A cluster analysis exploration of autism spectrum disorder subgroups in children without intellectual disability / Felicity KLOPPER in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 36 (April 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 36 (April 2017) . - p.66-78 Titre : A cluster analysis exploration of autism spectrum disorder subgroups in children without intellectual disability Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Felicity KLOPPER, Auteur ; Renee TESTA, Auteur ; Christos PANTELIS, Auteur ; Efstratios SKAFIDAS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.66-78 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders  Asperger disorder  Autistic disorder  Classification  Subgroups Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The heterogeneity in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains poorly understood, particularly in individuals without intellectual disability (ID), where phenotypic variability can be most pronounced. The presence of phenotypic subgroups continues to be questioned. This study investigated whether children with ASD without ID are differentiable into clinically meaningful subgroups. Method Data from the ‘gold standard’ ASD diagnostic instruments for 61 children (5–14 years) with ASD without ID were subjected to exploratory cluster analysis. Cognition, language, pragmatic communication, and behaviour were used to explore subgroups. Results Children with ASD without ID could be differentiated into Moderate and Severe Social Impairment subgroups when core ASD symptoms were more closely examined. The Moderate Social Impairment subgroup showed less severe social interaction and communication impairments but greater lifetime severity of restricted/repetitive behaviours. In contrast, the Severe Social Impairment subgroup, with poorer social interaction and communication skills, had lower lifetime severity of restricted/repetitive behaviours. This subgroup also had greater cognitive and language difficulties, and poorer adaptive functioning. Importantly, however, these neurocognitive and functional differences showed only small to moderate associations with the differentiated ASD clinical profiles. Conclusions Evidence of dissociated levels of severity across core ASD dimensions supports the idea that clinically meaningful subgroups within ASD without ID can be identified. The dissociated profiles of ASD features could represent different underlying neurobiological mechanisms for each subgroup. Identifying such subgroups in practice can improve the clinical utility of diagnostic labels in this population. Thus, both categorical and dimensional approaches may be useful in classifying ASD, with neither alone being adequate. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2017.01.006 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=304 [article] A cluster analysis exploration of autism spectrum disorder subgroups in children without intellectual disability [texte imprimé] / Felicity KLOPPER, Auteur ; Renee TESTA, Auteur ; Christos PANTELIS, Auteur ; Efstratios SKAFIDAS, Auteur . - p.66-78. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 36 (April 2017) . - p.66-78 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders  Asperger disorder  Autistic disorder  Classification  Subgroups Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The heterogeneity in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains poorly understood, particularly in individuals without intellectual disability (ID), where phenotypic variability can be most pronounced. The presence of phenotypic subgroups continues to be questioned. This study investigated whether children with ASD without ID are differentiable into clinically meaningful subgroups. Method Data from the ‘gold standard’ ASD diagnostic instruments for 61 children (5–14 years) with ASD without ID were subjected to exploratory cluster analysis. Cognition, language, pragmatic communication, and behaviour were used to explore subgroups. Results Children with ASD without ID could be differentiated into Moderate and Severe Social Impairment subgroups when core ASD symptoms were more closely examined. The Moderate Social Impairment subgroup showed less severe social interaction and communication impairments but greater lifetime severity of restricted/repetitive behaviours. In contrast, the Severe Social Impairment subgroup, with poorer social interaction and communication skills, had lower lifetime severity of restricted/repetitive behaviours. This subgroup also had greater cognitive and language difficulties, and poorer adaptive functioning. Importantly, however, these neurocognitive and functional differences showed only small to moderate associations with the differentiated ASD clinical profiles. Conclusions Evidence of dissociated levels of severity across core ASD dimensions supports the idea that clinically meaningful subgroups within ASD without ID can be identified. The dissociated profiles of ASD features could represent different underlying neurobiological mechanisms for each subgroup. Identifying such subgroups in practice can improve the clinical utility of diagnostic labels in this population. Thus, both categorical and dimensional approaches may be useful in classifying ASD, with neither alone being adequate. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2017.01.006 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=304

