Intestinal disaccharidase activity in patients with autism. Effect of age, gender, and intestinal inflammation / Rafail I. KUSHAK in Autism, 15-3 (May 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 15-3 (May 2011) . - p.285-294 Titre : Intestinal disaccharidase activity in patients with autism. Effect of age, gender, and intestinal inflammation Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rafail I. KUSHAK, Auteur ; Gregory Y. LAUWERS, Auteur ; Harland S. WINTER, Auteur ; Timothy M. BUIE, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.285-294 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  disaccharidases  inflammation  intestine Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Intestinal disaccharidase activities were measured in 199 individuals with autism to determine the frequency of enzyme deficiency. All patients had duodenal biopsies that were evaluated morphologically and assayed for lactase, sucrase, and maltase activity. Frequency of lactase deficiency was 58% in autistic children ≤ 5 years old and 65% in older patients. As would be expected, patients with autism at age 5 > years demonstrated significant decline in lactase activity (24%, p = .02) in comparison with ≤ 5 years old autistic patients. Boys ≤ 5 years old with autism had 1.7 fold lower lactase activity than girls with autism (p = .02). Only 6% of autistic patients had intestinal inflammation. Lactase deficiency not associated with intestinal inflammation or injury is common in autistic children and may contribute to abdominal discomfort, pain and observed aberrant behavior. Most autistic children with lactose intolerance are not identified by clinical history. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361310369142 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=130 [article] Intestinal disaccharidase activity in patients with autism. Effect of age, gender, and intestinal inflammation [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rafail I. KUSHAK, Auteur ; Gregory Y. LAUWERS, Auteur ; Harland S. WINTER, Auteur ; Timothy M. BUIE, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.285-294. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 15-3 (May 2011) . - p.285-294 Mots-clés : autism  disaccharidases  inflammation  intestine Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Intestinal disaccharidase activities were measured in 199 individuals with autism to determine the frequency of enzyme deficiency. All patients had duodenal biopsies that were evaluated morphologically and assayed for lactase, sucrase, and maltase activity. Frequency of lactase deficiency was 58% in autistic children ≤ 5 years old and 65% in older patients. As would be expected, patients with autism at age 5 > years demonstrated significant decline in lactase activity (24%, p = .02) in comparison with ≤ 5 years old autistic patients. Boys ≤ 5 years old with autism had 1.7 fold lower lactase activity than girls with autism (p = .02). Only 6% of autistic patients had intestinal inflammation. Lactase deficiency not associated with intestinal inflammation or injury is common in autistic children and may contribute to abdominal discomfort, pain and observed aberrant behavior. Most autistic children with lactose intolerance are not identified by clinical history. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361310369142 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=130

Intestinal microbiota, metabolome and gender dimorphism in autism spectrum disorders / Rafail I. KUSHAK in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 49 (May 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 49 (May 2018) . - p.65-74 Titre : Intestinal microbiota, metabolome and gender dimorphism in autism spectrum disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rafail I. KUSHAK, Auteur ; Harland S. WINTER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.65-74 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Gender  Microbiota  Metabolome  Gut-brain interactions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is a male predominance in autism, with a male/female ratio of 4:1 and an even higher ratio (11:1) in individuals with high functioning autism. The reasons for gender differences in ASD are unknown. Genetic and environmental factors have been implicated, but no definitive evidence exists to explain male predominance. In this review, evidence is presented to support a hypothesis that the intestinal microbiota and metabolome play a role in gender dimorphism in children with autism. Metabolic products may affect not only gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the central nervous system, but also behavior, supporting communication between GI tract and central nervous system. Furthermore, mood and anxiety may affect intestinal function, indicating bidirectional flow in the gut-brain axis. Several hormone-based hypotheses are discussed to explain the prevalence of autism in males. Observations in animal models and studies in humans on the intestinal microbiome and metabolome are reviewed to support the proposed gender dimorphism hypothesis. We hypothesize that the intestinal microbiome is a contributing factor to the prevalence of ASD in boys either directly, through microbial metabolites and/or epigenetic factors capable of regulating host gene expression through DNA methylation and/or histone modification. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2018.01.009 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=340 [article] Intestinal microbiota, metabolome and gender dimorphism in autism spectrum disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rafail I. KUSHAK, Auteur ; Harland S. WINTER, Auteur . - p.65-74. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 49 (May 2018) . - p.65-74 Mots-clés : Autism  Gender  Microbiota  Metabolome  Gut-brain interactions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is a male predominance in autism, with a male/female ratio of 4:1 and an even higher ratio (11:1) in individuals with high functioning autism. The reasons for gender differences in ASD are unknown. Genetic and environmental factors have been implicated, but no definitive evidence exists to explain male predominance. In this review, evidence is presented to support a hypothesis that the intestinal microbiota and metabolome play a role in gender dimorphism in children with autism. Metabolic products may affect not only gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the central nervous system, but also behavior, supporting communication between GI tract and central nervous system. Furthermore, mood and anxiety may affect intestinal function, indicating bidirectional flow in the gut-brain axis. Several hormone-based hypotheses are discussed to explain the prevalence of autism in males. Observations in animal models and studies in humans on the intestinal microbiome and metabolome are reviewed to support the proposed gender dimorphism hypothesis. We hypothesize that the intestinal microbiome is a contributing factor to the prevalence of ASD in boys either directly, through microbial metabolites and/or epigenetic factors capable of regulating host gene expression through DNA methylation and/or histone modification. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2018.01.009 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=340

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