Electrophysiological study of local/global processing in Williams syndrome / A. P. KEY in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 3-1 (March 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 3-1 (March 2011) . - p.28-38 Titre : Electrophysiological study of local/global processing in Williams syndrome Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : A. P. KEY, Auteur ; E. M. DYKENS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.28-38 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Persons with Williams syndrome (WS) demonstrate pronounced deficits in visuo-spatial processing. The purpose of the current study was to examine the preferred level of perceptual analysis in young adults with WS (n = 21) and the role of attention in the processing of hierarchical stimuli. Navon-like letter stimuli were presented to adults with WS and age-matched typical controls in an oddball paradigm where local and global targets could appear with equal probability. Participants received no explicit instruction to direct their attention toward a particular stimulus level. Behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) data were recorded. Behavioral data indicated presence of a global precedence effect in persons with WS. However, their ERP responses revealed atypical brain mechanisms underlying attention to local information. During the early perceptual analysis, global targets resulted in reduced P1 and enhanced N150 responses in both participant groups. However, only the typical comparison group demonstrated a larger N150 to local targets. At the more advanced stages of cognitive processing, a larger P3b response to global and local targets was observed in the typical group but not in persons with WS, who instead demonstrated an enhanced P3a to global targets only. The results indicate that in a perceptual task, adults with WS may experience greater than typical global-to-local interference and not allocate sufficient attentional resources to local information. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11689-010-9064-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=343 [article] Electrophysiological study of local/global processing in Williams syndrome [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / A. P. KEY, Auteur ; E. M. DYKENS, Auteur . - p.28-38. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 3-1 (March 2011) . - p.28-38 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Persons with Williams syndrome (WS) demonstrate pronounced deficits in visuo-spatial processing. The purpose of the current study was to examine the preferred level of perceptual analysis in young adults with WS (n = 21) and the role of attention in the processing of hierarchical stimuli. Navon-like letter stimuli were presented to adults with WS and age-matched typical controls in an oddball paradigm where local and global targets could appear with equal probability. Participants received no explicit instruction to direct their attention toward a particular stimulus level. Behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) data were recorded. Behavioral data indicated presence of a global precedence effect in persons with WS. However, their ERP responses revealed atypical brain mechanisms underlying attention to local information. During the early perceptual analysis, global targets resulted in reduced P1 and enhanced N150 responses in both participant groups. However, only the typical comparison group demonstrated a larger N150 to local targets. At the more advanced stages of cognitive processing, a larger P3b response to global and local targets was observed in the typical group but not in persons with WS, who instead demonstrated an enhanced P3a to global targets only. The results indicate that in a perceptual task, adults with WS may experience greater than typical global-to-local interference and not allocate sufficient attentional resources to local information. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11689-010-9064-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=343

Examining the relationship between face processing and social interaction behavior in children with and without autism spectrum disorder / B. A. CORBETT in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 6-1 (December 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 6-1 (December 2014) . - p.35 Titre : Examining the relationship between face processing and social interaction behavior in children with and without autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : B. A. CORBETT, Auteur ; C. NEWSOM, Auteur ; A. P. KEY, Auteur ; L. R. QUALLS, Auteur ; E. K. EDMISTON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.35 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Ecological validity  Face memory  Neuropsychology  Play Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show impairment in reciprocal social communication, which includes deficits in social cognition and behavior. Since social cognition and social behavior are considered to be interdependent, it is valuable to examine social processes on multiple levels of analysis. Neuropsychological measures of face processing often reveal deficits in social cognition in ASD including the ability to identify and remember facial information. However, the extent to which neuropsychological measures are associated with or predictive of real-world social behavior is unclear. METHODS: The study investigated 66 children (ASD 34, typically developing (TD) 32) using neuropsychological measures of face processing (identity, affect, and memory). Children also participated in a peer interaction paradigm, which allowed observation and coding of natural social interaction behaviors during play with peers (e.g., Self-Play, Cooperative Play, Verbal Bout). ANCOVA, regression, and correlation models analyzed between-group differences, the ability of neuropsychological measures to predict social behavior, and the strength of the associations. RESULTS: Between-group differences were shown on Memory for Faces Delayed and the peer interaction variables Self-Play and Verbal Bout. Regression models indicated that Memory for Faces Delayed predicted the amount of Self-Play, Equipment use alone, and Cooperative Play with peers on the playground. Autism symptomology only predicted verbal exchange with peers. CONCLUSIONS: Face memory strongly predicts relevant social engagement patterns in both children with and without ASD. Impairment in facial memory is associated with reduced 'real-world' social interaction and more self-play, whereas higher performance in face memory predicts more cooperative play. Results highlight the strong connection between face memory and reciprocal social interaction, suggesting that improvement in one may benefit the other. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1866-1955-6-35 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=346 [article] Examining the relationship between face processing and social interaction behavior in children with and without autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / B. A. CORBETT, Auteur ; C. NEWSOM, Auteur ; A. P. KEY, Auteur ; L. R. QUALLS, Auteur ; E. K. EDMISTON, Auteur . - p.35. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 6-1 (December 2014) . - p.35 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Ecological validity  Face memory  Neuropsychology  Play Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show impairment in reciprocal social communication, which includes deficits in social cognition and behavior. Since social cognition and social behavior are considered to be interdependent, it is valuable to examine social processes on multiple levels of analysis. Neuropsychological measures of face processing often reveal deficits in social cognition in ASD including the ability to identify and remember facial information. However, the extent to which neuropsychological measures are associated with or predictive of real-world social behavior is unclear. METHODS: The study investigated 66 children (ASD 34, typically developing (TD) 32) using neuropsychological measures of face processing (identity, affect, and memory). Children also participated in a peer interaction paradigm, which allowed observation and coding of natural social interaction behaviors during play with peers (e.g., Self-Play, Cooperative Play, Verbal Bout). ANCOVA, regression, and correlation models analyzed between-group differences, the ability of neuropsychological measures to predict social behavior, and the strength of the associations. RESULTS: Between-group differences were shown on Memory for Faces Delayed and the peer interaction variables Self-Play and Verbal Bout. Regression models indicated that Memory for Faces Delayed predicted the amount of Self-Play, Equipment use alone, and Cooperative Play with peers on the playground. Autism symptomology only predicted verbal exchange with peers. CONCLUSIONS: Face memory strongly predicts relevant social engagement patterns in both children with and without ASD. Impairment in facial memory is associated with reduced 'real-world' social interaction and more self-play, whereas higher performance in face memory predicts more cooperative play. Results highlight the strong connection between face memory and reciprocal social interaction, suggesting that improvement in one may benefit the other. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1866-1955-6-35 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=346

