Gender Ratios in Autism, Asperger Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder / Paul WHITELEY in Autism Insights, 2 ([01/01/2010])  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Insights > 2 [01/01/2010] . - p.17-24 Titre : Gender Ratios in Autism, Asperger Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Application, site Internet Auteurs : Paul WHITELEY, Auteur ; Lynda TODD, Auteur ; Kevin CARR, Auteur ; Paul SHATTOCK, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.17-24 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Skewed sex ratios indicative of a greater preponderance of males over females (approximating 4:1) has perhaps been the most constant collective finding in autism spectrum conditions. More recent investigations have indicated a potential change to traditional estimates of gender ratios. We undertook analysis to calculate contemporaneous gender ratios based on collective and individual sub-diagnoses. A sample of 1963 children diagnosed with autism (n = 460), Asperger syndrome (n = 366) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (n = 1137) were included for study. The overall gender ratio based on a year of birth between 1986–2007 was 7.38:1. Differences were found amongst the sub-diagnoses for the same period (autism = 6.54:1, Asperger syndrome = 12.07:1; ASD = 6.84:1). Analysis of annual trends indicated an irregular upwards tendency to gender ratios indicative of increasing over-representation of males with an autism spectrum condition despite no indication of greater disparity in population sex ratios at birth. Further independent studies are required to corroborate our findings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/AUI.S3938 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=118 [article] Gender Ratios in Autism, Asperger Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder [Application, site Internet] / Paul WHITELEY, Auteur ; Lynda TODD, Auteur ; Kevin CARR, Auteur ; Paul SHATTOCK, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.17-24. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Insights > 2 [01/01/2010] . - p.17-24 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Skewed sex ratios indicative of a greater preponderance of males over females (approximating 4:1) has perhaps been the most constant collective finding in autism spectrum conditions. More recent investigations have indicated a potential change to traditional estimates of gender ratios. We undertook analysis to calculate contemporaneous gender ratios based on collective and individual sub-diagnoses. A sample of 1963 children diagnosed with autism (n = 460), Asperger syndrome (n = 366) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (n = 1137) were included for study. The overall gender ratio based on a year of birth between 1986–2007 was 7.38:1. Differences were found amongst the sub-diagnoses for the same period (autism = 6.54:1, Asperger syndrome = 12.07:1; ASD = 6.84:1). Analysis of annual trends indicated an irregular upwards tendency to gender ratios indicative of increasing over-representation of males with an autism spectrum condition despite no indication of greater disparity in population sex ratios at birth. Further independent studies are required to corroborate our findings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/AUI.S3938 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=118

How Could a Gluten- and Casein-Free Diet Ameliorate Symptoms Associated with Autism Spectrum Conditions? / Paul WHITELEY in Autism Insights, 2 ([01/01/2010])  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Insights > 2 [01/01/2010] . - p.39-53 Titre : How Could a Gluten- and Casein-Free Diet Ameliorate Symptoms Associated with Autism Spectrum Conditions? Type de document : Application, site Internet Auteurs : Paul WHITELEY, Auteur ; Paul SHATTOCK, Auteur ; Kevin CARR, Auteur ; Malcolm HOOPER, Auteur ; Lynda TODD, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.39-53 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is a considerable body of experimental evidence suggesting potential efficacy of a diet devoid of gluten and casein in ameliorating some of the core and peripheral symptoms of autism spectrum conditions. Although phenotypic details of best- and non-responders to dietary change remain under investigation, the range of biological mechanisms implicated during intervention is growing. The question of how diet works remains unanswered. We discuss three prospective modes of action used alone and in combination to explain the effects of a gluten- and casein-free diet on autism spectrum conditions focussed on direct or co-morbid consequences of: i) gluten sensitive enteropathy or coeliac disease, ii) food allergy and/or atopic disease, and iii) underlying hyperpermeability of the gastrointestinal tract (leaky gut) and subsequent passage of biologically-active peptide and related species into the central nervous system. No single theory offers a universal explanation for the biological basis of dietary effectiveness despite individual associations with various cases of autism. Impaired intestinal barrier function is a common denominator and represents a promising area for investigation. Furthermore, a number of key points derived from each model offer testable markers for experimental evaluation onwards to ascertaining potential responsiveness to such dietary intervention in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/AUI.S6275 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=118 [article] How Could a Gluten- and Casein-Free Diet Ameliorate Symptoms Associated with Autism Spectrum Conditions? [Application, site Internet] / Paul WHITELEY, Auteur ; Paul SHATTOCK, Auteur ; Kevin CARR, Auteur ; Malcolm HOOPER, Auteur ; Lynda TODD, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.39-53. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Insights > 2 [01/01/2010] . - p.39-53 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is a considerable body of experimental evidence suggesting potential efficacy of a diet devoid of gluten and casein in ameliorating some of the core and peripheral symptoms of autism spectrum conditions. Although phenotypic details of best- and non-responders to dietary change remain under investigation, the range of biological mechanisms implicated during intervention is growing. The question of how diet works remains unanswered. We discuss three prospective modes of action used alone and in combination to explain the effects of a gluten- and casein-free diet on autism spectrum conditions focussed on direct or co-morbid consequences of: i) gluten sensitive enteropathy or coeliac disease, ii) food allergy and/or atopic disease, and iii) underlying hyperpermeability of the gastrointestinal tract (leaky gut) and subsequent passage of biologically-active peptide and related species into the central nervous system. No single theory offers a universal explanation for the biological basis of dietary effectiveness despite individual associations with various cases of autism. Impaired intestinal barrier function is a common denominator and represents a promising area for investigation. Furthermore, a number of key points derived from each model offer testable markers for experimental evaluation onwards to ascertaining potential responsiveness to such dietary intervention in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/AUI.S6275 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=118

