Dépouillements

Communication Skills / Anthony J. BAILEY in Autism Research, 2-1 (February 2009)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 2-1 (February 2009) . - p.1 Titre : Communication Skills Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anthony J. BAILEY, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : p.1 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.71 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=935 [article] Communication Skills [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anthony J. BAILEY, Auteur . - 2009 . - p.1. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 2-1 (February 2009) . - p.1 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.71 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=935

A parallel and distributed-processing model of joint attention, social cognition and autism / Peter C. MUNDY in Autism Research, 2-1 (February 2009)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 2-1 (February 2009) . - p.2-21 Titre : A parallel and distributed-processing model of joint attention, social cognition and autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Peter C. MUNDY, Auteur ; Lisa SULLIVAN, Auteur ; Ann M. MASTERGEORGE, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : p.2-21 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : early-development neural-connectivity social-symptoms Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The impaired development of joint attention is a cardinal feature of autism. Therefore, understanding the nature of joint attention is central to research on this disorder. Joint attention may be best defined in terms of an information-processing system that begins to develop by 4-6 months of age. This system integrates the parallel processing of internal information about one's own visual attention with external information about the visual attention of other people. This type of joint encoding of information about self and other attention requires the activation of a distributed anterior and posterior cortical attention network. Genetic regulation, in conjunction with self-organizing behavioral activity, guides the development of functional connectivity in this network. With practice in infancy the joint processing of self-other attention becomes automatically engaged as an executive function. It can be argued that this executive joint attention is fundamental to human learning as well as the development of symbolic thought, social cognition and social competence throughout the life span. One advantage of this parallel and distributed-processing model of joint attention is that it directly connects theory on social pathology to a range of phenomena in autism associated with neural connectivity, constructivist and connectionist models of cognitive development, early intervention, activity-dependent gene expression and atypical ocular motor control. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.61 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=935 [article] A parallel and distributed-processing model of joint attention, social cognition and autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Peter C. MUNDY, Auteur ; Lisa SULLIVAN, Auteur ; Ann M. MASTERGEORGE, Auteur . - 2009 . - p.2-21. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 2-1 (February 2009) . - p.2-21 Mots-clés : early-development neural-connectivity social-symptoms Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The impaired development of joint attention is a cardinal feature of autism. Therefore, understanding the nature of joint attention is central to research on this disorder. Joint attention may be best defined in terms of an information-processing system that begins to develop by 4-6 months of age. This system integrates the parallel processing of internal information about one's own visual attention with external information about the visual attention of other people. This type of joint encoding of information about self and other attention requires the activation of a distributed anterior and posterior cortical attention network. Genetic regulation, in conjunction with self-organizing behavioral activity, guides the development of functional connectivity in this network. With practice in infancy the joint processing of self-other attention becomes automatically engaged as an executive function. It can be argued that this executive joint attention is fundamental to human learning as well as the development of symbolic thought, social cognition and social competence throughout the life span. One advantage of this parallel and distributed-processing model of joint attention is that it directly connects theory on social pathology to a range of phenomena in autism associated with neural connectivity, constructivist and connectionist models of cognitive development, early intervention, activity-dependent gene expression and atypical ocular motor control. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.61 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=935

