Adults with autism spectrum disorders exhibit decreased sensitivity to reward parameters when making effort-based decisions / Cara R. DAMIANO in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 4-1 (December 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 4-1 (December 2012) . - p.13 Titre : Adults with autism spectrum disorders exhibit decreased sensitivity to reward parameters when making effort-based decisions Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Cara R. DAMIANO, Auteur ; Joseph ALOI, Auteur ; M. TREADWAY, Auteur ; James W. BODFISH, Auteur ; Gabriel S. DICHTER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.13 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Efficient effort expenditure to obtain rewards is critical for optimal goal-directed behavior and learning. Clinical observation suggests that individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) may show dysregulated reward-based effort expenditure, but no behavioral study to date has assessed effort-based decision-making in ASD. METHODS: The current study compared a group of adults with ASD to a group of typically developing adults on the Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task (EEfRT), a behavioral measure of effort-based decision-making. In this task, participants were provided with the probability of receiving a monetary reward on a particular trial and asked to choose between either an "easy task" (less motoric effort) for a small, stable reward or a "hard task" (greater motoric effort) for a variable but consistently larger reward. RESULTS: Participants with ASD chose the hard task more frequently than did the control group, yet were less influenced by differences in reward value and probability than the control group. Additionally, effort-based decision-making was related to repetitive behavior symptoms across both groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that individuals with ASD may be more willing to expend effort to obtain a monetary reward regardless of the reward contingencies. More broadly, results suggest that behavioral choices may be less influenced by information about reward contingencies in individuals with ASD. This atypical pattern of effort-based decision-making may be relevant for understanding the heightened reward motivation for circumscribed interests in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1866-1955-4-13 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=344 [article] Adults with autism spectrum disorders exhibit decreased sensitivity to reward parameters when making effort-based decisions [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Cara R. DAMIANO, Auteur ; Joseph ALOI, Auteur ; M. TREADWAY, Auteur ; James W. BODFISH, Auteur ; Gabriel S. DICHTER, Auteur . - p.13. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 4-1 (December 2012) . - p.13 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Efficient effort expenditure to obtain rewards is critical for optimal goal-directed behavior and learning. Clinical observation suggests that individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) may show dysregulated reward-based effort expenditure, but no behavioral study to date has assessed effort-based decision-making in ASD. METHODS: The current study compared a group of adults with ASD to a group of typically developing adults on the Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task (EEfRT), a behavioral measure of effort-based decision-making. In this task, participants were provided with the probability of receiving a monetary reward on a particular trial and asked to choose between either an "easy task" (less motoric effort) for a small, stable reward or a "hard task" (greater motoric effort) for a variable but consistently larger reward. RESULTS: Participants with ASD chose the hard task more frequently than did the control group, yet were less influenced by differences in reward value and probability than the control group. Additionally, effort-based decision-making was related to repetitive behavior symptoms across both groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that individuals with ASD may be more willing to expend effort to obtain a monetary reward regardless of the reward contingencies. More broadly, results suggest that behavioral choices may be less influenced by information about reward contingencies in individuals with ASD. This atypical pattern of effort-based decision-making may be relevant for understanding the heightened reward motivation for circumscribed interests in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1866-1955-4-13 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=344

