Do delay aversion and executive function deficits make distinct contributions to the functional impact of ADHD symptoms? A study of early academic skill deficits / Lisa B. THORELL in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48-11 (November 2007)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 48-11 (November 2007) . - p.1061–1070 Titre : Do delay aversion and executive function deficits make distinct contributions to the functional impact of ADHD symptoms? A study of early academic skill deficits Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lisa B. THORELL, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.1061–1070 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Dual-pathway-model ADHD-symptoms executive-function delay-aversion early-academic-skills inattention hyperactivity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The present study examined the distinct properties of executive functioning in relation to ADHD symptoms, as well as functional outcomes associated with ADHD. In line with the dual-pathway model of ADHD, executive functioning and delay aversion were expected to show independent effects on ADHD symptoms. Furthermore, relations to early academic skills were examined, and it was hypothesized that the two processes of the dual-pathway model can be differentiated in terms of their effect on academic skill deficits, such that EF deficits, but not delay aversion, mediate the link between ADHD and academic functioning. Results: As hypothesized, both EF deficits and delay aversion were independently related to ADHD symptoms. However, when conducting separate analyses for the two ADHD symptom domains, only the effect of EF deficits was independently related to symptoms of inattention, whereas only the effect of delay aversion was independently related to symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity. The mediation analysis showed that EF deficits, but not delay aversion, act as a mediator in the relation between symptoms of inattention and both mathematics and language skills. In addition, there was also a significant direct effect of inattention on early academic skills. Conclusions: The findings of the present study are of importance for current models of heterogeneity in ADHD as they 1) provide further support for the notion that EF deficits and delay aversion are two possible pathways to ADHD, 2) add new interesting knowledge by showing that EF deficits and delay aversion can be differentiated in terms of their relations to the two ADHD symptom domains, and 3) indicate that the two processes of the dual-pathway model can also be differentiated in terms of their effect on functional impairments associated with ADHD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01777.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=297 [article] Do delay aversion and executive function deficits make distinct contributions to the functional impact of ADHD symptoms? A study of early academic skill deficits [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lisa B. THORELL, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.1061–1070. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 48-11 (November 2007) . - p.1061–1070 Mots-clés : Dual-pathway-model ADHD-symptoms executive-function delay-aversion early-academic-skills inattention hyperactivity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The present study examined the distinct properties of executive functioning in relation to ADHD symptoms, as well as functional outcomes associated with ADHD. In line with the dual-pathway model of ADHD, executive functioning and delay aversion were expected to show independent effects on ADHD symptoms. Furthermore, relations to early academic skills were examined, and it was hypothesized that the two processes of the dual-pathway model can be differentiated in terms of their effect on academic skill deficits, such that EF deficits, but not delay aversion, mediate the link between ADHD and academic functioning. Results: As hypothesized, both EF deficits and delay aversion were independently related to ADHD symptoms. However, when conducting separate analyses for the two ADHD symptom domains, only the effect of EF deficits was independently related to symptoms of inattention, whereas only the effect of delay aversion was independently related to symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity. The mediation analysis showed that EF deficits, but not delay aversion, act as a mediator in the relation between symptoms of inattention and both mathematics and language skills. In addition, there was also a significant direct effect of inattention on early academic skills. Conclusions: The findings of the present study are of importance for current models of heterogeneity in ADHD as they 1) provide further support for the notion that EF deficits and delay aversion are two possible pathways to ADHD, 2) add new interesting knowledge by showing that EF deficits and delay aversion can be differentiated in terms of their relations to the two ADHD symptom domains, and 3) indicate that the two processes of the dual-pathway model can also be differentiated in terms of their effect on functional impairments associated with ADHD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01777.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=297

