Relative immaturity and ADHD: findings from nationwide registers, parent- and self-reports / Linda HALLDNER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-8 (August 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-8 (August 2014) . - p.897-904 Titre : Relative immaturity and ADHD: findings from nationwide registers, parent- and self-reports Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Linda HALLDNER, Auteur ; Annika TILLANDER, Auteur ; Cecilia LUNDHOLM, Auteur ; Marcus BOMAN, Auteur ; Niklas LANGSTROM, Auteur ; Henrik LARSSON, Auteur ; Paul LICHTENSTEIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.897-904 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADHD  child development  pharmacotherapy  epidemiological studies Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background We addressed if immaturity relative to peers reflected in birth month increases the likelihood of ADHD diagnosis and treatment. Methods We linked nationwide Patient and Prescribed Drug Registers and used prospective cohort and nested case–control designs to study 6–69 year-old individuals in Sweden from July 2005 to December 2009 (Cohort 1). Cohort 1 included 56,263 individuals diagnosed with ADHD or ever used prescribed ADHD-specific medication. Complementary population-representative cohorts provided DSM-IV ADHD symptom ratings; parent-reported for 10,760 9-year-old twins born 1995–2000 from the CATSS study (Cohort 2) and self-reported for 6,970 adult twins age 20–47 years born 1959–1970 from the STAGE study (Cohort 3). We calculated odds ratios (OR:s) for ADHD across age for individuals born in November/December compared to January/February (Cohort 1). ADHD symptoms in Cohorts 2 and 3 were studied as a function of calendar birth month. Results ADHD diagnoses and medication treatment were both significantly more common in individuals born in November/December versus January/February; peaking at ages 6 (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.5–2.2) and 7 years (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.3–1.8) in the Patient and Prescribed Drug Registers, respectively. We found no corresponding differences in parent- or self-reported ADHD symptoms by calendar birth month. Conclusion Relative immaturity compared to class mates might contribute to ADHD diagnosis and pharmacotherapy despite absence of parallel findings in reported ADHD symptom loads by relative immaturity. Increased clinical awareness of this phenomenon may be warranted to decrease risk for imprecise diagnostics and treatment. We speculate that flexibility regarding age at school start according to individual maturity could reduce developmentally inappropriate demands on children and improve the precision of ADHD diagnostic practice and pharmacological treatment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12229 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=237 [article] Relative immaturity and ADHD: findings from nationwide registers, parent- and self-reports [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Linda HALLDNER, Auteur ; Annika TILLANDER, Auteur ; Cecilia LUNDHOLM, Auteur ; Marcus BOMAN, Auteur ; Niklas LANGSTROM, Auteur ; Henrik LARSSON, Auteur ; Paul LICHTENSTEIN, Auteur . - p.897-904. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-8 (August 2014) . - p.897-904 Mots-clés : ADHD  child development  pharmacotherapy  epidemiological studies Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background We addressed if immaturity relative to peers reflected in birth month increases the likelihood of ADHD diagnosis and treatment. Methods We linked nationwide Patient and Prescribed Drug Registers and used prospective cohort and nested case–control designs to study 6–69 year-old individuals in Sweden from July 2005 to December 2009 (Cohort 1). Cohort 1 included 56,263 individuals diagnosed with ADHD or ever used prescribed ADHD-specific medication. Complementary population-representative cohorts provided DSM-IV ADHD symptom ratings; parent-reported for 10,760 9-year-old twins born 1995–2000 from the CATSS study (Cohort 2) and self-reported for 6,970 adult twins age 20–47 years born 1959–1970 from the STAGE study (Cohort 3). We calculated odds ratios (OR:s) for ADHD across age for individuals born in November/December compared to January/February (Cohort 1). ADHD symptoms in Cohorts 2 and 3 were studied as a function of calendar birth month. Results ADHD diagnoses and medication treatment were both significantly more common in individuals born in November/December versus January/February; peaking at ages 6 (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.5–2.2) and 7 years (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.3–1.8) in the Patient and Prescribed Drug Registers, respectively. We found no corresponding differences in parent- or self-reported ADHD symptoms by calendar birth month. Conclusion Relative immaturity compared to class mates might contribute to ADHD diagnosis and pharmacotherapy despite absence of parallel findings in reported ADHD symptom loads by relative immaturity. Increased clinical awareness of this phenomenon may be warranted to decrease risk for imprecise diagnostics and treatment. We speculate that flexibility regarding age at school start according to individual maturity could reduce developmentally inappropriate demands on children and improve the precision of ADHD diagnostic practice and pharmacological treatment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12229 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=237

