Dépouillements

Practitioner Review: Use of antiepileptic drugs in children / Renzo GUERRINI in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-2 (February 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-2 (February 2006) . - p.115–126 Titre : Practitioner Review: Use of antiepileptic drugs in children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Renzo GUERRINI, Auteur ; Lucio PARMEGGIANI, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p.115–126 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Childhood-epilepsies antiepileptic-drugs epilepsy-treatmentside-effects epilepsy-syndromes Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: The aim in treating epilepsy is to minimise or control seizures with full respect of quality-of-life issues, especially of cognitive functions. Optimal treatment first demands a correct recognition of the major type of seizures, followed by a correct diagnosis of the type of epilepsy or of the specific syndrome. Methods: Review of data from literature and personal clinical experience in treating children with epilepsy. Results: After summarising the general aspects on the diagnosis and treatment of the main forms of childhood epilepsy, we review key issues about management of seizure disorders, including when to start treatment, how to proceed when the first treatment fails, and how to set the targets of treatment. A special section is devoted to the new concept of epileptic encephalopathy and to the influence of 'interictal' EEG abnormalities on cognition, behaviour, and motor abilities in children, providing some suggestions on why and how to treat these conditions. A second section approaches the choice of treatment according to the specific syndromes including infantile spasms, focal epilepsies, syndromes with typical absence seizures, the myoclonic epilepsies and the Lennox–Gastaut syndrome. Conclusions: Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) can efficiently control seizures in most children. However, the specificity of AEDs is relatively limited, although continuing research is leading to a better understanding of the relationship between pathogenesis and the mechanism(s) and site(s) of drug action. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01458.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=709 [article] Practitioner Review: Use of antiepileptic drugs in children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Renzo GUERRINI, Auteur ; Lucio PARMEGGIANI, Auteur . - 2006 . - p.115–126. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-2 (February 2006) . - p.115–126 Mots-clés : Childhood-epilepsies antiepileptic-drugs epilepsy-treatmentside-effects epilepsy-syndromes Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: The aim in treating epilepsy is to minimise or control seizures with full respect of quality-of-life issues, especially of cognitive functions. Optimal treatment first demands a correct recognition of the major type of seizures, followed by a correct diagnosis of the type of epilepsy or of the specific syndrome. Methods: Review of data from literature and personal clinical experience in treating children with epilepsy. Results: After summarising the general aspects on the diagnosis and treatment of the main forms of childhood epilepsy, we review key issues about management of seizure disorders, including when to start treatment, how to proceed when the first treatment fails, and how to set the targets of treatment. A special section is devoted to the new concept of epileptic encephalopathy and to the influence of 'interictal' EEG abnormalities on cognition, behaviour, and motor abilities in children, providing some suggestions on why and how to treat these conditions. A second section approaches the choice of treatment according to the specific syndromes including infantile spasms, focal epilepsies, syndromes with typical absence seizures, the myoclonic epilepsies and the Lennox–Gastaut syndrome. Conclusions: Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) can efficiently control seizures in most children. However, the specificity of AEDs is relatively limited, although continuing research is leading to a better understanding of the relationship between pathogenesis and the mechanism(s) and site(s) of drug action. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01458.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=709

A randomised controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of an early psychological intervention with children involved in road traffic accidents / Paul STALLARD in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-2 (February 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-2 (February 2006) . - p.127–134 Titre : A randomised controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of an early psychological intervention with children involved in road traffic accidents Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Paul STALLARD, Auteur ; Richard VELLEMAN, Auteur ; Emma SALTER, Auteur ; Imogen HOWSE, Auteur ; William YULE, Auteur ; Gordon TAYLOR, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p.127–134 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Children trauma early-intervention debriefing PTSD RCT Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Objective: To determine whether an early intervention using a psychological debriefing format is effective in preventing psychological distress in child road traffic accident survivors. Design: Randomised controlled trial. Setting: Accident and Emergency Department, Royal United Hospital, Bath. Subjects: 158 children aged 7–18. Follow-up assessment completed eight months post accident with 132 (70/82 of the experimental group and 62/76 in the control group). Main outcome measures: Self-completed measures of psychological distress; fulfilment of diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder. Results: Children in both groups demonstrated considerable improvements at follow-up. The early intervention did not result in any additional significant gains. Conclusions: Although children in this study made significant improvements it is unclear whether these are better or worse than natural recovery rates. The specific intervention did not result in additional gains although the structured assessment provided for both groups may have been helpful in reducing subsequent pathology. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01459.