Early concurrent and longitudinal symptoms of ADHD and ODD: relations to different types of inhibitory control and working memory / Karin C. BROCKI in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48-10 (October 2007)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 48-10 (October 2007) . - p.1033–1041 Titre : Early concurrent and longitudinal symptoms of ADHD and ODD: relations to different types of inhibitory control and working memory Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Karin C. BROCKI, Auteur ; Lilianne NYBERG, Auteur ; Lisa B. THORELL, Auteur ; Gunilla BOHLIN, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.1033–1041 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADHD ODD inhibitory-control interference-control prepotent-response-inhibition working-memory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The aim of the present study was to investigate how three different types of inhibitory control – interference control within task, interference control outside task, and prepotent response inhibition – and two types of working memory – verbal and spatial – would relate to early symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), both concurrently and longitudinally. Methods: Seventy-two preschoolers, 1/3 who had been identified as being at risk for developing ADHD and/or ODD, completed neuropsychological tasks designed to measure inhibitory control and working memory. Behavioral symptoms were measured through parental and teacher ratings of the DSM-IV criteria for ADHD and ODD. Results: Our results suggest distinct types of inhibitory control as being good predictors of concurrent and longitudinal symptoms of ADHD, rather than ODD. However, no associations were obtained between working memory and ADHD or ODD symptoms either concurrently or longitudinally. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the need to isolate complex executive processes and break them down into components in order to properly understand the neuropsychological roots involved in ADHD and ODD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01811.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=176 [article] Early concurrent and longitudinal symptoms of ADHD and ODD: relations to different types of inhibitory control and working memory [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Karin C. BROCKI, Auteur ; Lilianne NYBERG, Auteur ; Lisa B. THORELL, Auteur ; Gunilla BOHLIN, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.1033–1041. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 48-10 (October 2007) . - p.1033–1041 Mots-clés : ADHD ODD inhibitory-control interference-control prepotent-response-inhibition working-memory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The aim of the present study was to investigate how three different types of inhibitory control – interference control within task, interference control outside task, and prepotent response inhibition – and two types of working memory – verbal and spatial – would relate to early symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), both concurrently and longitudinally. Methods: Seventy-two preschoolers, 1/3 who had been identified as being at risk for developing ADHD and/or ODD, completed neuropsychological tasks designed to measure inhibitory control and working memory. Behavioral symptoms were measured through parental and teacher ratings of the DSM-IV criteria for ADHD and ODD. Results: Our results suggest distinct types of inhibitory control as being good predictors of concurrent and longitudinal symptoms of ADHD, rather than ODD. However, no associations were obtained between working memory and ADHD or ODD symptoms either concurrently or longitudinally. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the need to isolate complex executive processes and break them down into components in order to properly understand the neuropsychological roots involved in ADHD and ODD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01811.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=176

Multiple deficits in ADHD: executive dysfunction, delay aversion, reaction time variability, and emotional deficits / Douglas SJOWALL in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-6 (June 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-6 (June 2013) . - p.619-627 Titre : Multiple deficits in ADHD: executive dysfunction, delay aversion, reaction time variability, and emotional deficits Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Douglas SJOWALL, Auteur ; Linda ROTH, Auteur ; Sofia LINDQVIST, Auteur ; Lisa B. THORELL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.619-627 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADHD  executive function  emotion regulation  emotion recognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: The notion that ADHD constitutes a heterogeneous disorder is well accepted. However, this study contributes with new important knowledge by examining independent effects of a large range of neuropsychological deficits. In addition, the study investigated whether deficits in emotional functioning constitute a dissociable component of ADHD. Method: The study included children with ADHD (n = 102; 7–13 years) and a control sample individually matched with regard to age and gender. The administered tasks were designed to tap into three different neuropsychological domains: executive functions (i.e., working memory, inhibition, and shifting), delay aversion, and reaction time variability. Parent ratings of emotion regulation and a test of emotion recognition were also included. Results: Children with ADHD differed significantly from controls on all measures, except for delay aversion and recognition of disgust. No main effects of gender or interaction effects of gender and group were found. More importantly, executive functioning, reaction time variability, and emotional functioning all contributed independently to distinguishing between children with ADHD and controls. Conclusions: The current study supports the view of ADHD as a heterogeneous disorder related to multiple neuropsychological deficits. In addition, emotional functioning appears to be an area of importance for ADHD that needs to be incorporated into future theoretical models. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12006 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=200 [article] Multiple deficits in ADHD: executive dysfunction, delay aversion, reaction time variability, and emotional deficits [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Douglas SJOWALL, Auteur ; Linda ROTH, Auteur ; Sofia LINDQVIST, Auteur ; Lisa B. THORELL, Auteur . - p.619-627. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-6 (June 2013) . - p.619-627 Mots-clés : ADHD  executive function  emotion regulation  emotion recognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: The notion that ADHD constitutes a heterogeneous disorder is well accepted. However, this study contributes with new important knowledge by examining independent effects of a large range of neuropsychological deficits. In addition, the study investigated whether deficits in emotional functioning constitute a dissociable component of ADHD. Method: The study included children with ADHD (n = 102; 7–13 years) and a control sample individually matched with regard to age and gender. The administered tasks were designed to tap into three different neuropsychological domains: executive functions (i.e., working memory, inhibition, and shifting), delay aversion, and reaction time variability. Parent ratings of emotion regulation and a test of emotion recognition were also included. Results: Children with ADHD differed significantly from controls on all measures, except for delay aversion and recognition of disgust. No main effects of gender or interaction effects of gender and group were found. More importantly, executive functioning, reaction time variability, and emotional functioning all contributed independently to distinguishing between children with ADHD and controls. Conclusions: The current study supports the view of ADHD as a heterogeneous disorder related to multiple neuropsychological deficits. In addition, emotional functioning appears to be an area of importance for ADHD that needs to be incorporated into future theoretical models. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12006 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=200

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