Clinical Features Associated with Autism: Observations of Symptoms Outside the Diagnostic Boundaries of Autistic Spectrum Disorders / Paul WHITELEY in Autism, 2-4 (December 1998)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 2-4 (December 1998) . - p.415-422 Titre : Clinical Features Associated with Autism: Observations of Symptoms Outside the Diagnostic Boundaries of Autistic Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Paul WHITELEY, Auteur ; Jacqui RODGERS, Auteur ; Paul SHATTOCK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.415-422 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism is traditionally viewed as a pervasive developmental disorder, diagnosed on the basis of clinically observed behavioural symptoms in the absence of any quantifiable biochemical or neurological markers. Anecdotal reports of the coincidence of certain physiological anomalies in subgroups of children with autistic spectrum disorders, outside the syndrome's diagnostic definition, have not as yet been adequately catalogued. Findings are presented from parental interviews (n = 46), examining the type and prevalence of these additional health and psychological factors, and their connection to a possible immunological/metabolic basis to autism and associated spectrum disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361398024006 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=207 [article] Clinical Features Associated with Autism: Observations of Symptoms Outside the Diagnostic Boundaries of Autistic Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Paul WHITELEY, Auteur ; Jacqui RODGERS, Auteur ; Paul SHATTOCK, Auteur . - p.415-422. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 2-4 (December 1998) . - p.415-422 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism is traditionally viewed as a pervasive developmental disorder, diagnosed on the basis of clinically observed behavioural symptoms in the absence of any quantifiable biochemical or neurological markers. Anecdotal reports of the coincidence of certain physiological anomalies in subgroups of children with autistic spectrum disorders, outside the syndrome's diagnostic definition, have not as yet been adequately catalogued. Findings are presented from parental interviews (n = 46), examining the type and prevalence of these additional health and psychological factors, and their connection to a possible immunological/metabolic basis to autism and associated spectrum disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361398024006 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=207

Feeding Patterns in Autism / Paul WHITELEY in Autism, 4-2 (June 2000)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 4-2 (June 2000) . - p.207-211 Titre : Feeding Patterns in Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Paul WHITELEY, Auteur ; Jacqui RODGERS, Auteur ; Paul SHATTOCK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.207-211 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361300004002008 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=208 [article] Feeding Patterns in Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Paul WHITELEY, Auteur ; Jacqui RODGERS, Auteur ; Paul SHATTOCK, Auteur . - p.207-211. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 4-2 (June 2000) . - p.207-211 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361300004002008 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=208

Gender Ratios in Autism, Asperger Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder / Paul WHITELEY in Autism Insights, 2 ([01/01/2010])  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Insights > 2 [01/01/2010] . - p.17-24 Titre : Gender Ratios in Autism, Asperger Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Application, site Internet Auteurs : Paul WHITELEY, Auteur ; Lynda TODD, Auteur ; Kevin CARR, Auteur ; Paul SHATTOCK, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.17-24 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Skewed sex ratios indicative of a greater preponderance of males over females (approximating 4:1) has perhaps been the most constant collective finding in autism spectrum conditions. More recent investigations have indicated a potential change to traditional estimates of gender ratios. We undertook analysis to calculate contemporaneous gender ratios based on collective and individual sub-diagnoses. A sample of 1963 children diagnosed with autism (n = 460), Asperger syndrome (n = 366) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (n = 1137) were included for study. The overall gender ratio based on a year of birth between 1986–2007 was 7.38:1. Differences were found amongst the sub-diagnoses for the same period (autism = 6.54:1, Asperger syndrome = 12.07:1; ASD = 6.84:1). Analysis of annual trends indicated an irregular upwards tendency to gender ratios indicative of increasing over-representation of males with an autism spectrum condition despite no indication of greater disparity in population sex ratios at birth. Further independent studies are required to corroborate our findings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/AUI.S3938 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=118 [article] Gender Ratios in Autism, Asperger Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder [Application, site Internet] / Paul WHITELEY, Auteur ; Lynda TODD, Auteur ; Kevin CARR, Auteur ; Paul SHATTOCK, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.17-24. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Insights > 2 [01/01/2010] . - p.17-24 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Skewed sex ratios indicative of a greater preponderance of males over females (approximating 4:1) has perhaps been the most constant collective finding in autism spectrum conditions. More recent investigations have indicated a potential change to traditional estimates of gender ratios. We undertook analysis to calculate contemporaneous gender ratios based on collective and individual sub-diagnoses. A sample of 1963 children diagnosed with autism (n = 460), Asperger syndrome (n = 366) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (n = 1137) were included for study. The overall gender ratio based on a year of birth between 1986–2007 was 7.38:1. Differences were found amongst the sub-diagnoses for the same period (autism = 6.54:1, Asperger syndrome = 12.07:1; ASD = 6.84:1). Analysis of annual trends indicated an irregular upwards tendency to gender ratios indicative of increasing over-representation of males with an autism spectrum condition despite no indication of greater disparity in population sex ratios at birth. Further independent studies are required to corroborate our findings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/AUI.S3938 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=118

