A pharmacogenetic study of escitalopram in autism spectrum disorders / Thomas OWLEY in Autism Research, 3-1 (February 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 3-1 (February 2010) . - p.1-7 Titre : A pharmacogenetic study of escitalopram in autism spectrum disorders Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Thomas OWLEY, Auteur ; Edwin H. Jr COOK, Auteur ; Bennett L. LEVENTHAL, Auteur ; Camille W. BRUNE, Auteur ; Jeff SALT, Auteur ; Laura WALTON, Auteur ; Steve GUTER, Auteur ; Nelson AYUYAO, Auteur ; Robert D. GIBBONS, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.1-7 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autistic-disorder escitalopram pharmacogenetics open-label drug-treatment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Objective: To determine the effect of serotonin transporter polymorphism promoter region (5-HTTPLR) genotypic variation (low, intermediate, and high expression groups) on response to escitalopram treatment of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Method: The study used a forced titration, open label design, with genotype blind until study completion. Participants were children and adolescents aged 4-17 years of age with a confirmed ASD (autistic disorder, Asperger's disorder, or pervasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified). Results: There was an interaction between genotype group and time on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) Irritability Subscale (primary outcome variable) (linear maximum marginal likelihood estimation=-4.84, Z=-2.89, SE=1.67, P=0.004). Examination of baseline to last visit revealed that a genotype grouping based on a previous study of platelet 5-HT uptake revealed less response in the genotype group that had S/S genotype for 5-HTTLPR and did not have a diplotype in intron 1 previously shown to be associated with increased platelet 5-HT uptake. Conclusion: This genotype-blind, prospective pharmacogenetic study found the group of subjects with associated with the lowest platelet 5-HT uptake from previous study had the smallest reduction in ABC-Irritability scores after open label treatment with escitalopram. Replication is necessary to confirm these findings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.109 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=993 [article] A pharmacogenetic study of escitalopram in autism spectrum disorders [texte imprimé] / Thomas OWLEY, Auteur ; Edwin H. Jr COOK, Auteur ; Bennett L. LEVENTHAL, Auteur ; Camille W. BRUNE, Auteur ; Jeff SALT, Auteur ; Laura WALTON, Auteur ; Steve GUTER, Auteur ; Nelson AYUYAO, Auteur ; Robert D. GIBBONS, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.1-7. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 3-1 (February 2010) . - p.1-7 Mots-clés : autistic-disorder escitalopram pharmacogenetics open-label drug-treatment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Objective: To determine the effect of serotonin transporter polymorphism promoter region (5-HTTPLR) genotypic variation (low, intermediate, and high expression groups) on response to escitalopram treatment of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Method: The study used a forced titration, open label design, with genotype blind until study completion. Participants were children and adolescents aged 4-17 years of age with a confirmed ASD (autistic disorder, Asperger's disorder, or pervasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified). Results: There was an interaction between genotype group and time on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) Irritability Subscale (primary outcome variable) (linear maximum marginal likelihood estimation=-4.84, Z=-2.89, SE=1.67, P=0.004). Examination of baseline to last visit revealed that a genotype grouping based on a previous study of platelet 5-HT uptake revealed less response in the genotype group that had S/S genotype for 5-HTTLPR and did not have a diplotype in intron 1 previously shown to be associated with increased platelet 5-HT uptake. Conclusion: This genotype-blind, prospective pharmacogenetic study found the group of subjects with associated with the lowest platelet 5-HT uptake from previous study had the smallest reduction in ABC-Irritability scores after open label treatment with escitalopram. Replication is necessary to confirm these findings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.109 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=993

The Scottish Centre for Autism Preschool Treatment Programme: I: A Developmental Approach to Early Intervention / Jeff SALT in Autism, 5-4 (December 2001)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 5-4 (December 2001) . - p.362-373 Titre : The Scottish Centre for Autism Preschool Treatment Programme: I: A Developmental Approach to Early Intervention Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jeff SALT, Auteur ; Val SELLARS, Auteur ; John SHEMILT, Auteur ; Sheila BOYD, Auteur ; Tracey COULSON, Auteur ; Susan MCCOOL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.362-373 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Early intervention is an area of intense current interest for parents and professionals. This article describes a mainstream National Health Service (NHS) approach to early intervention, developed at the Scottish Centre for Autism. The aims of treatment are to improve the child's early social communication and social interaction skills, leading to the potential development of play and flexibility of behaviour. This is achieved by 1:1 intensive treatment by trained therapists, and a schedule of parent training. The treatment protocol incorporates a child led approach; the use of imitation as a therapeutic strategy; using language contingent on activities; and the introduction of flexibility into play and social exchanges. