Avoidance of shunt dependency in hydrocephalus / Fred J. EPSTEIN in Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, S35 (December 1975)

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopmental Medicine & Child Neurology > S35 (December 1975) . - p.71-77 Titre : Avoidance of shunt dependency in hydrocephalus Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Fred J. EPSTEIN, Auteur ; Gerald M. HOCHWALD, Auteur ; Alvin WALD, Auteur ; Joseph RANSOHOFF, Auteur Année de publication : 1975 Article en page(s) : p.71-77 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : An approach to the treatment of neonatal hydrocephalus is proposed which is intended to reduce or eliminate shunt dependency by increasing the effectiveness of remaining pathways of absorption of cerebrospinal fluid. In suitable cases, intermittent cranial compression by means of an elastic bandage or a helmet with an inflatable inner-lining may be effective. Hydrocephalus was arrested in nine of 14 children treated with this method, eight of whom have developed normally. When cranial compression is contra-indicated or not successful, the preferred method of treatment is an 'on-off' type of valve which is used intermittently to drain a fixed volume of cerebrospinal fluid. Of 18 children who had such shunts inserted, 10 have become totally independent of their shunts and their hydrocephalus has become compensated. All are of normal intelligence. Subtemporal craniectomy was performed on seven shunt-dependent children with recurrent catheter obstruction. Four have been followed for six months and three for two years and in no case has there been further malfunction of the proximal catheter. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 [article] Avoidance of shunt dependency in hydrocephalus [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Fred J. EPSTEIN, Auteur ; Gerald M. HOCHWALD, Auteur ; Alvin WALD, Auteur ; Joseph RANSOHOFF, Auteur . - 1975 . - p.71-77. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology > S35 (December 1975) . - p.71-77 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : An approach to the treatment of neonatal hydrocephalus is proposed which is intended to reduce or eliminate shunt dependency by increasing the effectiveness of remaining pathways of absorption of cerebrospinal fluid. In suitable cases, intermittent cranial compression by means of an elastic bandage or a helmet with an inflatable inner-lining may be effective. Hydrocephalus was arrested in nine of 14 children treated with this method, eight of whom have developed normally. When cranial compression is contra-indicated or not successful, the preferred method of treatment is an 'on-off' type of valve which is used intermittently to drain a fixed volume of cerebrospinal fluid. Of 18 children who had such shunts inserted, 10 have become totally independent of their shunts and their hydrocephalus has become compensated. All are of normal intelligence. Subtemporal craniectomy was performed on seven shunt-dependent children with recurrent catheter obstruction. Four have been followed for six months and three for two years and in no case has there been further malfunction of the proximal catheter. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450

Changes in regional blood-flow and water content of brain and spinal cord in acute and chronic experimental hydrocephalus / Gerald M. HOCHWALD in Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, S35 (December 1975)