Language and reading abilities of children with autism spectrum disorders and specific language impairment and their first-degree relatives / Kristen A. LINDGREN in Autism Research, 2-1 (February 2009)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 2-1 (February 2009) . - p.22-38 Titre : Language and reading abilities of children with autism spectrum disorders and specific language impairment and their first-degree relatives Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kristen A. LINDGREN, Auteur ; Helen TAGER-FLUSBERG, Auteur ; J. Bruce TOMBLIN, Auteur ; S. E. FOLSTEIN, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : p.22-38 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism-spectrum-disorder specific-language-impairment parents siblings broader-phenotype genetics language reading Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and specific language impairment (SLI) are developmental disorders exhibiting language deficits, but it is unclear whether they arise from similar etiologies. Language impairments have been described in family members of children with ASD and SLI, but few studies have quantified them. In this study, we examined IQ, language, and reading abilities of ASD and SLI children and their first-degree relatives to address whether the language difficulties observed in some children with ASD are familial and to better understand the degree of overlap between these disorders and their broader phenotypes. Participants were 52 autistic children, 36 children with SLI, their siblings, and their parents. The ASD group was divided into those with (ALI, n=32) and without (ALN, n=20) language impairment. Relationships between ASD severity and language performance were also examined in the ASD probands. ALI and SLI probands performed similarly on most measures while ALN probands scored higher. ALN and ALI probands' language scores were not related to Autism Diagnostic Interview - Revised and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule algorithm scores. SLI relatives scored lowest on all measures, and while scores were not in the impaired range, relatives of ALI children scored lower than relatives of ALN children on some measures, though not those showing highest heritability in SLI. Given that ALI relatives performed better than SLI relatives across the language measures, the hypothesis that ALI and SLI families share similar genetic loading for language is not strongly supported. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.63 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=935 [article] Language and reading abilities of children with autism spectrum disorders and specific language impairment and their first-degree relatives [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kristen A. LINDGREN, Auteur ; Helen TAGER-FLUSBERG, Auteur ; J. Bruce TOMBLIN, Auteur ; S. E. FOLSTEIN, Auteur . - 2009 . - p.22-38. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 2-1 (February 2009) . - p.22-38 Mots-clés : autism-spectrum-disorder specific-language-impairment parents siblings broader-phenotype genetics language reading Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and specific language impairment (SLI) are developmental disorders exhibiting language deficits, but it is unclear whether they arise from similar etiologies. Language impairments have been described in family members of children with ASD and SLI, but few studies have quantified them. In this study, we examined IQ, language, and reading abilities of ASD and SLI children and their first-degree relatives to address whether the language difficulties observed in some children with ASD are familial and to better understand the degree of overlap between these disorders and their broader phenotypes. Participants were 52 autistic children, 36 children with SLI, their siblings, and their parents. The ASD group was divided into those with (ALI, n=32) and without (ALN, n=20) language impairment. Relationships between ASD severity and language performance were also examined in the ASD probands. ALI and SLI probands performed similarly on most measures while ALN probands scored higher. ALN and ALI probands' language scores were not related to Autism Diagnostic Interview - Revised and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule algorithm scores. SLI relatives scored lowest on all measures, and while scores were not in the impaired range, relatives of ALI children scored lower than relatives of ALN children on some measures, though not those showing highest heritability in SLI. Given that ALI relatives performed better than SLI relatives across the language measures, the hypothesis that ALI and SLI families share similar genetic loading for language is not strongly supported. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.63 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=935

