Accessing and selecting word meaning in autism spectrum disorder / Lynnette M. HENDERSON in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-9 (September 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-9 (September 2011) . - p.964-973 Titre : Accessing and selecting word meaning in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lynnette M. HENDERSON, Auteur ; Paula J. CLARKE, Auteur ; Margaret J. SNOWLING, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.964-973 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Language comprehension  ambiguity resolution  semantic priming  homonyms  poor comprehenders Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Comprehension difficulties are commonly reported in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but the causes of these difficulties are poorly understood. This study investigates how children with ASD access and select meanings of ambiguous words to test four hypotheses regarding the nature of their comprehension difficulties: semantic deficit, weak central coherence, reduced top-down control and inhibition deficit. Methods:  The cross-modal semantic priming paradigm was used. Children heard homonym primes in isolation or as final words in sentences biased towards the subordinate meaning and then named picture targets depicting dominant or subordinate associates of homonyms. Results:  When homonyms were presented in isolation, children with ASD and controls showed priming for dominant and subordinate pictures at 250ms ISI. At 1,000ms ISI, the controls showed dominant (but not subordinate) priming whilst the ASD group did not show any priming. When homonyms were presented in subordinate sentence contexts, both groups only showed priming for context-appropriate (subordinate) meanings at 250ms ISI, suggesting that context has an early influence on meaning selection. At 1,000ms ISI the controls showed context-appropriate (but not inappropriate) priming whereas the ASD group showed both appropriate and inappropriate priming. Conclusions:  Children with ASD showed intact access to semantic information early in the time course of processing; however, they showed impairments in the selection of semantic representations later in processing. These findings suggest that a difficulty with initiating top-down strategies to modulate online semantic processing may compromise language comprehension in ASD. Implications for intervention are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02393.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=141 [article] Accessing and selecting word meaning in autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lynnette M. HENDERSON, Auteur ; Paula J. CLARKE, Auteur ; Margaret J. SNOWLING, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.964-973. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-9 (September 2011) . - p.964-973 Mots-clés : Language comprehension  ambiguity resolution  semantic priming  homonyms  poor comprehenders Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Comprehension difficulties are commonly reported in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but the causes of these difficulties are poorly understood. This study investigates how children with ASD access and select meanings of ambiguous words to test four hypotheses regarding the nature of their comprehension difficulties: semantic deficit, weak central coherence, reduced top-down control and inhibition deficit. Methods:  The cross-modal semantic priming paradigm was used. Children heard homonym primes in isolation or as final words in sentences biased towards the subordinate meaning and then named picture targets depicting dominant or subordinate associates of homonyms. Results:  When homonyms were presented in isolation, children with ASD and controls showed priming for dominant and subordinate pictures at 250ms ISI. At 1,000ms ISI, the controls showed dominant (but not subordinate) priming whilst the ASD group did not show any priming. When homonyms were presented in subordinate sentence contexts, both groups only showed priming for context-appropriate (subordinate) meanings at 250ms ISI, suggesting that context has an early influence on meaning selection. At 1,000ms ISI the controls showed context-appropriate (but not inappropriate) priming whereas the ASD group showed both appropriate and inappropriate priming. Conclusions:  Children with ASD showed intact access to semantic information early in the time course of processing; however, they showed impairments in the selection of semantic representations later in processing. These findings suggest that a difficulty with initiating top-down strategies to modulate online semantic processing may compromise language comprehension in ASD. Implications for intervention are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02393.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=141

Efficacy of a reading and language intervention for children with Down syndrome: a randomized controlled trial / Kelly BURGOYNE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-10 (October 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-10 (October 2012) . - p.1044-53 Titre : Efficacy of a reading and language intervention for children with Down syndrome: a randomized controlled trial Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kelly BURGOYNE, Auteur ; Fiona J. DUFF, Auteur ; Paula J. CLARKE, Auteur ; Sue BUCKLEY, Auteur ; Margaret J. SNOWLING, Auteur ; Charles HULME, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.1044-53 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Down syndrome  early literacy  intervention  language  phonological awareness  RCT Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  This study evaluates the effects of a language and literacy intervention for children with Down syndrome. Methods:  Teaching assistants (TAs) were trained to deliver a