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopmental Medicine & Child Neurology > S35 (December 1975) . - p.42-50 Titre : Changes in regional blood-flow and water content of brain and spinal cord in acute and chronic experimental hydrocephalus Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Gerald M. HOCHWALD, Auteur ; R. D. BOAL, Auteur ; A. E. MARLIN, Auteur ; A. J. KUMAR, Auteur Année de publication : 1975 Article en page(s) : p.42-50 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The effects of kaolin-induced hydrocephalus on regional blood-flow and water content of cat brain and spinal cord were measured. The role of the central canal of the spinal cord as an alternative pathway for cerebrospinal fluid in experimental hydrocephalus was also studied by positive contrast ventriculography. In comparison with normal cats, blood-flow in the cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem of cats with acute hydrocephalus was reduced by more than 20 per cent: in those with chronic hydrocephalus it was reduced by only 12 per cent. There was an absolute increase of 1-5 per cent in water content of the brain in cats with acute hydrocephalus. Water content in the spinal cord was increased by 6 per cent in cats with acute hydrocephalus and by 8 per cent in those with chronic hydrocephalus. When the increased water-content was taken into account, hydrocephalus caused no significant change in blood-flow in the cervical, thoracic or lumbar spinal cord. Contrast material perfused through the ventricles of hydrocephalic cats flowed directly into the enlarged central canal of the spinal cord. Kaolin-induced arachnoiditis completely obstructed communication between the ventricles and the cranial subarachnoid space. The contrast material in the central canal communicated both with the cavities extending into the dorsal columns and with the spinal subarachnoid space. When kaolin was injected directly into the spinal subarachnoid space there was an increase in spinal water-content, without an enlarged central canal. These results suggest that in addition to kaolin-induced arachnoiditis, increased intraluminal pressure is necessary to enlarge the central canal. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 [article] Changes in regional blood-flow and water content of brain and spinal cord in acute and chronic experimental hydrocephalus [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Gerald M. HOCHWALD, Auteur ; R. D. BOAL, Auteur ; A. E. MARLIN, Auteur ; A. J. KUMAR, Auteur . - 1975 . - p.42-50. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology > S35 (December 1975) . - p.42-50 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The effects of kaolin-induced hydrocephalus on regional blood-flow and water content of cat brain and spinal cord were measured. The role of the central canal of the spinal cord as an alternative pathway for cerebrospinal fluid in experimental hydrocephalus was also studied by positive contrast ventriculography. In comparison with normal cats, blood-flow in the cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem of cats with acute hydrocephalus was reduced by more than 20 per cent: in those with chronic hydrocephalus it was reduced by only 12 per cent. There was an absolute increase of 1-5 per cent in water content of the brain in cats with acute hydrocephalus. Water content in the spinal cord was increased by 6 per cent in cats with acute hydrocephalus and by 8 per cent in those with chronic hydrocephalus. When the increased water-content was taken into account, hydrocephalus caused no significant change in blood-flow in the cervical, thoracic or lumbar spinal cord. Contrast material perfused through the ventricles of hydrocephalic cats flowed directly into the enlarged central canal of the spinal cord. Kaolin-induced arachnoiditis completely obstructed communication between the ventricles and the cranial subarachnoid space. The contrast material in the central canal communicated both with the cavities extending into the dorsal columns and with the spinal subarachnoid space. When kaolin was injected directly into the spinal subarachnoid space there was an increase in spinal water-content, without an enlarged central canal. These results suggest that in addition to kaolin-induced arachnoiditis, increased intraluminal pressure is necessary to enlarge the central canal. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450

Reconstitution of the cerebral cortical mantle in shunt-corrected hydrocephalus / Robert C. RUBIN in Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, S35 (December 1975)

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopmental Medicine & Child Neurology > S35 (December 1975) . - p.151-156 Titre : Reconstitution of the cerebral cortical mantle in shunt-corrected hydrocephalus Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Robert C. RUBIN, Auteur ; Gerald M. HOCHWALD, Auteur ; Fred J. EPSTEIN, Auteur ; Melvin TIELL, Auteur ; Bolek LIWNICZ, Auteur Année de publication : 1975 Article en page(s) : p.151-156 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The purpose of this study was to ascertain the sequence of events and the cellular constituents involved in reconstituting the cortical mantle after ventricular shunting. The subjects were severely hydrocephalic adult cats. After insertion of a shunt, the ventricular system rapidly returned to normal size and there was gross reconstitution of the cortical mantle. However, there still remained in the cortical mantle many of the histological changes seen before insertion of the shunt. The effect of hydrocephalus is mainly upon axons in the periventricular white matter. The axons become stretched and finally disrupted, resulting in disintegration of the surrounding myelin. In the absence of axons, remyelination cannot take place. It would seem, therefore, that prompt reversal of hydrocephalus is necessary in order to preserve the anatomical and functional integrity of the brain. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=451 [article] Reconstitution of the cerebral cortical mantle in shunt-corrected hydrocephalus [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Robert C. RUBIN, Auteur ; Gerald M. HOCHWALD, Auteur ; Fred J. EPSTEIN, Auteur ; Melvin TIELL, Auteur ; Bolek LIWNICZ, Auteur . - 1975 . - p.151-156. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology > S35 (December 1975) . - p.151-156 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The purpose of this study was to ascertain the sequence of events and the cellular constituents involved in reconstituting the cortical mantle after ventricular shunting. The subjects were severely hydrocephalic adult cats. After insertion of a shunt, the ventricular system rapidly returned to normal size and there was gross reconstitution of the cortical mantle. However, there still remained in the cortical mantle many of the histological changes seen before insertion of the shunt. The effect of hydrocephalus is mainly upon axons in the periventricular white matter. The axons become stretched and finally disrupted, resulting in disintegration of the surrounding myelin. In the absence of axons, remyelination cannot take place. It would seem, therefore, that prompt reversal of hydrocephalus is necessary in order to preserve the anatomical and functional integrity of the brain. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=451

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