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361301005004003 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=209 [article] The Scottish Centre for Autism Preschool Treatment Programme: I: A Developmental Approach to Early Intervention [texte imprimé] / Jeff SALT, Auteur ; Val SELLARS, Auteur ; John SHEMILT, Auteur ; Sheila BOYD, Auteur ; Tracey COULSON, Auteur ; Susan MCCOOL, Auteur . - p.362-373. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 5-4 (December 2001) . - p.362-373 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Early intervention is an area of intense current interest for parents and professionals. This article describes a mainstream National Health Service (NHS) approach to early intervention, developed at the Scottish Centre for Autism. The aims of treatment are to improve the child's early social communication and social interaction skills, leading to the potential development of play and flexibility of behaviour. This is achieved by 1:1 intensive treatment by trained therapists, and a schedule of parent training. The treatment protocol incorporates a child led approach; the use of imitation as a therapeutic strategy; using language contingent on activities; and the introduction of flexibility into play and social exchanges. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361301005004003 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=209

The Scottish Centre for Autism Preschool Treatment Programme: II: The Results of a Controlled Treatment Outcome Study / Jeff SALT in Autism, 6-1 (March 2002)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 6-1 (March 2002) . - p.33-46 Titre : The Scottish Centre for Autism Preschool Treatment Programme: II: The Results of a Controlled Treatment Outcome Study Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jeff SALT, Auteur ; John SHEMILT, Auteur ; Val SELLARS, Auteur ; Sheila BOYD, Auteur ; Tracey COULSON, Auteur ; Susan MC COOL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.33-46 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This article evaluates the effectiveness of a developmentally based early intervention programme. Two groups of children were compared, a treatment group and a no-treatment control group. Standardized assessments were administered before and after the intervention period by an independent clinician. Pre-treatment comparisons revealed that the control group had a significantly higher pre-treatment IQ; but the two groups were comparable for age, mental age, socioeconomic status and number of hours of non-experimental therapy. Results demonstrated that children in the treatment group improved significantly more than those in the control group on measures of joint attention, social interaction, imitation, daily living skills, motor skills and an adaptive behaviour composite. A measure of requesting behaviour fell short of statistical significance. The total stress index reduced for treatment group parents and increased for the control group parents (but not significantly). The results of the study are considered to support the efficacy of this treatment approach. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361302006001004 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=209 [article] The Scottish Centre for Autism Preschool Treatment Programme: II: The Results of a Controlled Treatment Outcome Study [texte imprimé] / Jeff SALT, Auteur ; John SHEMILT, Auteur ; Val SELLARS, Auteur ; Sheila BOYD, Auteur ; Tracey COULSON, Auteur ; Susan MC COOL, Auteur . - p.33-46. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 6-1 (March 2002) . - p.33-46 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This article evaluates the effectiveness of a developmentally based early intervention programme. Two groups of children were compared, a treatment group and a no-treatment control group. Standardized assessments were administered before and after the intervention period by an independent clinician. Pre-treatment comparisons revealed that the control group had a significantly higher pre-treatment IQ; but the two groups were comparable for age, mental age, socioeconomic status and number of hours of non-experimental therapy. Results demonstrated that children in the treatment group improved significantly more than those in the control group on measures of joint attention, social interaction, imitation, daily living skills, motor skills and an adaptive behaviour composite. A measure of requesting behaviour fell short of statistical significance. The total stress index reduced for treatment group parents and increased for the control group parents (but not significantly). The results of the study are considered to support the efficacy of this treatment approach. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361302006001004 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=209