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=710 [article] A randomised controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of an early psychological intervention with children involved in road traffic accidents [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Paul STALLARD, Auteur ; Richard VELLEMAN, Auteur ; Emma SALTER, Auteur ; Imogen HOWSE, Auteur ; William YULE, Auteur ; Gordon TAYLOR, Auteur . - 2006 . - p.127–134. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-2 (February 2006) . - p.127–134 Mots-clés : Children trauma early-intervention debriefing PTSD RCT Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Objective: To determine whether an early intervention using a psychological debriefing format is effective in preventing psychological distress in child road traffic accident survivors. Design: Randomised controlled trial. Setting: Accident and Emergency Department, Royal United Hospital, Bath. Subjects: 158 children aged 7–18. Follow-up assessment completed eight months post accident with 132 (70/82 of the experimental group and 62/76 in the control group). Main outcome measures: Self-completed measures of psychological distress; fulfilment of diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder. Results: Children in both groups demonstrated considerable improvements at follow-up. The early intervention did not result in any additional significant gains. Conclusions: Although children in this study made significant improvements it is unclear whether these are better or worse than natural recovery rates. The specific intervention did not result in additional gains although the structured assessment provided for both groups may have been helpful in reducing subsequent pathology. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01459.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=710

Psychostimulant and other effects of caffeine in 9- to 11-year-old children / Susan V. HEATHERLEY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-2 (February 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-2 (February 2006) . - p.135–142 Titre : Psychostimulant and other effects of caffeine in 9- to 11-year-old children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Susan V. HEATHERLEY, Auteur ; Katie M.F. HANCOCK, Auteur ; Peter J. ROGERS, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p.135–142 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Caffeine children cognitive-performance alertness headache mood Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Recent research on adults suggests that 'beneficial' psychostimulant effects of caffeine are found only in the context of caffeine deprivation; that is, caffeine improves psychomotor and cognitive performance in habitual caffeine consumers following caffeine withdrawal. Furthermore, no net benefit is gained because performance is merely restored to 'baseline' levels. The effects of caffeine in children is an under-researched area, with only a handful of studies being carried out in the US where children's consumption of caffeine appears to be lower on average than in the UK. Method: Twenty-six children aged between 9 and 11 years completed a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Habitual caffeine consumers (mean daily caffeine intake = 109 mg) and non/low-consumers (12 mg) were tested on two separate days following overnight caffeine abstinence. On each day measures of cognitive performance (a number search task), and self-rated mood and physical symptoms, including alertness and headache, were taken before and after administration of 50 mg of caffeine, or placebo. Results: At baseline (before treatment), the habitual consumers showed poorer performance on the cognitive test than did the non/low-consumers, although no significant differences in mood or physical symptoms were found between the two groups. There were significant habit by treatment (caffeine vs. placebo) interactions for accuracy of performance and headache, and a significant main effect of treatment for alertness. Post hoc comparisons showed that caffeine administration improved the consumers' accuracy on the cognitive test (to near the level displayed by the non/low-consumers at baseline), but that it had no significant effect on the non/low-consumers' performance. In the consumers, caffeine prevented an increase in headache that occurred after placebo, and it increased alertness relative to placebo. Again, however, caffeine did not significantly affect levels of headache or alertness in the non/low-consumers. Conclusions: These results suggest that, like adults, children probably derive little or no benefit from habitual caffeine intake, although negative symptoms associated with overnight caffeine withdrawal are avoided or rapidly reversed by subsequent caffeine consumption. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01457.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=711 [article] Psychostimulant and other effects of caffeine in 9- to 11-year-old children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Susan V. HEATHERLEY, Auteur ; Katie M.F. HANCOCK, Auteur ; Peter J. ROGERS, Auteur . - 2006 . - p.135–142. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-2 (February 2006) . - p.135–142 Mots-clés : Caffeine children cognitive-performance alertness headache mood Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Recent research on adults suggests that 'beneficial' psychostimulant effects of caffeine are found only in the context of caffeine deprivation; that is, caffeine improves psychomotor and cognitive performance in habitual caffeine consumers following caffeine withdrawal. Furthermore, no net benefit is gained because performance is merely restored to 'baseline' levels. The effects of caffeine in children is an under-researched area, with only a handful of studies being carried out in the US where children's consumption of caffeine appears to be lower on average than in the UK. Method: Twenty-six children aged between 9 and 11 years completed a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Habitual caffeine consumers (mean daily caffeine intake = 109 mg) and non/low-consumers (12 mg) were tested on two separate days following overnight caffeine abstinence. On each day measures of cognitive performance (a number search task), and self-rated mood and physical symptoms, including alertness and headache, were taken before and after administration of 50 mg of caffeine, or placebo. Results: At baseline (before treatment), the habitual