Association between the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene and mesolimbic responses to rewards / Cara R. DAMIANO in Molecular Autism, (January 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > (January 2014) Titre : Association between the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene and mesolimbic responses to rewards Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Cara R. DAMIANO, Auteur ; Joseph ALOI, Auteur ; Kaitlyn DUNLAP, Auteur ; Caley BURRUS, Auteur ; Maya MOSNER, Auteur ; Rachel KOZINK, Auteur ; Ralph MCLAURIN, Auteur ; O'Dhaniel MULLETTE-GILLMAN, Auteur ; Ronald CARTER, Auteur ; Scott A. HUETTEL, Auteur ; Francis MCCLERNON, Auteur ; Allison ASHLEY-KOCH, Auteur ; Gabriel S. DICHTER, Auteur Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There has been significant progress in identifying genes that confer risk for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). However, the heterogeneity of symptom presentation in ASDs impedes the detection of ASD risk genes. One approach to understanding genetic influences on ASD symptom expression is to evaluate relations between variants of ASD candidate genes and neural endophenotypes in unaffected samples. Allelic variations in the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene confer small but significant risk for ASDs for which the underlying mechanisms may involve associations between variability in oxytocin signaling pathways and neural response to rewards. The purpose of this preliminary study was to investigate the influence of allelic variability in the OXTR gene on neural responses to monetary rewards in healthy adults using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The moderating effects of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs1042778, rs2268493 and rs237887) of the OXTR gene on mesolimbic responses to rewards were evaluated using a monetary incentive delay fMRI task. T homozygotes of the rs2268493 SNP demonstrated relatively decreased activation in mesolimbic reward circuitry (including the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, insula, thalamus and prefrontal cortical regions) during the anticipation of rewards but not during the outcome phase of the task. Allelic variation of the rs1042778 and rs237887 SNPs did not moderate mesolimbic activation during either reward anticipation or outcomes. This preliminary study suggests that the OXTR SNP rs2268493, which has been previously identified as an ASD risk gene, moderates mesolimbic responses during reward anticipation. Given previous findings of decreased mesolimbic activation during reward anticipation in ASD, the present results suggest that OXTR may confer ASD risk via influences on the neural systems that support reward anticipation. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2040-2392-5-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=227 [article] Association between the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene and mesolimbic responses to rewards [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Cara R. DAMIANO, Auteur ; Joseph ALOI, Auteur ; Kaitlyn DUNLAP, Auteur ; Caley BURRUS, Auteur ; Maya MOSNER, Auteur ; Rachel KOZINK, Auteur ; Ralph MCLAURIN, Auteur ; O'Dhaniel MULLETTE-GILLMAN, Auteur ; Ronald CARTER, Auteur ; Scott A. HUETTEL, Auteur ; Francis MCCLERNON, Auteur ; Allison ASHLEY-KOCH, Auteur ; Gabriel S. DICHTER, Auteur. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > (January 2014) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There has been significant progress in identifying genes that confer risk for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). However, the heterogeneity of symptom presentation in ASDs impedes the detection of ASD risk genes. One approach to understanding genetic influences on ASD symptom expression is to evaluate relations between variants of ASD candidate genes and neural endophenotypes in unaffected samples. Allelic variations in the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene confer small but significant risk for ASDs for which the underlying mechanisms may involve associations between variability in oxytocin signaling pathways and neural response to rewards. The purpose of this preliminary study was to investigate the influence of allelic variability in the OXTR gene on neural responses to monetary rewards in healthy adults using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The moderating effects of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs1042778, rs2268493 and rs237887) of the OXTR gene on mesolimbic responses to rewards were evaluated using a monetary incentive delay fMRI task. T homozygotes of the rs2268493 SNP demonstrated relatively decreased activation in mesolimbic reward circuitry (including the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, insula, thalamus and prefrontal cortical regions) during the anticipation of rewards but not during the outcome phase of the task. Allelic variation of the rs1042778 and rs237887 SNPs did not moderate mesolimbic activation during either reward anticipation or outcomes. This preliminary study suggests that the OXTR SNP rs2268493, which has been previously identified as an ASD risk gene, moderates mesolimbic responses during reward anticipation. Given previous findings of decreased mesolimbic activation during reward anticipation in ASD, the present results suggest that OXTR may confer ASD risk via influences on the neural systems that support reward anticipation. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2040-2392-5-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=227

Intact hedonic responses to sweet tastes in autism spectrum disorder / Cara R. DAMIANO in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 8-3 (March 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 8-3 (March 2014) . - p.230-236 Titre : Intact hedonic responses to sweet tastes in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Cara R. DAMIANO, Auteur ; Joseph ALOI, Auteur ; Caley BURRUS, Auteur ; James C. GARBUTT, Auteur ; Alexei B. KAMPOV-POLEVOY, Auteur ; Gabriel S. DICHTER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.230-236 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)  Reward processing  Sweet taste  Opioid system  Primary rewards Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract The Sweet Taste Test (STT) is a standardized measure designed to index the ability to detect differences in sweet tastes (sweet taste sensitivity) and hedonic responses to sweet tastes (sweet taste liking). Profiles of response on the STT suggest enhanced hedonic responses to sweet tastes in psychiatric disorders characterized by dysfunctional reward processing systems, including binge-eating disorders and substance use disorders, and a putative mechanism governing STT responses is the brain opioid system. The present study examined STT responses in 20 adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 38 healthy control adults. There were no differences in sweet taste sensitivity or hedonic response to sweet tastes between the ASD and control groups. Within the ASD sample, ASD symptom severity was associated with sweet taste sensitivity, but not hedonic response to sweet taste. Results may ultimately shed light on brain opioid system functioning in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2013.12.003 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=224 [article] Intact hedonic responses to sweet tastes in autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Cara R. DAMIANO, Auteur ; Joseph ALOI, Auteur ; Caley BURRUS, Auteur ; James C. GARBUTT, Auteur ; Alexei B. KAMPOV-POLEVOY, Auteur ; Gabriel S. DICHTER, Auteur . - p.230-236. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 8-3 (March 2014) . - p.230-236 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)  Reward processing  Sweet taste  Opioid system  Primary rewards Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract The Sweet Taste Test (STT) is a standardized measure designed to index the ability to detect differences in sweet tastes (sweet taste sensitivity) and hedonic responses to sweet tastes (sweet taste liking). Profiles of response on the STT suggest enhanced hedonic responses to sweet tastes in psychiatric disorders characterized by dysfunctional reward processing systems, including binge-eating disorders and substance use disorders, and a putative mechanism governing STT responses is the brain opioid system. The present study examined STT responses in 20 adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 38 healthy control adults. There were no differences in sweet taste sensitivity or hedonic response to sweet tastes between the ASD and control groups. Within the ASD sample, ASD symptom severity was associated with sweet taste sensitivity, but not hedonic response to sweet taste. Results may ultimately shed light on brain opioid system functioning in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2013.12.003 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=224

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