No preliminary evidence of differences in astrocyte density within the white matter of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in autism / Ting Ting LEE in Molecular Autism, 8 (2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 8 (2017) . - 64p. Titre : No preliminary evidence of differences in astrocyte density within the white matter of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in autism Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ting Ting LEE, Auteur ; Efstratios SKAFIDAS, Auteur ; Mirella DOTTORI, Auteur ; Daniela ZANTOMIO, Auteur ; Christos PANTELIS, Auteur ; Ian EVERALL, Auteur ; Gursharan CHANA, Auteur Article en page(s) : 64p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Astrocytes  Autism  Cell density  Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)  Glia  White matter Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: While evidence for white matter and astrocytic abnormalities exist in autism, a detailed investigation of astrocytes has not been conducted. Such an investigation is further warranted by an increasing role for neuroinflammation in autism pathogenesis, with astrocytes being key players in this process. We present the first study of astrocyte density and morphology within the white matter of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in individuals with autism. Methods: DLPFC formalin-fixed sections containing white matter from individuals with autism (n = 8, age = 4-51 years) and age-matched controls (n = 7, age = 4-46 years) were immunostained for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Density of astrocytes and other glia were estimated via the optical fractionator, astrocyte somal size estimated via the nucleator, and astrocyte process length via the spaceballs probe. Results: We found no evidence for alteration in astrocyte density within DLPFC white matter of individuals with autism versus controls, together with no differences in astrocyte somal size and process length. Conclusion: Our results suggest that astrocyte abnormalities within the white matter in the DLPFC in autism may be less pronounced than previously thought. However, astrocytic dysregulation may still exist in autism, even in the absence of gross morphological changes. Our lack of evidence for astrocyte abnormalities could have been confounded to an extent by having a small sample size and wide age range, with pathological features potentially restricted to early stages of autism. Nonetheless, future investigations would benefit from assessing functional markers of astrocytes in light of the underlying pathophysiology of autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-017-0181-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=330 [article] No preliminary evidence of differences in astrocyte density within the white matter of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in autism [texte imprimé] / Ting Ting LEE, Auteur ; Efstratios SKAFIDAS, Auteur ; Mirella DOTTORI, Auteur ; Daniela ZANTOMIO, Auteur ; Christos PANTELIS, Auteur ; Ian EVERALL, Auteur ; Gursharan CHANA, Auteur . - 64p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 8 (2017) . - 64p. Mots-clés : Astrocytes  Autism  Cell density  Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)  Glia  White matter Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: While evidence for white matter and astrocytic abnormalities exist in autism, a detailed investigation of astrocytes has not been conducted. Such an investigation is further warranted by an increasing role for neuroinflammation in autism pathogenesis, with astrocytes being key players in this process. We present the first study of astrocyte density and morphology within the white matter of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in individuals with autism. Methods: DLPFC formalin-fixed sections containing white matter from individuals with autism (n = 8, age = 4-51 years) and age-matched controls (n = 7, age = 4-46 years) were immunostained for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Density of astrocytes and other glia were estimated via the optical fractionator, astrocyte somal size estimated via the nucleator, and astrocyte process length via the spaceballs probe. Results: We found no evidence for alteration in astrocyte density within DLPFC white matter of individuals with autism versus controls, together with no differences in astrocyte somal size and process length. Conclusion: Our results suggest that astrocyte abnormalities within the white matter in the DLPFC in autism may be less pronounced than previously thought. However, astrocytic dysregulation may still exist in autism, even in the absence of gross morphological changes. Our lack of evidence for astrocyte abnormalities could have been confounded to an extent by having a small sample size and wide age range, with pathological features potentially restricted to early stages of autism. Nonetheless, future investigations would benefit from assessing functional markers of astrocytes in light of the underlying pathophysiology of autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-017-0181-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=330

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