consumers showed poorer performance on the cognitive test than did the non/low-consumers, although no significant differences in mood or physical symptoms were found between the two groups. There were significant habit by treatment (caffeine vs. placebo) interactions for accuracy of performance and headache, and a significant main effect of treatment for alertness. Post hoc comparisons showed that caffeine administration improved the consumers' accuracy on the cognitive test (to near the level displayed by the non/low-consumers at baseline), but that it had no significant effect on the non/low-consumers' performance. In the consumers, caffeine prevented an increase in headache that occurred after placebo, and it increased alertness relative to placebo. Again, however, caffeine did not significantly affect levels of headache or alertness in the non/low-consumers. Conclusions: These results suggest that, like adults, children probably derive little or no benefit from habitual caffeine intake, although negative symptoms associated with overnight caffeine withdrawal are avoided or rapidly reversed by subsequent caffeine consumption. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01457.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=711

Children's subjective emotional reactivity to affective pictures: gender differences and their antisocial correlates in an unselected sample of 7–11-year-olds / Carla SHARP in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-2 (February 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-2 (February 2006) . - p.143-150 Titre : Children's subjective emotional reactivity to affective pictures: gender differences and their antisocial correlates in an unselected sample of 7–11-year-olds Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Carla SHARP, Auteur ; Stephanie H. M. VAN GOOZEN, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p.143-150 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : IAPS picture-perception-methodology arousal valence antisocial-behaviour Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Differential responses in terms of gender and antisocial behaviour in emotional reactivity to affective pictures using the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) have been demonstrated in adult and adolescent samples. Moreover, a quadratic relationship between the arousal (intensity) and valence (degree of unpleasantness) has been suggested. The picture perception methodology has rarely been applied to middle school-aged children. We examined the subjective ratings of emotional reactivity in children for: i) the relationship between arousal and valence, ii) gender differences, and iii) its association with measures of antisocial behaviour. Method: Twenty-seven IAPS pictures were selected to cover a wide range of affective content and were individually administered to a non-referred community sample of 659 7–11-year-old children using a paper-and-pencil version. Concurrent symptoms of conduct disorder, oppositional defiance and psychopathy were collected from multiple sources (teacher-, parent- and self-report). Results: A quadratic relationship between arousal and valence, similar to that previously reported in adults, was demonstrated. A gender difference was found for valence ratings, with girls rating aversive pictures more unpleasant than boys. No gender differences for arousal ratings were found. A significant difference was found between groups scoring above and below cut-off scores on measures of antisocial behaviour. Children above cut-off reported lower arousal to unpleasant pictures, but higher arousal to pleasant pictures. Conclusions: We confirmed that a paper-and-pencil version of the IAPS for evaluating emotion response to affectively valent and arousing stimuli can be used in school settings and that comparable gender differences in emotional reactivity can be found in children. The differential emotional reactivity of children above cut-off on measures of antisocial behaviour suggested these symptoms to be associated with a combination of increased reward and decreased punishment sensitivity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01464.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=712 [article] Children's subjective emotional reactivity to affective pictures: gender differences and their antisocial correlates in an unselected sample of 7–11-year-olds [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Carla SHARP, Auteur ; Stephanie H. M. VAN GOOZEN, Auteur . - 2006 . - p.143-150. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-2 (February 2006) . - p.143-150 Mots-clés : IAPS picture-perception-methodology arousal valence antisocial-behaviour Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Differential responses in terms of gender and antisocial behaviour in emotional reactivity to affective pictures using the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) have been demonstrated in adult and adolescent samples. Moreover, a quadratic relationship between the arousal (intensity) and valence (degree of unpleasantness) has been suggested. The picture perception methodology has rarely been applied to middle school-aged children. We examined the subjective ratings of emotional reactivity in children for: i) the relationship between arousal and valence, ii) gender differences, and iii) its association with measures of antisocial behaviour. Method: Twenty-seven IAPS pictures were selected to cover a wide range of affective content and were individually administered to a non-referred community sample of 659 7–11-year-old children using a paper-and-pencil version. Concurrent symptoms of conduct disorder, oppositional defiance and psychopathy were collected from multiple sources (teacher-, parent- and self-report). Results: A quadratic relationship between arousal and valence, similar to that previously reported in adults, was demonstrated. A gender difference was found for valence ratings, with girls rating aversive pictures more unpleasant than boys. No gender differences for arousal ratings were found. A significant difference was found between groups scoring above and below cut-off scores on measures of antisocial behaviour. Children above cut-off reported lower arousal to unpleasant pictures, but higher arousal to pleasant pictures. Conclusions: We confirmed that a paper-and-pencil version of the IAPS for evaluating emotion response to affectively valent and arousing stimuli can be used in school settings and that comparable gender differences in emotional reactivity can be found in children. The differential emotional reactivity of children above cut-off on measures of antisocial behaviour suggested these symptoms to be associated with a combination of increased reward and decreased punishment sensitivity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01464.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=712