Social and emotional processing in Prader-Willi syndrome: genetic subtype differences / A. P. KEY in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 5-1 (December 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 5-1 (December 2013) . - p.7 Titre : Social and emotional processing in Prader-Willi syndrome: genetic subtype differences Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : A. P. KEY, Auteur ; D. JONES, Auteur ; E. M. DYKENS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.7 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: People with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) demonstrate social dysfunction and increased risk of autism spectrum disorder, especially those with the maternal uniparental disomy (mUPD) versus paternal deletion genetic subtype. This study compared the neural processing of social (faces) and nonsocial stimuli, varying in emotional valence, across genetic subtypes in 24 adolescents and adults with PWS. METHODS: Upright and inverted faces, and nonsocial objects with positive and negative emotional valence were presented to participants with PWS in an oddball paradigm with smiling faces serving as targets. Behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) data were recorded. RESULTS: There were no genetic subtype group differences in accuracy, and all participants performed above chance level. ERP responses revealed genetic subtype differences in face versus object processing. In those with deletions, the face-specific posterior N170 response varied in size for face stimuli versus inverted faces versus nonsocial objects. Persons with mUPD generated N170 of smaller amplitude and showed no stimulus differentiation. Brain responses to emotional content did not vary by subtype. All participants elicited larger posterior and anterior late positive potential responses to positive objects than to negative objects. Emotion-related differences in response to faces were limited to inverted faces only in the form of larger anterior late positive potential amplitudes to negative emotions over the right hemisphere. Detection of the target smiling faces was evident in the increased amplitude of the frontal and central P3 responses but only for inverted smiling faces. CONCLUSION: Persons with the mUPD subtype of PWS may show atypical face versus object processes, yet both subtypes demonstrated potentially altered processing, attention to and/or recognition of faces and their expressions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1866-1955-5-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=345 [article] Social and emotional processing in Prader-Willi syndrome: genetic subtype differences [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / A. P. KEY, Auteur ; D. JONES, Auteur ; E. M. DYKENS, Auteur . - p.7. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 5-1 (December 2013) . - p.7 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: People with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) demonstrate social dysfunction and increased risk of autism spectrum disorder, especially those with the maternal uniparental disomy (mUPD) versus paternal deletion genetic subtype. This study compared the neural processing of social (faces) and nonsocial stimuli, varying in emotional valence, across genetic subtypes in 24 adolescents and adults with PWS. METHODS: Upright and inverted faces, and nonsocial objects with positive and negative emotional valence were presented to participants with PWS in an oddball paradigm with smiling faces serving as targets. Behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) data were recorded. RESULTS: There were no genetic subtype group differences in accuracy, and all participants performed above chance level. ERP responses revealed genetic subtype differences in face versus object processing. In those with deletions, the face-specific posterior N170 response varied in size for face stimuli versus inverted faces versus nonsocial objects. Persons with mUPD generated N170 of smaller amplitude and showed no stimulus differentiation. Brain responses to emotional content did not vary by subtype. All participants elicited larger posterior and anterior late positive potential responses to positive objects than to negative objects. Emotion-related differences in response to faces were limited to inverted faces only in the form of larger anterior late positive potential amplitudes to negative emotions over the right hemisphere. Detection of the target smiling faces was evident in the increased amplitude of the frontal and central P3 responses but only for inverted smiling faces. CONCLUSION: Persons with the mUPD subtype of PWS may show atypical face versus object processes, yet both subtypes demonstrated potentially altered processing, attention to and/or recognition of faces and their expressions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1866-1955-5-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=345

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