Trends in Developmental, Behavioral and Somatic Factors by Diagnostic Sub-group in Pervasive Developmental Disorders: A Follow-up Analysis / Paul WHITELEY in Autism Insights, 1 ([01/01/2009])  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Insights > 1 [01/01/2009] . - p.3-17 Titre : Trends in Developmental, Behavioral and Somatic Factors by Diagnostic Sub-group in Pervasive Developmental Disorders: A Follow-up Analysis Type de document : Application, site Internet Auteurs : Paul WHITELEY, Auteur ; Lynda TODD, Auteur ; Kalliopi DODOU, Auteur ; Paul SHATTOCK, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : p.3-17 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Differences in the frequency of several somatic conditions have been tentatively reported between the diagnostic sub-groups of pervasive developmental disorder (PDD). Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of a database was used to test these preliminary findings. A sample of 1189 children diagnosed with autism (n = 267), Asperger syndrome (n = 210) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (n = 712) were included for study. Parental reporting of PDD sub-groups provided a number of significant (P < 0.01) differentiating developmental and behavioral items concomitant with diagnostic guidelines and anticipated level of functioning per grouping. Significant somatic discriminators previously reported between the sub-groups were corroborated; most notably a reported history of the bacterial skin infection impetigo. The majority of the somatic items identified were specifically related to a diagnosis of Asperger syndrome. En ligne : http://www.la-press.com/redirect_file.php?fileId=2425&filename=1725-AUI-Trends-i [...] Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=118 [article] Trends in Developmental, Behavioral and Somatic Factors by Diagnostic Sub-group in Pervasive Developmental Disorders: A Follow-up Analysis [Application, site Internet] / Paul WHITELEY, Auteur ; Lynda TODD, Auteur ; Kalliopi DODOU, Auteur ; Paul SHATTOCK, Auteur . - 2009 . - p.3-17. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Insights > 1 [01/01/2009] . - p.3-17 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Differences in the frequency of several somatic conditions have been tentatively reported between the diagnostic sub-groups of pervasive developmental disorder (PDD). Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of a database was used to test these preliminary findings. A sample of 1189 children diagnosed with autism (n = 267), Asperger syndrome (n = 210) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (n = 712) were included for study. Parental reporting of PDD sub-groups provided a number of significant (P < 0.01) differentiating developmental and behavioral items concomitant with diagnostic guidelines and anticipated level of functioning per grouping. Significant somatic discriminators previously reported between the sub-groups were corroborated; most notably a reported history of the bacterial skin infection impetigo. The majority of the somatic items identified were specifically related to a diagnosis of Asperger syndrome. En ligne : http://www.la-press.com/redirect_file.php?fileId=2425&filename=1725-AUI-Trends-i [...] Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=118

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