Association between childhood maltreatment and adult emotional dysregulation in a low-income, urban, African American sample: Moderation by oxytocin receptor gene / Bekh BRADLEY in Development and Psychopathology, 23-2 (May 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 23-2 (May 2011) . - p.439-452 Titre : Association between childhood maltreatment and adult emotional dysregulation in a low-income, urban, African American sample: Moderation by oxytocin receptor gene Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Bekh BRADLEY, Auteur ; Drew WESTEN, Auteur ; Kristina B. MERCER, Auteur ; Elisabeth B. BINDER, Auteur ; Tanja JOVANOVIC, Auteur ; Daniel CRAIN, Auteur ; Aliza WINGO, Auteur ; Christine HEIM, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.439-452 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The ability to effectively regulate emotions and a secure attachment style are critical for maintaining mental health across the life span. The experience of childhood maltreatment interferes with normal development of emotional regulation and dramatically increases risk for a wide range of psychiatric disorders in adulthood. The central nervous system oxytocin systems are critically involved in mediating social attachment and buffering psychophysiological responses to stress. We therefore investigated the impact of childhood maltreatment and an oxytocin receptor (OXTR) single nucleotide polymorphism (rs53576) and their interaction on emotional dysregulation and attachment style in adulthood in a sample of low-income, African American men and women recruited from primary care clinics of an urban, public hospital. Consistent with prior research, we found that the severity of childhood maltreatment was associated with increased levels of emotional dysregulation in adulthood. Childhood maltreatment was also positively associated with ratings of disorganized/unresolved adult attachment style and negatively associated with ratings of secure adult attachment style. There was no direct association between rs53576 and emotional dysregulation or ratings of adult attachment style. However, there were significant interactions between rs53576 and childhood maltreatment in predicting level of adult emotional dysregulation and attachment style. Specifically, G/G genotype carriers were at risk for increased emotional dysregulation when exposed to three or more categories of childhood abuse. In addition, G/G genotype carriers exhibited enhanced disorganized adult attachment style when exposed to severe childhood abuse compared to A/A and A/G carriers. Our findings suggest that A allele carriers of OXTR rs53576 are resilient against the effects of severe childhood adversity, by protection against emotional dysregulation and disorganized attachment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579411000162 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=121 [article] Association between childhood maltreatment and adult emotional dysregulation in a low-income, urban, African American sample: Moderation by oxytocin receptor gene [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Bekh BRADLEY, Auteur ; Drew WESTEN, Auteur ; Kristina B. MERCER, Auteur ; Elisabeth B. BINDER, Auteur ; Tanja JOVANOVIC, Auteur ; Daniel CRAIN, Auteur ; Aliza WINGO, Auteur ; Christine HEIM, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.439-452. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 23-2 (May 2011) . - p.439-452 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The ability to effectively regulate emotions and a secure attachment style are critical for maintaining mental health across the life span. The experience of childhood maltreatment interferes with normal development of emotional regulation and dramatically increases risk for a wide range of psychiatric disorders in adulthood. The central nervous system oxytocin systems are critically involved in mediating social attachment and buffering psychophysiological responses to stress. We therefore investigated the impact of childhood maltreatment and an oxytocin receptor (OXTR) single nucleotide polymorphism (rs53576) and their interaction on emotional dysregulation and attachment style in adulthood in a sample of low-income, African American men and women recruited from primary care clinics of an urban, public hospital. Consistent with prior research, we found that the severity of childhood maltreatment was associated with increased levels of emotional dysregulation in adulthood. Childhood maltreatment was also positively associated with ratings of disorganized/unresolved adult attachment style and negatively associated with ratings of secure adult attachment style. There was no direct association between rs53576 and emotional dysregulation or ratings of adult attachment style. However, there were significant interactions between rs53576 and childhood maltreatment in predicting level of adult emotional dysregulation and attachment style. Specifically, G/G genotype carriers were at risk for increased emotional dysregulation when exposed to three or more categories of childhood abuse. In addition, G/G genotype carriers exhibited enhanced disorganized adult attachment style when exposed to severe childhood abuse compared to A/A and A/G carriers. Our findings suggest that A allele carriers of OXTR rs53576 are resilient against the effects of severe childhood adversity, by protection against emotional dysregulation and disorganized attachment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579411000162 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=121