Personality differences in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and controls / Kelly C. CUKROWICZ in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-2 (February 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-2 (February 2006) . - p.151–159 Titre : Personality differences in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and controls Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kelly C. CUKROWICZ, Auteur ; Jeanette TAYLOR, Auteur ; William G. IACONO, Auteur ; Christopher SCHATSCHNEIDER, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p.151–159 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Personality attention-deficit/hyperactivity-disorder conduct-disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Differences in personality profiles were examined between children who differed in their co-morbidity of externalizing disorders: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder (CD). Methods: 11- and 17-year-old male and female twins from a community sample were categorized as ADHD only, CD only, co-morbid CD-ADHD, and controls (no ADHD or CD) based on threshold and subthreshold CD and ADHD diagnoses assessed with structured interviews. Multivariate analyses were used to identify patterns of personality that differentiate these four diagnostic groups. It was hypothesized that significant differences would be found in the pattern of personality variables between participants in the co-morbid group, compared to the other three groups, and that these differences would hold across developmental periods. Results: As expected, the co-morbid group had a pattern of personality marked by higher Negative Emotionality and lower Constraint than the other diagnostic groups. This pattern was evidenced across gender and age cohort. Conclusions: An extreme personality profile may represent a liability toward the occurrence of ADHD and CD with more extreme profiles contributing to the occurrence of both disorders among boys and girls. Implications for treatment planning and theoretical development are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01461.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=713 [article] Personality differences in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and controls [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kelly C. CUKROWICZ, Auteur ; Jeanette TAYLOR, Auteur ; William G. IACONO, Auteur ; Christopher SCHATSCHNEIDER, Auteur . - 2006 . - p.151–159. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-2 (February 2006) . - p.151–159 Mots-clés : Personality attention-deficit/hyperactivity-disorder conduct-disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Differences in personality profiles were examined between children who differed in their co-morbidity of externalizing disorders: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder (CD). Methods: 11- and 17-year-old male and female twins from a community sample were categorized as ADHD only, CD only, co-morbid CD-ADHD, and controls (no ADHD or CD) based on threshold and subthreshold CD and ADHD diagnoses assessed with structured interviews. Multivariate analyses were used to identify patterns of personality that differentiate these four diagnostic groups. It was hypothesized that significant differences would be found in the pattern of personality variables between participants in the co-morbid group, compared to the other three groups, and that these differences would hold across developmental periods. Results: As expected, the co-morbid group had a pattern of personality marked by higher Negative Emotionality and lower Constraint than the other diagnostic groups. This pattern was evidenced across gender and age cohort. Conclusions: An extreme personality profile may represent a liability toward the occurrence of ADHD and CD with more extreme profiles contributing to the occurrence of both disorders among boys and girls. Implications for treatment planning and theoretical development are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01461.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=713

The Obsessive Compulsive Scale of the Child Behavior Checklist predicts obsessive-compulsive disorder: a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis / James J. HUDZIAK in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-2 (February 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-2 (February 2006) . - p.160–166 Titre : The Obsessive Compulsive Scale of the Child Behavior Checklist predicts obsessive-compulsive disorder: a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : James J. HUDZIAK, Auteur ; Robert R. ALTHOFF, Auteur ; Catherine STANGER, Auteur ; Catarina E.M. VAN BEIJSTERVELDT, Auteur ; Elliot C. NELSON, Auteur ; Gregory L. HANNA, Auteur ; Dorret I. BOOMSMA, Auteur ; Richard D. TODD, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p.160–166 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Obsessive-compulsive-disorder Child-Behavior-Checklist prevalence Obsessive-Compulsive-Scale Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: The purpose of this study was to determine a score on the Obsessive Compulsive Scale (OCS) from the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) to screen for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in children and to rigorously test the specificity and sensitivity of a single cutpoint. Methods: A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied to data from 61 patients with clinically determined OCD, 64 clinical controls and 73 general population controls to determine the best sum score on the CBCL-OCS to predict confirmed OCD in children. Using the ROC-determined cutoff, this score was applied to a national sample of CBCL data from 2460 singleton children ages 4–18 and to 20,016 children ages 7–18 from three large general population twin samples to determine the estimated prevalence in the general population. Results: Using a CBCL-OCS score of 5 demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) of .88 with high sensitivity (92%) and moderate specificity (67%) compared to clinical controls. Compared to the general population controls, the AUC was .96 with high sensitivity (92%) and specificity (89%). In the twin samples, the number of participants with CBCL-OCS scores above this cutpoint was 2.3–7.1%. