Does Faux Pas Detection in Adult Autism Reflect Differences in Social Cognition or Decision-Making Abilities? / Flora I. THIÉBAUT in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-1 (January 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-1 (January 2016) . - p.103-112 Titre : Does Faux Pas Detection in Adult Autism Reflect Differences in Social Cognition or Decision-Making Abilities? Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Flora I. THIÉBAUT, Auteur ; Sarah J. WHITE, Auteur ; Annabel WALSH, Auteur ; Solja K. KLARGAARD, Auteur ; Hsuan-Chen WU, Auteur ; Geraint REES, Auteur ; Paul W. BURGESS, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : p.103-112 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Faux pas  Social cognition  Decision making  Open-ended  Compensatory strategy  Executive function Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : 43 typically-developed adults and 35 adults with ASD performed a cartoon faux pas test. Adults with ASD apparently over-detected faux pas despite good comprehension abilities, and were generally slower at responding. Signal detection analysis demonstrated that the ASD participants had significantly greater difficulty detecting whether a cartoon depicted a faux pas and showed a liberal response bias. Test item analysis demonstrated that the ASD group were not in agreement with a reference control group (n = 69) about which non-faux pas items were most difficult. These results suggest that the participants with ASD had a primary problem with faux pas detection, but that there is another factor at work, possibly compensatory, that relates to their choice of a liberal response criterion. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2551-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=278 [article] Does Faux Pas Detection in Adult Autism Reflect Differences in Social Cognition or Decision-Making Abilities? [texte imprimé] / Flora I. THIÉBAUT, Auteur ; Sarah J. WHITE, Auteur ; Annabel WALSH, Auteur ; Solja K. KLARGAARD, Auteur ; Hsuan-Chen WU, Auteur ; Geraint REES, Auteur ; Paul W. BURGESS, Auteur . - 2016 . - p.103-112. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-1 (January 2016) . - p.103-112 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Faux pas  Social cognition  Decision making  Open-ended  Compensatory strategy  Executive function Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : 43 typically-developed adults and 35 adults with ASD performed a cartoon faux pas test. Adults with ASD apparently over-detected faux pas despite good comprehension abilities, and were generally slower at responding. Signal detection analysis demonstrated that the ASD participants had significantly greater difficulty detecting whether a cartoon depicted a faux pas and showed a liberal response bias. Test item analysis demonstrated that the ASD group were not in agreement with a reference control group (n = 69) about which non-faux pas items were most difficult. These results suggest that the participants with ASD had a primary problem with faux pas detection, but that there is another factor at work, possibly compensatory, that relates to their choice of a liberal response criterion. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2551-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=278

Impairments on "open-ended" executive function tests in autism / Sarah WHITE in Autism Research, 2-3 (June 2009)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 2-3 (June 2009) . - p.138-147 Titre : Impairments on "open-ended" executive function tests in autism Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Sarah WHITE, Auteur ; Elisabeth HILL, Auteur ; Paul W. BURGESS, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : p.138-147 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism executive-function ecological-validity open-ended implicit Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The executive function (EF) theory of autism has received much support recently from a growing number of studies. However, executive impairments have not always been easy to identify consistently and so novel ecologically valid tests have been designed which tap into real-life scenarios that are relevant to and representative of everyday behavior. One characteristic of many of these tasks is that they present the participant with an ill-structured or open-ended situation. Here, we investigated the possibility that tasks with greater degrees of open-endedness might prove more sensitive to detecting executive impairment in autism. Forty-five children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were compared to 27 age- and IQ-matched control children on a range of cognitive tests of EF. Group differences were found on half of the tasks, with the greatest degree of impairment detected on the more open-ended tasks. The ASD group also performed more poorly on a simple control condition of a task. Detailed consideration of task performance suggested that the ASD group tended to create fewer spontaneous strategies and exhibit more idiosyncratic behavior, which particularly disadvantaged them on the more open-ended tasks. These kinds of behaviors have been reported in studies of neurological patients with frontal lobe involvement, prima facie suggesting a link between the scientific fields. However, we suggest that this behavior might equally result from a poor understanding of the implicit demands made by the experimenter in open-ended test situations, due to the socio-communicative difficulties of these children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.78 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=937 [article] Impairments on "open-ended" executive function tests in autism [texte imprimé] / Sarah WHITE, Auteur ; Elisabeth HILL, Auteur ; Paul W. BURGESS, Auteur . - 2009 . - p.138-147. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 2-3 (June 2009) . - p.138-147 Mots-clés : autism executive-function ecological-validity open-ended implicit Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The executive function (EF) theory of autism has received much support recently from a growing number of studies. However, executive impairments have not always been easy to identify consistently and so novel ecologically valid tests have been designed which tap into real-life scenarios that are relevant to and representative of everyday behavior. One characteristic of many of these tasks is that they present the participant with an ill-structured or open-ended situation. Here, we investigated the possibility that tasks with greater degrees of open-endedness might prove more sensitive to detecting executive impairment in autism. Forty-five children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were compared to 27 age- and IQ-matched control children on a range of cognitive tests of EF. Group differences were found on half of the tasks, with the greatest degree of impairment detected on the more open-ended tasks. The ASD group also performed more poorly on a simple control condition of a task. Detailed consideration of task performance suggested that the ASD group tended to create fewer spontaneous strategies and exhibit more idiosyncratic behavior, which particularly disadvantaged them on the more open-ended tasks. These kinds of behaviors have been reported in studies of neurological patients with frontal lobe involvement, prima facie suggesting a link between the scientific fields. However, we suggest that this behavior might equally result from a poor understanding of the implicit demands made by the experimenter in open-ended test situations, due to the socio-communicative difficulties of these children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.78 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=937

