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Gaze aversion as a cognitive load management strategy in autism spectrum disorder and Williams syndrome / DOHERTY-SNEDDON GWYNETH in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-4 (April 2012)
[article]
Titre : Gaze aversion as a cognitive load management strategy in autism spectrum disorder and Williams syndrome Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : DOHERTY-SNEDDON GWYNETH, Auteur ; Deborah M. RIBY, Auteur ; Lisa WHITTLE, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.420-430 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Eye contact gaze Williams syndrome gaze aversion autism spectrum disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: During face-to-face questioning, typically developing children and adults use gaze aversion (GA), away from their questioner, when thinking. GA increases with question difficulty and improves the accuracy of responses. This is the first study to investigate whether individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; associated with reduced sociability and atypical face gaze) and Williams syndrome (WS; associated with hypersociability and atypical face gaze) use GA to manage cognitive load during face-to-face interactions. Methods: Two studies were conducted exploring the typicality of GA during face-to-face questioning in (a) ASD and (b) WS. Results: In Study 1, children with ASD increased their GA as question difficulty increased. In addition, they used most GA when thinking about their responses to questions, mirroring evidence from typically developing children. An important atypicality for participants with ASD was a significantly higher level of GA when listening to interlocutors. In Study 2, participants with WS showed typical patterns of GA in relation to question difficulty and across different points of the interaction. Conclusions: Two different neuro-developmental disorders, both characterized by significant problems with executive control of attention and atypicalities of social interactions, exhibited generally typical patterns of GA. All groups used most GA while thinking about questions, and increased their GA as questions got harder. In addition, children with ASD showed elevated levels of GA while listening to questions, but not while thinking about or making their responses, suggesting that they sometimes fail to see the relevance of attending to visual cues rather than actively avoiding them. Results have important implications for how professionals interpret GA in these populations and for social skills training. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02481.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=152
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-4 (April 2012) . - p.420-430[article] Gaze aversion as a cognitive load management strategy in autism spectrum disorder and Williams syndrome [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / DOHERTY-SNEDDON GWYNETH, Auteur ; Deborah M. RIBY, Auteur ; Lisa WHITTLE, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.420-430.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-4 (April 2012) . - p.420-430
Mots-clés : Eye contact gaze Williams syndrome gaze aversion autism spectrum disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: During face-to-face questioning, typically developing children and adults use gaze aversion (GA), away from their questioner, when thinking. GA increases with question difficulty and improves the accuracy of responses. This is the first study to investigate whether individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; associated with reduced sociability and atypical face gaze) and Williams syndrome (WS; associated with hypersociability and atypical face gaze) use GA to manage cognitive load during face-to-face interactions. Methods: Two studies were conducted exploring the typicality of GA during face-to-face questioning in (a) ASD and (b) WS. Results: In Study 1, children with ASD increased their GA as question difficulty increased. In addition, they used most GA when thinking about their responses to questions, mirroring evidence from typically developing children. An important atypicality for participants with ASD was a significantly higher level of GA when listening to interlocutors. In Study 2, participants with WS showed typical patterns of GA in relation to question difficulty and across different points of the interaction. Conclusions: Two different neuro-developmental disorders, both characterized by significant problems with executive control of attention and atypicalities of social interactions, exhibited generally typical patterns of GA. All groups used most GA while thinking about questions, and increased their GA as questions got harder. In addition, children with ASD showed elevated levels of GA while listening to questions, but not while thinking about or making their responses, suggesting that they sometimes fail to see the relevance of attending to visual cues rather than actively avoiding them. Results have important implications for how professionals interpret GA in these populations and for social skills training. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02481.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=152 Differentiating social preference and social anxiety phenotypes in fragile X syndrome using an eye gaze analysis: a pilot study / M. P. HONG in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 11-1 (December 2019)
[article]
Titre : Differentiating social preference and social anxiety phenotypes in fragile X syndrome using an eye gaze analysis: a pilot study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : M. P. HONG, Auteur ; E. M. ECKERT, Auteur ; Ernest V. PEDAPATI, Auteur ; R. C. SHAFFER, Auteur ; K. C. DOMINICK, Auteur ; L. K. WINK, Auteur ; J. A. SWEENEY, Auteur ; C. A. ERICKSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : 1 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Eye tracking Fragile X syndrome Gaze aversion Social anxiety Social interest Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the leading inherited cause of autism spectrum disorder, but there remains debate regarding the clinical presentation of social deficits in FXS. The aim of this study was to compare individuals with FXS to typically developing controls (TDC) and individuals with idiopathic autism spectrum disorder (ASD) across two social eye tracking paradigms. METHODS: Individuals with FXS and age- and gender-matched TDC and individuals with idiopathic ASD completed emotional face and social preference eye tracking tasks to evaluate gaze aversion and social interest, respectively. Participants completed a battery of cognitive testing and caregiver-reported measures for neurobehavioral characterization. RESULTS: Individuals with FXS exhibited reduced eye and increased mouth gaze to emotional faces compared to TDC. Gaze aversive findings were found to correlate with measures of anxiety, social communication deficits, and behavioral problems. In the social interest task, while individuals with idiopathic ASD showed significantly less social preference, individuals with FXS displayed social preference similar to TDC. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest fragile X syndrome social deficits center on social anxiety without the prominent reduction in social interest associated with autism spectrum disorder. Specifically designed eye tracking techniques clarify the nature of social deficits in fragile X syndrome and may have applications to improve phenotyping and evaluate interventions targeting social functioning impairments. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-019-9262-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=386
in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 11-1 (December 2019) . - 1 p.[article] Differentiating social preference and social anxiety phenotypes in fragile X syndrome using an eye gaze analysis: a pilot study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / M. P. HONG, Auteur ; E. M. ECKERT, Auteur ; Ernest V. PEDAPATI, Auteur ; R. C. SHAFFER, Auteur ; K. C. DOMINICK, Auteur ; L. K. WINK, Auteur ; J. A. SWEENEY, Auteur ; C. A. ERICKSON, Auteur . - 1 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 11-1 (December 2019) . - 1 p.
Mots-clés : Autism Eye tracking Fragile X syndrome Gaze aversion Social anxiety Social interest Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the leading inherited cause of autism spectrum disorder, but there remains debate regarding the clinical presentation of social deficits in FXS. The aim of this study was to compare individuals with FXS to typically developing controls (TDC) and individuals with idiopathic autism spectrum disorder (ASD) across two social eye tracking paradigms. METHODS: Individuals with FXS and age- and gender-matched TDC and individuals with idiopathic ASD completed emotional face and social preference eye tracking tasks to evaluate gaze aversion and social interest, respectively. Participants completed a battery of cognitive testing and caregiver-reported measures for neurobehavioral characterization. RESULTS: Individuals with FXS exhibited reduced eye and increased mouth gaze to emotional faces compared to TDC. Gaze aversive findings were found to correlate with measures of anxiety, social communication deficits, and behavioral problems. In the social interest task, while individuals with idiopathic ASD showed significantly less social preference, individuals with FXS displayed social preference similar to TDC. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest fragile X syndrome social deficits center on social anxiety without the prominent reduction in social interest associated with autism spectrum disorder. Specifically designed eye tracking techniques clarify the nature of social deficits in fragile X syndrome and may have applications to improve phenotyping and evaluate interventions targeting social functioning impairments. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-019-9262-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=386