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the OCS of the CBCL may provide a highly effective way to screen for childhood OCD, and that the prevalence of childhood OCD may have been underestimated, thus prompting the need for further research into screening children for this condition. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01465.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=714 [article] The Obsessive Compulsive Scale of the Child Behavior Checklist predicts obsessive-compulsive disorder: a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / James J. HUDZIAK, Auteur ; Robert R. ALTHOFF, Auteur ; Catherine STANGER, Auteur ; Catarina E.M. VAN BEIJSTERVELDT, Auteur ; Elliot C. NELSON, Auteur ; Gregory L. HANNA, Auteur ; Dorret I. BOOMSMA, Auteur ; Richard D. TODD, Auteur . - 2006 . - p.160–166. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-2 (February 2006) . - p.160–166 Mots-clés : Obsessive-compulsive-disorder Child-Behavior-Checklist prevalence Obsessive-Compulsive-Scale Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: The purpose of this study was to determine a score on the Obsessive Compulsive Scale (OCS) from the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) to screen for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in children and to rigorously test the specificity and sensitivity of a single cutpoint. Methods: A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied to data from 61 patients with clinically determined OCD, 64 clinical controls and 73 general population controls to determine the best sum score on the CBCL-OCS to predict confirmed OCD in children. Using the ROC-determined cutoff, this score was applied to a national sample of CBCL data from 2460 singleton children ages 4–18 and to 20,016 children ages 7–18 from three large general population twin samples to determine the estimated prevalence in the general population. Results: Using a CBCL-OCS score of 5 demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) of .88 with high sensitivity (92%) and moderate specificity (67%) compared to clinical controls. Compared to the general population controls, the AUC was .96 with high sensitivity (92%) and specificity (89%). In the twin samples, the number of participants with CBCL-OCS scores above this cutpoint was 2.3–7.1%. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the OCS of the CBCL may provide a highly effective way to screen for childhood OCD, and that the prevalence of childhood OCD may have been underestimated, thus prompting the need for further research into screening children for this condition. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01465.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=714

Autistic features in a total population of 7–9-year-old children assessed by the ASSQ (Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire) / Maj-Britt POSSERUD in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-2 (February 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-2 (February 2006) . - p.167–175 Titre : Autistic features in a total population of 7–9-year-old children assessed by the ASSQ (Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Maj-Britt POSSERUD, Auteur ; Christopher GILLBERG, Auteur ; Astri J. LUNDERVOLD, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p.167–175 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism child-psychiatry ASSQ Asperger-syndrome screening Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: The prevalence of autism is reported to be on the rise worldwide. Change of diagnostic criteria and a broadening of the concept of autism have been mentioned as contributing factors. Further studies of general populations are needed. The present study assessed the distribution of autistic features in a total population of children 7–9 years of age, and explored the impact of age, gender, informant, and participation bias on symptom report. Methods: Teacher and parent forms of the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ) were used in the 'Bergen Child Study', a total population study of 9430 children aged 7–9 years. Completed teacher forms were returned for 97% and parent forms for 71% of the children. High-scorers were defined according to the ASSQ validation study by Ehlers, Gillberg, and Wing (1999). Results: The distribution of ASSQ scores was found to be almost continuous. Of the children with both a teacher and a parent form, 2.1% were defined as high-scorers. Children without parent informed consent (i.e., anonymous children) obtained significantly higher teacher scores than those who had questionnaires completed by both parent and teacher. Adjusting prevalence for the anonymous children, the prevalence of high-scorers was 2.7% of the total population. Age did not affect symptom scores. Boys scored higher and parents reported more symptoms, particularly in girls. Agreement between informants was low to moderate. Conclusions: Autism symptoms are not uncommon in the general population of children. Our findings are consistent with the concept of autism as a spectrum. Non-responders had a higher load of autism symptoms than identified children, indicating that reports on the prevalence of autism in a responder group underestimate true prevalence. Large differences across informants suggested the need to gather information both from families and from schools when screening for autism spectrum disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01462.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=715 [article] Autistic features in a total population of 7–9-year-old children assessed by the ASSQ (Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Maj-Britt POSSERUD, Auteur ; Christopher GILLBERG, Auteur ; Astri J. LUNDERVOLD, Auteur . - 2006 . - p.167–175. