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Fear-Potentiated Startle Response Is Unrelated to Social or Emotional Functioning in Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders / Lindsey STERLING in Autism Research, 6-5 (October 2013)
[article]
Titre : Fear-Potentiated Startle Response Is Unrelated to Social or Emotional Functioning in Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lindsey STERLING, Auteur ; Jeffrey MUNSON, Auteur ; Annette ESTES, Auteur ; Michael MURIAS, Auteur ; Sara Jane WEBB, Auteur ; Bryan KING, Auteur ; Geraldine DAWSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.320-331 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders anxiety startle response amygdala Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : It has been suggested that atypical amygdala function contributes to the social impairments characteristic of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Previous research has demonstrated that adolescents and adults with ASD generate normal response during a fear-potentiated startle paradigm, suggesting this aspect of amygdala function is intact and may not account for the social dysfunction associated with the condition. The amygdala also plays a crucial role in the expression of anxiety and may contribute to high rates of reported anxiety in individuals with ASD. The present study partially replicates prior work by examining the fear-potentiated startle response in adolescents with ASD, and extends this to investigate the relationship between startle response and anxiety. Eyeblink magnitude and latency (electromyographic activity; EMG) were collected from 20 adolescents with ASD and 19 typically developing (TD) age-matched adolescents during a fear-potentiated startle paradigm. Parent-report and self-report of anxiety and additional psychiatric symptoms were collected. Parental reports indicated higher rates of associated psychopathology in adolescents with ASD compared with TD adolescents. Consistent with previous results, both groups showed normal potentiated startle response, and no group differences in EMG were found. Symptoms of anxiety and level of social impairment were unrelated to startle response. These findings held for all levels of anxiety, suggesting that within the context of the fear-potentiated startle paradigm, amygdala response is not associated with degree of atypical social or emotional functioning in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1289 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218
in Autism Research > 6-5 (October 2013) . - p.320-331[article] Fear-Potentiated Startle Response Is Unrelated to Social or Emotional Functioning in Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lindsey STERLING, Auteur ; Jeffrey MUNSON, Auteur ; Annette ESTES, Auteur ; Michael MURIAS, Auteur ; Sara Jane WEBB, Auteur ; Bryan KING, Auteur ; Geraldine DAWSON, Auteur . - p.320-331.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 6-5 (October 2013) . - p.320-331
Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders anxiety startle response amygdala Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : It has been suggested that atypical amygdala function contributes to the social impairments characteristic of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Previous research has demonstrated that adolescents and adults with ASD generate normal response during a fear-potentiated startle paradigm, suggesting this aspect of amygdala function is intact and may not account for the social dysfunction associated with the condition. The amygdala also plays a crucial role in the expression of anxiety and may contribute to high rates of reported anxiety in individuals with ASD. The present study partially replicates prior work by examining the fear-potentiated startle response in adolescents with ASD, and extends this to investigate the relationship between startle response and anxiety. Eyeblink magnitude and latency (electromyographic activity; EMG) were collected from 20 adolescents with ASD and 19 typically developing (TD) age-matched adolescents during a fear-potentiated startle paradigm. Parent-report and self-report of anxiety and additional psychiatric symptoms were collected. Parental reports indicated higher rates of associated psychopathology in adolescents with ASD compared with TD adolescents. Consistent with previous results, both groups showed normal potentiated startle response, and no group differences in EMG were found. Symptoms of anxiety and level of social impairment were unrelated to startle response. These findings held for all levels of anxiety, suggesting that within the context of the fear-potentiated startle paradigm, amygdala response is not associated with degree of atypical social or emotional functioning in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1289 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218 Physiological markers of anxiety are increased in children of abused mothers / Tanja JOVANOVIC in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-8 (August 2011)
[article]
Titre : Physiological markers of anxiety are increased in children of abused mothers Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Tanja JOVANOVIC, Auteur ; Ami SMITH, Auteur ; Asante KAMKWALALA, Auteur ; James POOLE, Auteur ; Tara SAMPLES, Auteur ; Seth D. NORRHOLM, Auteur ; Kerry J. RESSLER, Auteur ; Bekh BRADLEY, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.844-852 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Child abuse maternal trauma child anxiety startle response heart-rate variability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: A growing number of studies indicate that low income, African American men and women living in urban environments are at high risk for trauma exposure, which may have intergenerational effects. The current study employed psychophysiological methods to describe biomarkers of anxiety in children of traumatized mothers.
Methods: Study participants were recruited from a highly traumatized urban population, comprising mother–child pairs (n = 36) that included school-age children. Mothers were assessed for childhood abuse with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, as well as symptoms of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The children were measured for dark-enhanced startle responses and heart-rate variability.
Results: Dark-enhanced startle was found to be higher in children whose mothers had high levels of childhood physical abuse, as compared to children whose mothers had low levels of physical abuse. During the habituation phase of the startle experiment, children whose mothers had high levels of childhood emotional abuse had higher sympathetic system activation compared to children of mothers with low emotional abuse. These effects remained significant after accounting for maternal symptoms of PTSD and depression, as well as for the child’s trauma exposure.
Conclusion: These results demonstrate that children of mothers who have history of childhood physical and emotional abuse have higher dark-enhanced startle as well as greater sympathetic nervous system activation than children of mothers who do not report a history of childhood physical and emotional abuse, and emphasize the utility of physiological measures as pervasive biomarkers of psychopathology that can easily be measured in children.En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02410.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=132
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-8 (August 2011) . - p.844-852[article] Physiological markers of anxiety are increased in children of abused mothers [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Tanja JOVANOVIC, Auteur ; Ami SMITH, Auteur ; Asante KAMKWALALA, Auteur ; James POOLE, Auteur ; Tara SAMPLES, Auteur ; Seth D. NORRHOLM, Auteur ; Kerry J. RESSLER, Auteur ; Bekh BRADLEY, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.844-852.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-8 (August 2011) . - p.844-852
Mots-clés : Child abuse maternal trauma child anxiety startle response heart-rate variability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: A growing number of studies indicate that low income, African American men and women living in urban environments are at high risk for trauma exposure, which may have intergenerational effects. The current study employed psychophysiological methods to describe biomarkers of anxiety in children of traumatized mothers.
Methods: Study participants were recruited from a highly traumatized urban population, comprising mother–child pairs (n = 36) that included school-age children. Mothers were assessed for childhood abuse with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, as well as symptoms of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The children were measured for dark-enhanced startle responses and heart-rate variability.
Results: Dark-enhanced startle was found to be higher in children whose mothers had high levels of childhood physical abuse, as compared to children whose mothers had low levels of physical abuse. During the habituation phase of the startle experiment, children whose mothers had high levels of childhood emotional abuse had higher sympathetic system activation compared to children of mothers with low emotional abuse. These effects remained significant after accounting for maternal symptoms of PTSD and depression, as well as for the child’s trauma exposure.
Conclusion: These results demonstrate that children of mothers who have history of childhood physical and emotional abuse have higher dark-enhanced startle as well as greater sympathetic nervous system activation than children of mothers who do not report a history of childhood physical and emotional abuse, and emphasize the utility of physiological measures as pervasive biomarkers of psychopathology that can easily be measured in children.En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02410.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=132