Seeing a Page in a Flipbook: Shorter Visual Temporal Integration Windows in 2-Year-Old Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Julie FRESCHL in Autism Research, 14-5 (May 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-5 (May 2021) . - p.946-958 Titre : Seeing a Page in a Flipbook: Shorter Visual Temporal Integration Windows in 2-Year-Old Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Julie FRESCHL, Auteur ; David MELCHER, Auteur ; Alice S. CARTER, Auteur ; Zsuzsa KALDY, Auteur ; Erik BLASER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.946-958 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  integration  segmentation  temporal integration window  toddlers  visual temporal processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience differences in visual temporal processing, the part of vision responsible for parsing continuous input into discrete objects and events. Here we investigated temporal processing in 2-year-old toddlers diagnosed with ASD and age-matched typically developing (TD) toddlers. We used a visual search task where the visibility of the target was determined by the pace of a display sequence. On integration trials, each display viewed alone had no visible target, but if integrated over time, the target became visible. On segmentation trials, the target became visible only when displays were perceptually segmented. We measured the percent of trials when participants fixated the target as a function of the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between displays. We computed the crossover point of the integration and segmentation performance functions for each group, an estimate of the temporal integration window (TIW), the period in which visual input is combined. We found that both groups of toddlers had significantly longer TIWs (125?ms) than adults (65?ms) from previous studies using the same paradigm, and that toddlers with ASD had significantly shorter TIWs (108?ms) than chronologically age-matched TD controls (142?ms). LAY SUMMARY: We investigated how young children, with and without autism, organize dynamic visual information across time, using a visual search paradigm. We found that toddlers with autism had higher temporal resolution than typically developing (TD) toddlers of the same age - that is, they are more likely to be able to detect rapid change across time, relative to TD toddlers. These differences in visual temporal processing can impact how one sees, interprets, and interacts with the world. Autism Res 2021, 14: 946-958. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2430 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=444 [article] Seeing a Page in a Flipbook: Shorter Visual Temporal Integration Windows in 2-Year-Old Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Julie FRESCHL, Auteur ; David MELCHER, Auteur ; Alice S. CARTER, Auteur ; Zsuzsa KALDY, Auteur ; Erik BLASER, Auteur . - p.946-958. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-5 (May 2021) . - p.946-958 Mots-clés : autism  integration  segmentation  temporal integration window  toddlers  visual temporal processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience differences in visual temporal processing, the part of vision responsible for parsing continuous input into discrete objects and events. Here we investigated temporal processing in 2-year-old toddlers diagnosed with ASD and age-matched typically developing (TD) toddlers. We used a visual search task where the visibility of the target was determined by the pace of a display sequence. On integration trials, each display viewed alone had no visible target, but if integrated over time, the target became visible. On segmentation trials, the target became visible only when displays were perceptually segmented. We measured the percent of trials when participants fixated the target as a function of the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between displays. We computed the crossover point of the integration and segmentation performance functions for each group, an estimate of the temporal integration window (TIW), the period in which visual input is combined. We found that both groups of toddlers had significantly longer TIWs (125?ms) than adults (65?ms) from previous studies using the same paradigm, and that toddlers with ASD had significantly shorter TIWs (108?ms) than chronologically age-matched TD controls (142?ms). LAY SUMMARY: We investigated how young children, with and without autism, organize dynamic visual information across time, using a visual search paradigm. We found that toddlers with autism had higher temporal resolution than typically developing (TD) toddlers of the same age - that is, they are more likely to be able to detect rapid change across time, relative to TD toddlers. These differences in visual temporal processing can impact how one sees, interprets, and interacts with the world. Autism Res 2021, 14: 946-958. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2430 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=444

The Mechanisms Underlying the ASD Advantage in Visual Search / Zsuzsa KALDY in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-5 (May 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-5 (May 2016) . - p.1513-1527 Titre : The Mechanisms Underlying the ASD Advantage in Visual Search Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Zsuzsa KALDY, Auteur ; Ivy GISERMAN, Auteur ; Alice S. CARTER, Auteur ; Erik BLASER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1513-1527 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ASD advantage  Visual search  Over-focusing  Phasic attention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A number of studies have demonstrated that individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are faster or more successful than typically developing control participants at various visual-attentional tasks (for reviews, see Dakin and Frith in Neuron 48:497–507, 2005; Simmons et al. in Vis Res 49:2705–2739, 2009). This “ASD advantage” was first identified in the domain of visual search by Plaisted et al. (J Child Psychol Psychiatry 39:777–783, 1998). Here we survey the findings of visual search studies from the past 15 years that contrasted the performance of individuals with and without ASD. Although there are some minor caveats, the overall consensus is that—across development and a broad range of symptom severity—individuals with ASD reliably outperform controls on visual search. The etiology of the ASD advantage has not been formally specified, but has been commonly attributed to ‘enhanced perceptual discrimination’, a superior ability to visually discriminate between targets and distractors in such tasks (e.g. O’Riordan in Cognition 77:81–96, 2000). As well, there is considerable evidence for impairments of the attentional network in ASD (for a review, see Keehn et al. in J Child Psychol Psychiatry 37:164–183, 2013). We discuss some recent results from our laboratory that support an attentional, rather than perceptual explanation for the ASD advantage in visual search. We speculate that this new conceptualization may offer a better understanding of some of the behavioral symptoms associated with ASD, such as over-focusing and restricted interests. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1957-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=288 [article] The Mechanisms Underlying the ASD Advantage in Visual Search [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Zsuzsa KALDY, Auteur ; Ivy GISERMAN, Auteur ; Alice S. CARTER, Auteur ; Erik BLASER, Auteur . - p.1513-1527. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-5 (May 2016) . - p.1513-1527 Mots-clés : ASD advantage  Visual search  Over-focusing  Phasic attention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A number of studies have demonstrated that individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are faster or more successful than typically developing control participants at various visual-attentional tasks (for reviews, see Dakin and Frith in Neuron 48:497–507, 2005; Simmons et al. in Vis Res 49:2705–2739, 2009). This “ASD advantage” was first identified in the domain of visual search by Plaisted et al. (J Child Psychol Psychiatry 39:777–783, 1998). Here we survey the findings of visual search studies from the past 15 years that contrasted the performance of individuals with and without ASD. Although there are some minor caveats, the overall consensus is that—across development and a broad range of symptom severity—individuals with ASD reliably outperform controls on visual search. The etiology of the ASD advantage has not been formally specified, but has been commonly attributed to ‘enhanced perceptual discrimination’, a superior ability to visually discriminate between targets and distractors in such tasks (e.g. O’Riordan in Cognition 77:81–96, 2000). As well, there is considerable evidence for impairments of the attentional network in ASD (for a review, see Keehn et al. in J Child Psychol Psychiatry 37:164–183, 2013). We discuss some recent results from our laboratory that support an attentional, rather than perceptual explanation for the ASD advantage in visual search. We speculate that this new conceptualization may offer a better understanding of some of the behavioral symptoms associated with ASD, such as over-focusing and restricted interests. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1957-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=288

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