Comparing cortisol, stress, and sensory sensitivity in children with autism / Blythe A. CORBETT in Autism Research, 2-1 (February 2009)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 2-1 (February 2009) . - p.39-49 Titre : Comparing cortisol, stress, and sensory sensitivity in children with autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Blythe A. CORBETT, Auteur ; Seymour LEVINE, Auteur ; Clayton W. SCHUPP, Auteur ; Sally MENDOZA, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : p.39-49 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism cortisol diurnal-variation stress LHPA sensory-sensitivity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previously we reported that children with autism show significant variability in cortisol. The current investigation was designed to extend these findings by exploring plausible relationships between cortisol and psychological measures of stress and sensory functioning. Salivary cortisol values for diurnal rhythms and response to stress in children with and without autism were compared to parent-report measures of child stress, the Stress Survey Schedule (SSS), sensory functioning, Short Sensory Profile (SSP), and Parenting Stress Index. In autism, a negative relationship between morning cortisol and the SSS revealed that higher observed symptoms of stress were related to lower cortisol. Lower cortisol is seen in conditions of chronic stress and in social situations characterized by unstable social relationships. Sensory sensitivity painted a more complicated picture, in that some aspects of SSP were associated with higher while others were associated with lower cortisol. We propose that increased sensory sensitivity may enhance the autistic child's susceptibility to the influence of zeitgeibers reflected in variable cortisol secretion. Evening cortisol was positively associated with SSS such that the higher the level of evening cortisol, the higher the child's parent-reported daily stress, especially to changes, such as in daily routine. Regarding the response to stress, the psychological and parent variables did not differentiate the groups; rather, discrete subgroups of cortisol responders and nonresponders were revealed in both the autism and neurotypical children. The results support a complex interplay between physiological and behavioral stress and sensory sensitivity in autism and plausible developmental factors influencing stress reactivity across the groups. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.64 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=935 [article] Comparing cortisol, stress, and sensory sensitivity in children with autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Blythe A. CORBETT, Auteur ; Seymour LEVINE, Auteur ; Clayton W. SCHUPP, Auteur ; Sally MENDOZA, Auteur . - 2009 . - p.39-49. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 2-1 (February 2009) . - p.39-49 Mots-clés : autism cortisol diurnal-variation stress LHPA sensory-sensitivity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previously we reported that children with autism show significant variability in cortisol. The current investigation was designed to extend these findings by exploring plausible relationships between cortisol and psychological measures of stress and sensory functioning. Salivary cortisol values for diurnal rhythms and response to stress in children with and without autism were compared to parent-report measures of child stress, the Stress Survey Schedule (SSS), sensory functioning, Short Sensory Profile (SSP), and Parenting Stress Index. In autism, a negative relationship between morning cortisol and the SSS revealed that higher observed symptoms of stress were related to lower cortisol. Lower cortisol is seen in conditions of chronic stress and in social situations characterized by unstable social relationships. Sensory sensitivity painted a more complicated picture, in that some aspects of SSP were associated with higher while others were associated with lower cortisol. We propose that increased sensory sensitivity may enhance the autistic child's susceptibility to the influence of zeitgeibers reflected in variable cortisol secretion. Evening cortisol was positively associated with SSS such that the higher the level of evening cortisol, the higher the child's parent-reported daily stress, especially to changes, such as in daily routine. Regarding the response to stress, the psychological and parent variables did not differentiate the groups; rather, discrete subgroups of cortisol responders and nonresponders were revealed in both the autism and neurotypical children. The results support a complex interplay between physiological and behavioral stress and sensory sensitivity in autism and plausible developmental factors influencing stress reactivity across the groups. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.64 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=935