Mentalising and conversation-following in autism / Hsuan-Chen WU in Autism, 24-8 (November 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 24-8 (November 2020) . - p.1980-1994 Titre : Mentalising and conversation-following in autism Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Hsuan-Chen WU, Auteur ; Francesca BIONDO, Auteur ; Ciara O'MAHONY, Auteur ; Sarah WHITE, Auteur ; Flora THIEBAUT, Auteur ; Geraint REES, Auteur ; Paul W. BURGESS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1980-1994 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : *autism  *conversation  *heterogeneity  *mentalising  *social interaction Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Some people with autism spectrum disorders have been observed to experience difficulties with making correct inferences in conversations in social situations. However, the nature and origin of their problem is rarely investigated. This study used manipulations of video stimuli to investigate two questions. The first question was whether it is the number of people involved in social situations, that is, the source of problems in following conversations, or whether it is the increased mentalising demands required to comprehend interactions between several people. The second question asked was whether the nature and pattern of the errors that autism spectrum disorder participants show are the same as typically developing people make when they make an error. In total, 43 typically developed adults and 30 adults diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder were studied. We found that it was the amount of mentalising required, rather than the number of people involved, which caused problems for people with autism spectrum disorder in following conversations. Furthermore, the autism spectrum disorder participants showed a more heterogeneous pattern of errors, showing less agreement among themselves than the typically developed group as to which test items were hardest. So, fully understanding the observed behaviour consequent upon weakness in mentalising ability in people with autism spectrum disorders requires consideration of factors other than mentalising. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320935690 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431 [article] Mentalising and conversation-following in autism [texte imprimé] / Hsuan-Chen WU, Auteur ; Francesca BIONDO, Auteur ; Ciara O'MAHONY, Auteur ; Sarah WHITE, Auteur ; Flora THIEBAUT, Auteur ; Geraint REES, Auteur ; Paul W. BURGESS, Auteur . - p.1980-1994. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 24-8 (November 2020) . - p.1980-1994 Mots-clés : *autism  *conversation  *heterogeneity  *mentalising  *social interaction Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Some people with autism spectrum disorders have been observed to experience difficulties with making correct inferences in conversations in social situations. However, the nature and origin of their problem is rarely investigated. This study used manipulations of video stimuli to investigate two questions. The first question was whether it is the number of people involved in social situations, that is, the source of problems in following conversations, or whether it is the increased mentalising demands required to comprehend interactions between several people. The second question asked was whether the nature and pattern of the errors that autism spectrum disorder participants show are the same as typically developing people make when they make an error. In total, 43 typically developed adults and 30 adults diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder were studied. We found that it was the amount of mentalising required, rather than the number of people involved, which caused problems for people with autism spectrum disorder in following conversations. Furthermore, the autism spectrum disorder participants showed a more heterogeneous pattern of errors, showing less agreement among themselves than the typically developed group as to which test items were hardest. So, fully understanding the observed behaviour consequent upon weakness in mentalising ability in people with autism spectrum disorders requires consideration of factors other than mentalising. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320935690 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431

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