Vocabulary comprehension in adults with fragile X syndrome (FXS) / Anne HOFFMANN in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 11-1 (December 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 11-1 (December 2019) . - 25 p. Titre : Vocabulary comprehension in adults with fragile X syndrome (FXS) Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Anne HOFFMANN, Auteur ; Sue Ellen KRAUSE, Auteur ; Joanne WUU, Auteur ; Sue LEURGANS, Auteur ; Stephen GUTER, Auteur ; Sandra S. BLOCK, Auteur ; Jeff SALT, Auteur ; Edwin COOK, Auteur ; Dominick M. MAINO, Auteur ; Elizabeth BERRY-KRAVIS, Auteur Article en page(s) : 25 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adults  Cognition  Comprehension  Fragile X syndrome  Language  Vocabulary Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Receptive and expressive vocabulary in adult and adolescent males with fragile X syndrome (FXS) have been shown as significantly lower than their chronological age; however, receptive vocabulary has been considered a strength relative to mental age. This has not been formally examined, however, and data are needed to compare receptive vocabulary with other language skills and with mental age in individuals with FXS. This is especially important as vocabulary measures are sometimes used as a proxy to estimate language ability. METHODS: This preliminary study examined receptive vocabulary, global language, and cognitive skills in 42 adults (33 males and 9 females) with FXS as a portion of the baseline evaluation prior to randomization in a clinical trial of ampakine CX516. The battery of standardized tests addressed receptive vocabulary with the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Third Edition (PPVT-III), receptive and expressive language (termed henceforth as global language) via the Preschool Language Scale, Fourth Edition or the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals, Third Edition, and non-verbal cognition via the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, Fourth Edition (SB-IV). RESULTS: Results showed (1) significantly higher receptive vocabulary than global language, (2) significantly better receptive vocabulary than non-verbal cognition, (3) equivalent non-verbal cognition and global language, and (4) severity of autism symptomatology was not correlated to receptive vocabulary or global language once non-verbal cognition was removed as factor. The scores from the PPVT-III did not represent the global language skills in our sample of adults with FXS. CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this investigation strongly suggest that the PPVT-III should not be used as a screening tool for language levels or cognitive function in clinical studies since the scores from the PPVT-III were not representative of global language or non-verbal cognitive skills in adults with intellectual disabilities. This finding is critical in order to understand how to evaluate, as well as to treat, language in individuals with FXS. Development of efficient and appropriate tools to measure language, cognition, and behavior in individuals with FXS is essential. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-019-9285-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=409 [article] Vocabulary comprehension in adults with fragile X syndrome (FXS) [texte imprimé] / Anne HOFFMANN, Auteur ; Sue Ellen KRAUSE, Auteur ; Joanne WUU, Auteur ; Sue LEURGANS, Auteur ; Stephen GUTER, Auteur ; Sandra S. BLOCK, Auteur ; Jeff SALT, Auteur ; Edwin COOK, Auteur ; Dominick M. MAINO, Auteur ; Elizabeth BERRY-KRAVIS, Auteur . - 25 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 11-1 (December 2019) . - 25 p. Mots-clés : Adults  Cognition  Comprehension  Fragile X syndrome  Language  Vocabulary Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Receptive and expressive vocabulary in adult and adolescent males with fragile X syndrome (FXS) have been shown as significantly lower than their chronological age; however, receptive vocabulary has been considered a strength relative to mental age. This has not been formally examined, however, and data are needed to compare receptive vocabulary with other language skills and with mental age in individuals with FXS. This is especially important as vocabulary measures are sometimes used as a proxy to estimate language ability. METHODS: This preliminary study examined receptive vocabulary, global language, and cognitive skills in 42 adults (33 males and 9 females) with FXS as a portion of the baseline evaluation prior to randomization in a clinical trial of ampakine CX516. The battery of standardized tests addressed receptive vocabulary with the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Third Edition (PPVT-III), receptive and expressive language (termed henceforth as global language) via the Preschool Language Scale, Fourth Edition or the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals, Third Edition, and non-verbal cognition via the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, Fourth Edition (SB-IV). RESULTS: Results showed (1) significantly higher receptive vocabulary than global language, (2) significantly better receptive vocabulary than non-verbal cognition, (3) equivalent non-verbal cognition and global language, and (4) severity of autism symptomatology was not correlated to receptive vocabulary or global language once non-verbal cognition was removed as factor. The scores from the PPVT-III did not represent the global language skills in our sample of adults with FXS. CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this investigation strongly suggest that the PPVT-III should not be used as a screening tool for language levels or cognitive function in clinical studies since the scores from the PPVT-III were not representative of global language or non-verbal cognitive skills in adults with intellectual disabilities. This finding is critical in order to understand how to evaluate, as well as to treat, language in individuals with FXS. Development of efficient and appropriate tools to measure language, cognition, and behavior in individuals with FXS is essential. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-019-9285-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=409

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