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-2 (February 2006) . - p.167–175 Mots-clés : Autism child-psychiatry ASSQ Asperger-syndrome screening Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: The prevalence of autism is reported to be on the rise worldwide. Change of diagnostic criteria and a broadening of the concept of autism have been mentioned as contributing factors. Further studies of general populations are needed. The present study assessed the distribution of autistic features in a total population of children 7–9 years of age, and explored the impact of age, gender, informant, and participation bias on symptom report. Methods: Teacher and parent forms of the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ) were used in the 'Bergen Child Study', a total population study of 9430 children aged 7–9 years. Completed teacher forms were returned for 97% and parent forms for 71% of the children. High-scorers were defined according to the ASSQ validation study by Ehlers, Gillberg, and Wing (1999). Results: The distribution of ASSQ scores was found to be almost continuous. Of the children with both a teacher and a parent form, 2.1% were defined as high-scorers. Children without parent informed consent (i.e., anonymous children) obtained significantly higher teacher scores than those who had questionnaires completed by both parent and teacher. Adjusting prevalence for the anonymous children, the prevalence of high-scorers was 2.7% of the total population. Age did not affect symptom scores. Boys scored higher and parents reported more symptoms, particularly in girls. Agreement between informants was low to moderate. Conclusions: Autism symptoms are not uncommon in the general population of children. Our findings are consistent with the concept of autism as a spectrum. Non-responders had a higher load of autism symptoms than identified children, indicating that reports on the prevalence of autism in a responder group underestimate true prevalence. Large differences across informants suggested the need to gather information both from families and from schools when screening for autism spectrum disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01462.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=715

Towards a typology of specific language impairment / Marjolijn VAN WEERDENBURG in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-2 (February 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-2 (February 2006) . - p.176–189 Titre : Towards a typology of specific language impairment Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Marjolijn VAN WEERDENBURG, Auteur ; Ludo VERHOEVEN, Auteur ; Hans VAN BALKOM, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p.176–189 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Specific-language-impairment lexical-semantic-abilities auditory-conceptualization verbal-sequential-memory speech-production classification Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: The population of children with specific language impairments (SLI) is heterogeneous. The present study was conducted to examine this heterogeneity more closely, by identifying and describing subgroups within the population of children with SLI in the Netherlands. Method: A broad battery of language tests and language-related cognitive tests were administered to 147 six-year-old and 136 eight-year-old children with SLI. Results: Factor analyses revealed 4 factors indicating 4 distinctive linguistic domains for both age samples: 1) lexical-semantic abilities, 2) auditory conceptualization, 3) verbal sequential memory and 4) speech production. These empirical findings were further validated by the positive correlations found between the language factors and the judgments of teachers and speech therapists. Finally, a cluster analysis revealed 4 distinct clusters of SLI children for each sample with specific language profiles based on the 4 factors. Results were nearly the same for both age samples. Conclusions: The language problems that emerged from the two samples of children with SLI could be described as falling into four types. Based on these language types, four subgroups of children with SLI could be distinguished, each with a specific profile. Some subgroups had severe problems on one specific type of language problem; others had severe problems in more than one type of language problem when compared to the other subgroups of the same age sample. The different profiles may indicate that a more dynamic approach is needed in intervention, considering the presence of both compensating and restricting factors within each child with SLI. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01454.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=716 [article] Towards a typology of specific language impairment [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Marjolijn VAN WEERDENBURG, Auteur ; Ludo VERHOEVEN, Auteur ; Hans VAN BALKOM, Auteur . - 2006 . - p.176–189. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-2 (February 2006) . - p.176–189 Mots-clés : Specific-language-impairment lexical-semantic-abilities auditory-conceptualization verbal-sequential-memory speech-production classification Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: The population of children with specific language impairments (SLI) is heterogeneous. The present study was conducted to examine this heterogeneity more closely, by identifying and describing subgroups within the population of children with SLI in the Netherlands. Method: A broad battery of language tests and language-related cognitive tests were administered to 147 six-year-old and 136 eight-year-old children with SLI. Results: Factor analyses revealed 4 factors indicating 4 distinctive linguistic domains for both age samples: 1) lexical-semantic abilities, 2) auditory conceptualization, 3) verbal sequential memory and 4) speech production. These empirical findings were further validated by the positive correlations found between the language factors and the judgments of teachers and speech therapists. Finally, a cluster analysis revealed 4 distinct clusters of SLI children for each sample with specific language profiles based on the 4 factors. Results were nearly the same for both age samples. Conclusions: The language problems that emerged from the two samples of children with SLI could be described as falling into four types. Based on these language types, four subgroups of children with SLI could be distinguished, each with a specific profile. Some subgroups had severe problems on one specific type of language problem; others had severe problems in more than one type of language problem when compared to the other subgroups of the same age sample. The different profiles may indicate that a more dynamic approach is needed in intervention, considering the presence of both compensating and restricting factors within each child with SLI. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01454.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=716