Stimulant ADHD medication and risk for substance abuse / Zheng CHANG in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-8 (August 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-8 (August 2014) . - p.878-885 Titre : Stimulant ADHD medication and risk for substance abuse Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Zheng CHANG, Auteur ; Paul LICHTENSTEIN, Auteur ; Linda HALLDNER, Auteur ; Brian M. D'ONOFRIO, Auteur ; Eva SERLACHIUS, Auteur ; Seena FAZEL, Auteur ; Niklas LANGSTROM, Auteur ; Henrik LARSSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.878-885 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADHD  pharmacology  substance abuse Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background There are persistent concerns of long-term effects of stimulant ADHD medication on the development of substance abuse. Methods Using Swedish national registers, we studied all individuals born between 1960 and 1998 and diagnosed with ADHD (26,249 men and 12,504 women). We investigated the association between stimulant ADHD medication in 2006 and substance abuse during 2009. Substance abuse was indexed by substance-related death, crime, or hospital visits. Results ADHD medication was not associated with increased rate of substance abuse. Actually, the rate during 2009 was 31% lower among those prescribed ADHD medication in 2006, even after controlling for medication in 2009 and other covariates (hazard ratio: 0.69; 95% confidence interval: 0.57–0.84). Also, the longer the duration of medication, the lower the rate of substance abuse. Similar risk reductions were suggested among children and when investigating the association between stimulant ADHD medication and concomitant short-term abuse. Conclusions We found no indication of increased risks of substance abuse among individuals prescribed stimulant ADHD medication; if anything, the data suggested a long-term protective effect on substance abuse. Although stimulant ADHD medication does not seem to increase the risk for substance abuse, clinicians should remain alert to the potential problem of stimulant misuse and diversion in ADHD patients. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12164 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=237 [article] Stimulant ADHD medication and risk for substance abuse [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Zheng CHANG, Auteur ; Paul LICHTENSTEIN, Auteur ; Linda HALLDNER, Auteur ; Brian M. D'ONOFRIO, Auteur ; Eva SERLACHIUS, Auteur ; Seena FAZEL, Auteur ; Niklas LANGSTROM, Auteur ; Henrik LARSSON, Auteur . - p.878-885. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-8 (August 2014) . - p.878-885 Mots-clés : ADHD  pharmacology  substance abuse Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background There are persistent concerns of long-term effects of stimulant ADHD medication on the development of substance abuse. Methods Using Swedish national registers, we studied all individuals born between 1960 and 1998 and diagnosed with ADHD (26,249 men and 12,504 women). We investigated the association between stimulant ADHD medication in 2006 and substance abuse during 2009. Substance abuse was indexed by substance-related death, crime, or hospital visits. Results ADHD medication was not associated with increased rate of substance abuse. Actually, the rate during 2009 was 31% lower among those prescribed ADHD medication in 2006, even after controlling for medication in 2009 and other covariates (hazard ratio: 0.69; 95% confidence interval: 0.57–0.84). Also, the longer the duration of medication, the lower the rate of substance abuse. Similar risk reductions were suggested among children and when investigating the association between stimulant ADHD medication and concomitant short-term abuse. Conclusions We found no indication of increased risks of substance abuse among individuals prescribed stimulant ADHD medication; if anything, the data suggested a long-term protective effect on substance abuse. Although stimulant ADHD medication does not seem to increase the risk for substance abuse, clinicians should remain alert to the potential problem of stimulant misuse and diversion in ADHD patients. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12164 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=237

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