A Gluten-Free Diet as an Intervention for Autism and Associated Spectrum Disorders: Preliminary Findings / Paul WHITELEY in Autism, 3-1 (March 1999)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 3-1 (March 1999) . - p.45-65 Titre : A Gluten-Free Diet as an Intervention for Autism and Associated Spectrum Disorders: Preliminary Findings Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Paul WHITELEY, Auteur ; Jacqui RODGERS, Auteur ; Dawn SAVERY, Auteur ; Paul SHATTOCK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.45-65 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The opioid-excess hypothesis of autism suggests that autism is the consequence of the incomplete breakdown and excessive absorption of peptides with opioid activity (derived from foods which contain gluten and casein), causing disruption to biochemical and neuroregulatory processes. Biochemical evidence has indicated the presence of increased levels of peptides in the urine of people with autism, and previous behavioural studies have demonstrated a connection between the long term exclusion of gluten and casein from the diet and improvements in the behaviour of some children with autism. The introduction of a gluten-free diet to children with autism and associated spectrum disorders (n 5 22) was monitored over a 5 month period using a battery of parental and teacher interview/questionnaire sessions, observation reports, psychometric tests and urinary profiling. Results suggested that participants on a gluten-free diet showed an improvement on a number of behavioural measures. However there was no significant decrease in specific urinary compounds excreted when compared with controls and a gluten challenge group. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361399003001005 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=208 [article] A Gluten-Free Diet as an Intervention for Autism and Associated Spectrum Disorders: Preliminary Findings [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Paul WHITELEY, Auteur ; Jacqui RODGERS, Auteur ; Dawn SAVERY, Auteur ; Paul SHATTOCK, Auteur . - p.45-65. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 3-1 (March 1999) . - p.45-65 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The opioid-excess hypothesis of autism suggests that autism is the consequence of the incomplete breakdown and excessive absorption of peptides with opioid activity (derived from foods which contain gluten and casein), causing disruption to biochemical and neuroregulatory processes. Biochemical evidence has indicated the presence of increased levels of peptides in the urine of people with autism, and previous behavioural studies have demonstrated a connection between the long term exclusion of gluten and casein from the diet and improvements in the behaviour of some children with autism. The introduction of a gluten-free diet to children with autism and associated spectrum disorders (n 5 22) was monitored over a 5 month period using a battery of parental and teacher interview/questionnaire sessions, observation reports, psychometric tests and urinary profiling. Results suggested that participants on a gluten-free diet showed an improvement on a number of behavioural measures. However there was no significant decrease in specific urinary compounds excreted when compared with controls and a gluten challenge group. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361399003001005 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=208

How Could a Gluten- and Casein-Free Diet Ameliorate Symptoms Associated with Autism Spectrum Conditions? / Paul WHITELEY in Autism Insights, 2 ([01/01/2010])  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Insights > 2 [01/01/2010] . - p.39-53 Titre : How Could a Gluten- and Casein-Free Diet Ameliorate Symptoms Associated with Autism Spectrum Conditions? Type de document : Application, site Internet Auteurs : Paul WHITELEY, Auteur ; Paul SHATTOCK, Auteur ; Kevin CARR, Auteur ; Malcolm HOOPER, Auteur ; Lynda TODD, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.39-53 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is a considerable body of experimental evidence suggesting potential efficacy of a diet devoid of gluten and casein in ameliorating some of the core and peripheral symptoms of autism spectrum conditions. Although phenotypic details of best- and non-responders to dietary change remain under investigation, the range of biological mechanisms implicated during intervention is growing. The question of how diet works remains unanswered. We discuss three prospective modes of action used alone and in combination to explain the effects of a gluten- and casein-free diet on autism spectrum conditions focussed on direct or co-morbid consequences of: i) gluten sensitive enteropathy or coeliac disease, ii) food allergy and/or atopic disease, and iii) underlying hyperpermeability of the gastrointestinal tract (leaky gut) and subsequent passage of biologically-active peptide and related species into the central nervous system. No single theory offers a universal explanation for the biological basis of dietary effectiveness despite individual associations with various cases of autism. Impaired intestinal barrier function is a common denominator and represents a promising area for investigation. Furthermore, a number of key points derived from each model offer testable markers for experimental evaluation onwards to ascertaining potential responsiveness to such dietary intervention in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/AUI.S6275 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=118 [article] How Could a Gluten- and Casein-Free Diet Ameliorate Symptoms Associated with Autism Spectrum Conditions? [Application, site Internet] / Paul WHITELEY, Auteur ; Paul SHATTOCK, Auteur ; Kevin CARR, Auteur ; Malcolm HOOPER, Auteur ; Lynda TODD, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.39-53. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Insights > 2 [01/01/2010] . - p.39-53 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is a considerable body of experimental evidence suggesting potential efficacy of a diet devoid of gluten and casein in ameliorating some of the core and peripheral symptoms of autism spectrum conditions. Although phenotypic details of best- and non-responders to dietary change remain under investigation, the range of biological mechanisms implicated during intervention is growing. The question of how diet works remains unanswered. We discuss three prospective modes of action used alone and in combination to explain the effects of a gluten- and casein-free diet on autism spectrum conditions focussed on direct or co-morbid consequences of: i) gluten sensitive enteropathy or coeliac disease, ii) food allergy and/or atopic disease, and iii) underlying hyperpermeability of the gastrointestinal tract (leaky gut) and subsequent passage of biologically-active peptide and related species into the central nervous system. No single theory offers a universal explanation for the biological basis of dietary effectiveness despite individual associations with various cases of autism. Impaired intestinal barrier function is a common denominator and represents a promising area for investigation. Furthermore, a number of key points derived from each model offer testable markers for experimental evaluation onwards to ascertaining potential responsiveness to such dietary intervention in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/AUI.S6275 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=118

MMR and Autism: C. Gillberg H. Heijdal, Autism, 1998, 2(4), 423-4 / Paul SHATTOCK in Autism, 3-1 (March 1999)  

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Trends in Developmental, Behavioral and Somatic Factors by Diagnostic Sub-group in Pervasive Developmental Disorders: A Follow-up Analysis / Paul WHITELEY in Autism Insights, 1 ([01/01/2009])  

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