Are numerical impairments syndrome specific? Evidence from Williams syndrome and Down's syndrome / Sarah J. PATERSON in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-2 (February 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-2 (February 2006) . - p.190–204 Titre : Are numerical impairments syndrome specific? Evidence from Williams syndrome and Down's syndrome Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sarah J. PATERSON, Auteur ; Luisa GIRELLI, Auteur ; Brian BUTTERWORTH, Auteur ; Annette KARMILOFF-SMITH, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p.190–204 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Williams-syndrome Down's-syndrome number-development adults infants Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Several theorists maintain that exact number abilities rely on language-relevant processes whereas approximate number calls on visuo-spatial skills. We chose two genetic disorders, Williams syndrome and Down's syndrome, which differ in their relative abilities in verbal versus spatial skills, to examine this hypothesis. Five experiments assessed number skills in these two genetic syndromes and in their mental age (MA) and chronological age (CA) matched controls. Methods: Experiment 1 used a preferential looking paradigm with infants and toddlers to measure sensitivity to changes in numerosity. Experiment 2 measured reaction times in older children and adults in a numerosity comparison task with dots in a random pattern. Experiment 3 comprised a number battery that measured various forms of counting and simple arithmetic. Results: The WS infants displayed a level of performance equal to that of their CA-controls, whereas the DS infants failed to reach even the level of their MA-controls. By contrast, the older DS children and adults outstripped the older WS group in their numerosity abilities, with different patterns of errors in the two clinical groups. Conclusions: Differences in the infant and adult number phenotypes between these two genetic disorders are discussed with reference to the processing styles used by each group and how these might impact on their developmental trajectories. Theoretically, we highlight our contention that one cannot infer the infant starting state from the adult end state. Rather, the development process itself must be taken into account. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01460.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=717 [article] Are numerical impairments syndrome specific? Evidence from Williams syndrome and Down's syndrome [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sarah J. PATERSON, Auteur ; Luisa GIRELLI, Auteur ; Brian BUTTERWORTH, Auteur ; Annette KARMILOFF-SMITH, Auteur . - 2006 . - p.190–204. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-2 (February 2006) . - p.190–204 Mots-clés : Williams-syndrome Down's-syndrome number-development adults infants Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Several theorists maintain that exact number abilities rely on language-relevant processes whereas approximate number calls on visuo-spatial skills. We chose two genetic disorders, Williams syndrome and Down's syndrome, which differ in their relative abilities in verbal versus spatial skills, to examine this hypothesis. Five experiments assessed number skills in these two genetic syndromes and in their mental age (MA) and chronological age (CA) matched controls. Methods: Experiment 1 used a preferential looking paradigm with infants and toddlers to measure sensitivity to changes in numerosity. Experiment 2 measured reaction times in older children and adults in a numerosity comparison task with dots in a random pattern. Experiment 3 comprised a number battery that measured various forms of counting and simple arithmetic. Results: The WS infants displayed a level of performance equal to that of their CA-controls, whereas the DS infants failed to reach even the level of their MA-controls. By contrast, the older DS children and adults outstripped the older WS group in their numerosity abilities, with different patterns of errors in the two clinical groups. Conclusions: Differences in the infant and adult number phenotypes between these two genetic disorders are discussed with reference to the processing styles used by each group and how these might impact on their developmental trajectories. Theoretically, we highlight our contention that one cannot infer the infant starting state from the adult end state. Rather, the development process itself must be taken into account. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01460.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=717

Phonology and handedness in primary school: predictions of the right shift theory / Pamela SMYTHE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-2 (February 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-2 (February 2006) . - p.205–212 Titre : Phonology and handedness in primary school: predictions of the right shift theory Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Pamela SMYTHE, Auteur ; Marian ANNETT, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p.205–212 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Phonology handedness right-shift-theory sex-differences genetics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: The right shift (RS) theory of handedness suggests that poor phonology may occur in the general population as a risk associated with absence of an agent of left cerebral speech, the hypothesised RS + gene. The theory predicts that poor phonology is associated with reduced bias to right-handedness. Methods: A representative cohort of primary school children was assessed on tests of phonology, nonverbal ability, literacy, and handedness. There were three types of analysis; for discrete variables, poor phonology and left hand preference; for continuous variables, phonology factor scores and hand skill; for 'cases' of specifically poor phonology. Results: Reduced bias to dextrality was found in those with poor phonology for all types of analysis. Trends were similar for both sexes but stronger in males than females. Poor phonology was associated with a raised proportion of left-handed brothers. There was a strong association between poor phonology and poor literacy, but not all those with specifically poor phonology were poor readers or spellers. Among children with poor phonology but not poor for other variables, some 23–31% were left-handed writers. Conclusions: Poor phonological processing is associated with reduced bias to the right hand, consistent with absence of an agent of left hemisphere advantage. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01463.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=718 [article] Phonology and handedness in primary school: predictions of the right shift theory [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Pamela SMYTHE, Auteur ; Marian ANNETT, Auteur . - 2006 . - p.205–212. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-2 (February 2006) . - p.205–212 Mots-clés : Phonology handedness right-shift-theory sex-differences genetics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: The right shift (RS) theory of handedness suggests that poor phonology may occur in the general population as a risk associated with absence of an agent of left cerebral speech, the hypothesised RS + gene. The theory predicts that poor phonology is associated with reduced bias to right-handedness. Methods: A representative cohort of primary school children was assessed on tests of phonology, nonverbal ability, literacy, and handedness. There were three types of analysis; for discrete variables, poor phonology and left hand preference; for continuous variables, phonology factor scores and hand skill; for 'cases' of specifically poor phonology. Results: Reduced bias to dextrality was found in those with poor phonology for all types of analysis. Trends were similar for both sexes but stronger in males than females. Poor phonology was associated with a raised proportion of left-handed brothers. There was a strong association between poor phonology and poor literacy, but not all those with specifically poor phonology were poor readers or spellers. Among children with poor phonology but not poor for other variables, some 23–31% were left-handed writers. Conclusions: Poor phonological processing is associated with reduced bias to the right hand, consistent with absence of an agent of left hemisphere advantage. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01463.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=718

Surrogacy families: parental functioning, parent–child relationships and children's psychological development at age 2 / Susan GOLOMBOK in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-2 (February 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-2 (February 2006) . - p.213–222 Titre : Surrogacy families: parental functioning, parent–child relationships and children's psychological development at age 2 Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Susan GOLOMBOK, Auteur ; Fiona MACCALLUM, Auteur ; Clare MURRAY, Auteur ; Emma LYCETT, Auteur ; Vasanti JADVA, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p.213–222 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Surrogacy egg-donation parent–child-relationships child-development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Findings are presented of the second phase of a longitudinal study of families created through surrogacy. Methods: At the time of the child's 2nd birthday, 37 surrogacy families were compared with 48 egg donation families and 68 natural conception families on standardised interview and questionnaire measures of the psychological well-being of the parents, parent–child relationships and the psychological functioning of the child. Results: The surrogacy mothers showed more positive parent–child relationships, and the surrogacy fathers reported lower levels of parenting stress, than their natural conception counterparts. The surrogacy children did not differ from the natural conception children with respect to socio-emotional or cognitive development. Conclusions: Surrogacy does not appear to impact negatively on parenting or child development in families with 2-year-old children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01453.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=719 [article] Surrogacy families: parental functioning, parent–child relationships and children's psychological development at age 2 [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Susan GOLOMBOK, Auteur ; Fiona MACCALLUM, Auteur ; Clare MURRAY, Auteur ; Emma LYCETT, Auteur ; Vasanti JADVA, Auteur . - 2006 . - p.213–222. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-2 (February 2006) . - p.213–222 Mots-clés : Surrogacy egg-donation parent–child-relationships child-development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Findings are presented of the second phase of a longitudinal study of families created through surrogacy. Methods: At the time of the child's 2nd birthday, 37 surrogacy families were compared with 48 egg donation families and 68 natural conception families on standardised interview and questionnaire measures of the psychological well-being of the parents, parent–child relationships and the psychological functioning of the child. Results: The surrogacy mothers showed more positive parent–child relationships, and the surrogacy fathers reported lower levels of parenting stress, than their natural conception counterparts. The surrogacy children did not differ from the natural conception children with respect to socio-emotional or cognitive development. Conclusions: Surrogacy does not appear to impact negatively on parenting or child development in families with 2-year-old children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01453.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=719

Bullying in schools. How successful can interventions be? / Ingrid LUNT in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-2 (February 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-2 (February 2006) . - p.223 Titre : Bullying in schools. How successful can interventions be? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ingrid LUNT, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p.223 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.00454.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=421 [article] Bullying in schools. How successful can interventions be? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ingrid LUNT, Auteur . - 2006 . - p.223. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-2 (February 2006) . - p.223 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.00454.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=421