction times to quantify the sizes and locations of the attention field, with and without spatial uncertainty (i.e. the lack of predictability concerning the spatial position of the upcoming stimulus). We found that high-functioning adults with autism exhibited slower reaction times overall with spatial uncertainty, but the effects of attention on performance accuracies and reaction times were indistinguishable between individuals with autism and typically developing individuals in all three experiments. These results provide evidence of intact endogenous spatial attention function in high-functioning adults with ASD, suggesting that atypical endogenous attention cannot be a latent characteristic of autism in general. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1269 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=199 Developmental change in look durations predicts later effortful control in toddlers at familial risk for ASD / A. HENDRY in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 10-1 (December 2018)
[article]
Titre : Developmental change in look durations predicts later effortful control in toddlers at familial risk for ASD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : A. HENDRY, Auteur ; E. J. H. JONES, Auteur ; Rachael BEDFORD, Auteur ; T. GLIGA, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; M. H. JOHNSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Asd Autism Development Effortful control Endogenous attention Endophenotype Executive attention Executive function Infant Sibling Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Difficulties with executive functioning (EF) are common in individuals with a range of developmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Interventions that target underlying mechanisms of EF early in development could be broadly beneficial, but require infant markers of such mechanisms in order to be feasible. Prospective studies of infants at high familial risk (HR) for ASD have revealed a surprising tendency for HR toddlers to show longer epochs of attention to faces than low-risk (LR) controls. In typical development, decreases in look durations towards the end of the first year of life are driven by the development of executive attention-a foundational component of EF. Here, we test the hypothesis that prolonged attention to visual stimuli (including faces) in HR toddlers reflects early differences in the development of executive attention. METHODS: In a longitudinal prospective study, we used eye-tracking to record HR and LR infants' looking behaviour to social and non-social visual stimuli at ages 9 and 15 months. At age 3 years, we assessed children with a battery of clinical research measures and collected parental report of effortful control (EC)-a temperament trait closely associated with EF and similarly contingent on executive attention. RESULTS: Consistent with previous studies, we found an attenuated reduction in peak look durations to faces between 9 and 15 months for the HR group compared with the LR group, and lower EC amongst the HR-ASD group. In line with our hypothesis, change in peak look duration to faces between 9 and 15 months was negatively associated with EC at age 3. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that for HR toddlers, disruption to the early development of executive attention results in an attenuated reduction in looking time to faces. Effects may be more apparent for faces due to early biases to orient towards them; further, attention difficulties may interact with earlier emerging differences in social information processing. Our finding that prolonged attention to faces may be an early indicator of disruption to the executive attention system is of potential value in screening for infants at risk for later EF difficulties and for evaluation of intervention outcomes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-017-9219-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=351
in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 10-1 (December 2018) . - p.3[article] Developmental change in look durations predicts later effortful control in toddlers at familial risk for ASD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / A. HENDRY, Auteur ; E. J. H. JONES, Auteur ; Rachael BEDFORD, Auteur ; T. GLIGA, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; M. H. JOHNSON, Auteur . - p.3.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 10-1 (December 2018) . - p.3
Mots-clés : Asd Autism Development Effortful control Endogenous attention Endophenotype Executive attention Executive function Infant Sibling Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Difficulties with executive functioning (EF) are common in individuals with a range of developmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Interventions that target underlying mechanisms of EF early in development could be broadly beneficial, but require infant markers of such mechanisms in order to be feasible. Prospective studies of infants at high familial risk (HR) for ASD have revealed a surprising tendency for HR toddlers to show longer epochs of attention to faces than low-risk (LR) controls. In typical development, decreases in look durations towards the end of the first year of life are driven by the development of executive attention-a foundational component of EF. Here, we test the hypothesis that prolonged attention to visual stimuli (including faces) in HR toddlers reflects early differences in the development of executive attention. METHODS: In a longitudinal prospective study, we used eye-tracking to record HR and LR infants' looking behaviour to social and non-social visual stimuli at ages 9 and 15 months. At age 3 years, we assessed children with a battery of clinical research measures and collected parental report of effortful control (EC)-a temperament trait closely associated with EF and similarly contingent on executive attention. RESULTS: Consistent with previous studies, we found an attenuated reduction in peak look durations to faces between 9 and 15 months for the HR group compared with the LR group, and lower EC amongst the HR-ASD group. In line with our hypothesis, change in peak look duration to faces between 9 and 15 months was negatively associated with EC at age 3. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that for HR toddlers, disruption to the early development of executive attention results in an attenuated reduction in looking time to faces. Effects may be more apparent for faces due to early biases to orient towards them; further, attention difficulties may interact with earlier emerging differences in social information processing. Our finding that prolonged attention to faces may be an early indicator of disruption to the executive attention system is of potential value in screening for infants at risk for later EF difficulties and for evaluation of intervention outcomes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-017-9219-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=351