reading and language intervention to children in individual daily 40-min sessions. We used a waiting list control design, in which half the sample received the intervention immediately, whereas the remaining children received the treatment after a 20-week delay. Fifty-seven children with Down syndrome in mainstream primary schools in two UK locations (Yorkshire and Hampshire) were randomly allocated to intervention (40 weeks of intervention) and waiting control (20 weeks of intervention) groups. Assessments were conducted at three time points: pre-intervention, after 20 weeks of intervention, and after 40 weeks of intervention. Results:  After 20 weeks of intervention, the intervention group showed significantly greater progress than the waiting control group on measures of single word reading, letter-sound knowledge, phoneme blending and taught expressive vocabulary. Effects did not transfer to other skills (nonword reading, spelling, standardised expressive and receptive vocabulary, expressive information and grammar). After 40 weeks of intervention, the intervention group remained numerically ahead of the control group on most key outcome measures; but these differences were not significant. Children who were younger, attended more intervention sessions, and had better initial receptive language skills made greater progress during the course of the intervention. Conclusions:  A TA-delivered intervention produced improvements in the reading and language skills of children with Down syndrome. Gains were largest in skills directly taught with little evidence of generalization to skills not directly taught in the intervention. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02557.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=181 [article] Efficacy of a reading and language intervention for children with Down syndrome: a randomized controlled trial [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kelly BURGOYNE, Auteur ; Fiona J. DUFF, Auteur ; Paula J. CLARKE, Auteur ; Sue BUCKLEY, Auteur ; Margaret J. SNOWLING, Auteur ; Charles HULME, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.1044-53. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-10 (October 2012) . - p.1044-53 Mots-clés : Down syndrome  early literacy  intervention  language  phonological awareness  RCT Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  This study evaluates the effects of a language and literacy intervention for children with Down syndrome. Methods:  Teaching assistants (TAs) were trained to deliver a reading and language intervention to children in individual daily 40-min sessions. We used a waiting list control design, in which half the sample received the intervention immediately, whereas the remaining children received the treatment after a 20-week delay. Fifty-seven children with Down syndrome in mainstream primary schools in two UK locations (Yorkshire and Hampshire) were randomly allocated to intervention (40 weeks of intervention) and waiting control (20 weeks of intervention) groups. Assessments were conducted at three time points: pre-intervention, after 20 weeks of intervention, and after 40 weeks of intervention. Results:  After 20 weeks of intervention, the intervention group showed significantly greater progress than the waiting control group on measures of single word reading, letter-sound knowledge, phoneme blending and taught expressive vocabulary. Effects did not transfer to other skills (nonword reading, spelling, standardised expressive and receptive vocabulary, expressive information and grammar). After 40 weeks of intervention, the intervention group remained numerically ahead of the control group on most key outcome measures; but these differences were not significant. Children who were younger, attended more intervention sessions, and had better initial receptive language skills made greater progress during the course of the intervention. Conclusions:  A TA-delivered intervention produced improvements in the reading and language skills of children with Down syndrome. Gains were largest in skills directly taught with little evidence of generalization to skills not directly taught in the intervention. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02557.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=181

Emotion recognition in faces and the use of visual context Vo in young people with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders / Barry WRIGHT in Autism, 12-6 (November 2008)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 12-6 (November 2008) . - p.607-626 Titre : Emotion recognition in faces and the use of visual context Vo in young people with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Barry WRIGHT, Auteur ; Jeremy N.V. MILES, Auteur ; Kate NATION, Auteur ; Natalie CLARKE, Auteur ; JO JORDAN, Auteur ; Andrew W. YOUNG, Auteur ; Leesa CLARKE, Auteur ; Christine WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Paula J. CLARKE, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p.607-626 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Asperger-syndrome autism central-coherence emotion-recognition facial-expression visual-context Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We compared young people with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) with age, sex and IQ matched controls on emotion recognition of faces and pictorial context. Each participant completed two tests of emotion recognition. The first used Ekman series faces. The second used facial expressions in visual context. A control task involved identifying occupations using visual context. The ability to recognize emotions in faces (with or without context) and the ability to identify occupations from context was positively correlated with both increasing age and IQ score. Neither a diagnosis of ASD nor a measure of severity (Autism Quotient score) affected these abilities, except that the participants with ASD were significantly worse at recognizing angry and happy facial expressions. Unlike the control group, most participants with ASD mirrored the facial expression before interpreting it. Test conditions may lead to results different from everyday life. Alternatively, deficits in emotion recognition in high-functioning ASD may be less marked than previously thought. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361308097118 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=643 [article] Emotion recognition in faces and the use of visual context Vo in young people with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Barry WRIGHT, Auteur ; Jeremy N.V. MILES, Auteur ; Kate NATION, Auteur ; Natalie CLARKE, Auteur ; JO JORDAN, Auteur ; Andrew W. YOUNG, Auteur ; Leesa CLARKE, Auteur ; Christine WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Paula J. CLARKE, Auteur . - 2008 . - p.607-626. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 12-6 (November 2008) . - p.607-626 Mots-clés : Asperger-syndrome autism central-coherence emotion-recognition facial-expression visual-context Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We compared young people with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) with age, sex and IQ matched controls on emotion recognition of faces and pictorial context. Each participant completed two tests of emotion recognition. The first used Ekman series faces. The second used facial expressions in visual context. A control task involved identifying occupations using visual context. The ability to recognize emotions in faces (with or without context) and the ability to identify occupations from context was positively correlated with both increasing age and IQ score. Neither a diagnosis of ASD nor a measure of severity (Autism Quotient score) affected these abilities, except that the participants with ASD were significantly worse at recognizing angry and happy facial expressions. Unlike the control group, most participants with ASD mirrored the facial expression before interpreting it. Test conditions may lead to results different from everyday life. Alternatively, deficits in emotion recognition in high-functioning ASD may be less marked than previously thought. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361308097118 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=643

Practitioner Review: Reading disorders: what are the effective interventions and how should they be implemented and evaluated? / Fiona J. DUFF in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-1 (January 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-1 (January 2011) . - p.3-12 Titre : Practitioner Review: Reading disorders: what are the effective interventions and how should they be implemented and evaluated? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Fiona J. DUFF, Auteur ; Paula J. CLARKE, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.3-12 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Dyslexia  education  evaluation  comprehension  intervention  reading  reading disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Two developmental reading disorders, dyslexia and reading comprehension impairment, are identified by different behavioural characteristics and traced back to different underlying cognitive impairments. Thus, reading interventions designed to address each of these reading disorders differ in content. Method:  This review summarises the nature of dyslexia and reading comprehension impairment, and current understanding of best practice in associated reading interventions. Conclusion:  There is strong evidence for the effectiveness of phonological-based reading interventions in supporting children with dyslexic difficulties, and a growing understanding of how to meet the needs of children with reading comprehension impairment, with vocabulary instruction offering a promising approach. Although the content of interventions must be tailored to an individual’s reader profile, general principles regarding the implementation and evaluation of intervention programmes can be extracted. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02310.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=113 [article] Practitioner Review: Reading disorders: what are the effective interventions and how should they be implemented and evaluated? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Fiona J. DUFF, Auteur ; Paula J. CLARKE, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.3-12. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-1 (January 2011) . - p.3-12 Mots-clés : Dyslexia  education  evaluation  comprehension  intervention  reading  reading disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Two developmental reading disorders, dyslexia and reading comprehension impairment, are identified by different behavioural characteristics and traced back to different underlying cognitive impairments. Thus, reading interventions designed to address each of these reading disorders differ in content. Method:  This review summarises the nature of dyslexia and reading comprehension impairment, and current understanding of best practice in associated reading interventions. Conclusion:  There is strong evidence for the effectiveness of phonological-based reading interventions in supporting children with dyslexic difficulties, and a growing understanding of how to meet the needs of children with reading comprehension impairment, with vocabulary instruction offering a promising approach. Although the content of interventions must be tailored to an individual’s reader profile, general principles regarding the implementation and evaluation of intervention programmes can be extracted. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02310.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=113

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