Identity disturbance in adolescence: Associations with borderline personality disorder / Drew WESTEN in Development and Psychopathology, 23-1 (January 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 23-1 (January 2011) . - p.305-313 Titre : Identity disturbance in adolescence: Associations with borderline personality disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Drew WESTEN, Auteur ; Ephi BETAN, Auteur ; Jared A. DEFIFE, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.305-313 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although establishing a coherent identity is often viewed as a normative developmental task of adolescence, an important question is whether forms of identity disturbance seen in adult personality disorders can also be distinguished in adolescents. If so, such disturbances would constitute an essential target for research and clinical interventions. The goal of this study is to investigate the nature of identity disturbance in an adolescent clinical sample and to explore its links with personality pathology, particularly borderline personality disorder. A national random sample of 139 psychiatrists and clinical psychologists completed a battery of instruments on a randomly selected adolescent patient in their care, including measures of Axis II symptoms and the Identity Disturbance Questionnaire—Adolescent Version, an instrument designed for clinically experienced observers that assesses a wide range of manifestations of potential identity disturbance among adolescents. Factor analysis of the Identity Disturbance Questionnaire—Adolescent Version yielded four clinically and conceptually coherent factors that resembled dimensions previously identified in adults: lack of normative commitment, role absorption, painful incoherence, and lack of consistency. As in adults, identity disturbance in adolescents is a clinically meaningful, multidimensional construct exhibiting significant relationships with different forms of severe personality pathology, most notably borderline personality disorder. As such, identity disturbance can be a manifestation of psychopathology above and beyond the typical Sturm und Drang (storm and stress) of adolescence. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579410000817 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=117 [article] Identity disturbance in adolescence: Associations with borderline personality disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Drew WESTEN, Auteur ; Ephi BETAN, Auteur ; Jared A. DEFIFE, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.305-313. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 23-1 (January 2011) . - p.305-313 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although establishing a coherent identity is often viewed as a normative developmental task of adolescence, an important question is whether forms of identity disturbance seen in adult personality disorders can also be distinguished in adolescents. If so, such disturbances would constitute an essential target for research and clinical interventions. The goal of this study is to investigate the nature of identity disturbance in an adolescent clinical sample and to explore its links with personality pathology, particularly borderline personality disorder. A national random sample of 139 psychiatrists and clinical psychologists completed a battery of instruments on a randomly selected adolescent patient in their care, including measures of Axis II symptoms and the Identity Disturbance Questionnaire—Adolescent Version, an instrument designed for clinically experienced observers that assesses a wide range of manifestations of potential identity disturbance among adolescents. Factor analysis of the Identity Disturbance Questionnaire—Adolescent Version yielded four clinically and conceptually coherent factors that resembled dimensions previously identified in adults: lack of normative commitment, role absorption, painful incoherence, and lack of consistency. As in adults, identity disturbance in adolescents is a clinically meaningful, multidimensional construct exhibiting significant relationships with different forms of severe personality pathology, most notably borderline personality disorder. As such, identity disturbance can be a manifestation of psychopathology above and beyond the typical Sturm und Drang (storm and stress) of adolescence. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579410000817 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=117

Personality subtypes in adolescents with eating disorders: validation of a classification approach / Heather THOMPSON-BRENNER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49-2 (February 2008)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 49-2 (February 2008) . - p.170–180 Titre : Personality subtypes in adolescents with eating disorders: validation of a classification approach Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Heather THOMPSON-BRENNER, Auteur ; Kamryn T. EDDY, Auteur ; Dana A. SATIR, Auteur ; Christina L. BOISSEAU, Auteur ; Drew WESTEN, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p.170–180 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Eating-disorder adolescence personality comorbidity classification family-factors Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research has identified three personality subtypes in adults with eating disorders (EDs): a high-functioning, an undercontrolled, and an overcontrolled group. The current study investigated whether similar personality prototypes exist in adolescents with EDs, and whether these personality prototypes show relationships to external correlates indicative of diagnostic validity. Methods: Experienced clinicians from an adolescent practice-research network provided data on ED symptoms, DSM-IV comorbidity, personality pathology, and family and developmental history for 120 adolescent patients with EDs. Results: Consistent with the findings from the adult literature, three types of personality pathology emerged in adolescents: High-functioning/Perfectionistic, Emotionally Dysregulated, and Avoidant/Depressed. The High-functioning prototype showed negative associations with comorbidity and positive associations with treatment response. The Emotionally Dysregulated prototype was specifically associated with externalizing Axis I and Cluster B Axis II disorders, poor school functioning, and adverse events in childhood. The Avoidant/Depressed prototype showed specific associations with internalizing Axis I and Clusters A Axis II disorders, poor peer relationships, poor maternal relationships, and internalizing disorders in first-degree relatives. Conclusions: These data support the presence of at least three diagnostically meaningful personality prototypes in adolescents with EDs, similar to those found previously in adults. Diagnosis of adolescents with EDs may be usefully supplemented by the assessment of personality style. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01825.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=320 [article] Personality subtypes in adolescents with eating disorders: validation of a classification approach [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Heather THOMPSON-BRENNER, Auteur ; Kamryn T. EDDY, Auteur ; Dana A. SATIR, Auteur ; Christina L. BOISSEAU, Auteur ; Drew WESTEN, Auteur . - 2008 . - p.170–180. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 49-2 (February 2008) . - p.170–180 Mots-clés : Eating-disorder adolescence personality comorbidity classification family-factors Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research has identified three personality subtypes in adults with eating disorders (EDs): a high-functioning, an undercontrolled, and an overcontrolled group. The current study investigated whether similar personality prototypes exist in adolescents with EDs, and whether these personality prototypes show relationships to external correlates indicative of diagnostic validity. Methods: Experienced clinicians from an adolescent practice-research network provided data on ED symptoms, DSM-IV comorbidity, personality pathology, and family and developmental history for 120 adolescent patients with EDs. Results: Consistent with the findings from the adult literature, three types of personality pathology emerged in adolescents: High-functioning/Perfectionistic, Emotionally Dysregulated, and Avoidant/Depressed. The High-functioning prototype showed negative associations with comorbidity and positive associations with treatment response. The Emotionally Dysregulated prototype was specifically associated with externalizing Axis I and Cluster B Axis II disorders, poor school functioning, and adverse events in childhood. The Avoidant/Depressed prototype showed specific associations with internalizing Axis I and Clusters A Axis II disorders, poor peer relationships, poor maternal relationships, and internalizing disorders in first-degree relatives. Conclusions: These data support the presence of at least three diagnostically meaningful personality prototypes in adolescents with EDs, similar to those found previously in adults. Diagnosis of adolescents with EDs may be usefully supplemented by the assessment of personality style. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01825.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=320

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