Decreased GAD65 mRNA levels in select subpopulations of neurons in the cerebellar dentate nuclei in autism: an in situ hybridization study / Jane YIP in Autism Research, 2-1 (February 2009)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 2-1 (February 2009) . - p.50-59 Titre : Decreased GAD65 mRNA levels in select subpopulations of neurons in the cerebellar dentate nuclei in autism: an in situ hybridization study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jane YIP, Auteur ; Gene J. BLATT, Auteur ; Jean Jacques SOGHOMONIAN, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : p.50-59 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : dentate-nucleus cerebellum autistic GABA dysregulation cerebellar-nuclei Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The laterally positioned dentate nuclei lie in a key position in the cerebellum to receive input from Purkinje cells in the lateral cerebellar hemisphere participating in both motor and cognitive functions. Although neuropathology of the four cerebellar nuclei using Nissl staining has been qualitatively reported in children and adults with autism, surprisingly the dentate nuclei appeared less affected despite reported reductions in Purkinje cells in the posterolateral cerebellar hemisphere. To determine any underlying abnormalities in the critically important GABAergic system, the rate-limiting GABA synthesizing enzyme, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) type 65 was measured via in situ hybridization histochemistry in dentate somata. GAD65 mRNA labeling revealed two distinct subpopulations of neurons in adult control and autism postmortem brains: small-sized cells (about 10-12 µm in diameter, presumed interneurons) and larger-sized neurons (about 18-20 µm in diameter, likely feedback to inferior olivary neurons). A mean 51% reduction in GAD65 mRNA levels was found in the larger labeled cells in the autistic group compared with the control group (P=0.009; independent t-test) but not in the smaller cell subpopulation. This suggests a disturbance in the intrinsic cerebellar circuitry in the autism group potentially interfering with the synchronous firing of inferior olivary neurons, and the timing of Purkinje cell firing and inputs to the dentate nuclei. Disturbances in critical neural substrates within these key circuits could disrupt afferents to motor and/or cognitive cerebral association areas in the autistic brain likely contributing to the marked behavioral consequences characteristic of autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.62 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=935 [article] Decreased GAD65 mRNA levels in select subpopulations of neurons in the cerebellar dentate nuclei in autism: an in situ hybridization study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jane YIP, Auteur ; Gene J. BLATT, Auteur ; Jean Jacques SOGHOMONIAN, Auteur . - 2009 . - p.50-59. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 2-1 (February 2009) . - p.50-59 Mots-clés : dentate-nucleus cerebellum autistic GABA dysregulation cerebellar-nuclei Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The laterally positioned dentate nuclei lie in a key position in the cerebellum to receive input from Purkinje cells in the lateral cerebellar hemisphere participating in both motor and cognitive functions. Although neuropathology of the four cerebellar nuclei using Nissl staining has been qualitatively reported in children and adults with autism, surprisingly the dentate nuclei appeared less affected despite reported reductions in Purkinje cells in the posterolateral cerebellar hemisphere. To determine any underlying abnormalities in the critically important GABAergic system, the rate-limiting GABA synthesizing enzyme, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) type 65 was measured via in situ hybridization histochemistry in dentate somata. GAD65 mRNA labeling revealed two distinct subpopulations of neurons in adult control and autism postmortem brains: small-sized cells (about 10-12 µm in diameter, presumed interneurons) and larger-sized neurons (about 18-20 µm in diameter, likely feedback to inferior olivary neurons). A mean 51% reduction in GAD65 mRNA levels was found in the larger labeled cells in the autistic group compared with the control group (P=0.009; independent t-test) but not in the smaller cell subpopulation. This suggests a disturbance in the intrinsic cerebellar circuitry in the autism group potentially interfering with the synchronous firing of inferior olivary neurons, and the timing of Purkinje cell firing and inputs to the dentate nuclei. Disturbances in critical neural substrates within these key circuits could disrupt afferents to motor and/or cognitive cerebral association areas in the autistic brain likely contributing to the marked behavioral consequences characteristic of autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.62 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=935

Literature Review: Mitchondrial disorders; Circumscribed interests / Edwin H. Jr COOK in Autism Research, 2-1 (February 2009)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 2-1 (February 2009) . - p.60-61 Titre : Literature Review: Mitchondrial disorders; Circumscribed interests Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Edwin H. Jr COOK, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : p.60-61 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.65 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=935 [article] Literature Review: Mitchondrial disorders; Circumscribed interests [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Edwin H. Jr COOK, Auteur . - 2009 . - p.60-61. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 2-1 (February 2009) . - p.60-61 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.65 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=935

Lay abstracts in Autism Research, 2-1 (February 2009)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 2-1 (February 2009) . - p.62-63 Titre : Lay abstracts Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : p.62-63 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.66 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=935 [article] Lay abstracts [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - 2009 . - p.62-63. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 2-1 (February 2009) . - p.62-63 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.66 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=935

The International Meeting for Autism Research in Autism Research, 2-1 (February 2009)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 2-1 (February 2009) . - p.64 Titre : The International Meeting for Autism Research Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : p.64 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.68 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=936 [article] The International Meeting for Autism Research [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - 2009 . - p.64. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 2-1 (February 2009) . - p.64 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.68 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=936

International Society for Autism Research News in Autism Research, 2-1 (February 2009)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 2-1 (February 2009) . - p.65 Titre : International Society for Autism Research News Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : p.65 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.67 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=936 [article] International Society for Autism Research News [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - 2009 . - p.65. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 2-1 (February 2009) . - p.65 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.67 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=936