Deep Neural Network Reveals the World of Autism From a First-Person Perspective / Mindi RUAN in Autism Research, 14-2 (February 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-2 (February 2021) . - p.333-342 Titre : Deep Neural Network Reveals the World of Autism From a First-Person Perspective Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Mindi RUAN, Auteur ; Paula J. WEBSTER, Auteur ; Xin LI, Auteur ; Shuo WANG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.333-342 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : artificial intelligence  attention  autism spectrum disorder  deep neural network  faces  photos  saliency Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show atypical attention to social stimuli and aberrant gaze when viewing images of the physical world. However, it is unknown how they perceive the world from a first-person perspective. In this study, we used machine learning to classify photos taken in three different categories (people, indoors, and outdoors) as either having been taken by individuals with ASD or by peers without ASD. Our classifier effectively discriminated photos from all three categories, but was particularly successful at classifying photos of people with >80% accuracy. Importantly, visualization of our model revealed critical features that led to successful discrimination and showed that our model adopted a strategy similar to that of ASD experts. Furthermore, for the first time we showed that photos taken by individuals with ASD contained less salient objects, especially in the central visual field. Notably, our model outperformed classification of these photos by ASD experts. Together, we demonstrate an effective and novel method that is capable of discerning photos taken by individuals with ASD and revealing aberrant visual attention in ASD from a unique first-person perspective. Our method may in turn provide an objective measure for evaluations of individuals with ASD. LAY SUMMARY: People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) demonstrate atypical visual attention to social stimuli. However, it remains largely unclear how they perceive the world from a first-person perspective. In this study, we employed a deep learning approach to analyze a unique dataset of photos taken by people with and without ASD. Our computer modeling was not only able to discern which photos were taken by individuals with ASD, outperforming ASD experts, but importantly, it revealed critical features that led to successful discrimination, revealing aspects of atypical visual attention in ASD from their first-person perspective. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2376 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 [article] Deep Neural Network Reveals the World of Autism From a First-Person Perspective [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Mindi RUAN, Auteur ; Paula J. WEBSTER, Auteur ; Xin LI, Auteur ; Shuo WANG, Auteur . - p.333-342. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-2 (February 2021) . - p.333-342 Mots-clés : artificial intelligence  attention  autism spectrum disorder  deep neural network  faces  photos  saliency Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show atypical attention to social stimuli and aberrant gaze when viewing images of the physical world. However, it is unknown how they perceive the world from a first-person perspective. In this study, we used machine learning to classify photos taken in three different categories (people, indoors, and outdoors) as either having been taken by individuals with ASD or by peers without ASD. Our classifier effectively discriminated photos from all three categories, but was particularly successful at classifying photos of people with >80% accuracy. Importantly, visualization of our model revealed critical features that led to successful discrimination and showed that our model adopted a strategy similar to that of ASD experts. Furthermore, for the first time we showed that photos taken by individuals with ASD contained less salient objects, especially in the central visual field. Notably, our model outperformed classification of these photos by ASD experts. Together, we demonstrate an effective and novel method that is capable of discerning photos taken by individuals with ASD and revealing aberrant visual attention in ASD from a unique first-person perspective. Our method may in turn provide an objective measure for evaluations of individuals with ASD. LAY SUMMARY: People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) demonstrate atypical visual attention to social stimuli. However, it remains largely unclear how they perceive the world from a first-person perspective. In this study, we employed a deep learning approach to analyze a unique dataset of photos taken by people with and without ASD. Our computer modeling was not only able to discern which photos were taken by individuals with ASD, outperforming ASD experts, but importantly, it revealed critical features that led to successful discrimination, revealing aspects of atypical visual attention in ASD from their first-person perspective. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2376 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441

Processing of Real-World, Dynamic Natural Stimuli in Autism is Linked to Corticobasal Function / Paula J. WEBSTER in Autism Research, 13-4 (April 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-4 (April 2020) . - p.539-549 Titre : Processing of Real-World, Dynamic Natural Stimuli in Autism is Linked to Corticobasal Function Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Paula J. WEBSTER, Auteur ; Chris FRUM, Auteur ; Amy KUROWSKI-BURT, Auteur ; Christopher E. BAUER, Auteur ; Sijin WEN, Auteur ; Jad H. RAMADAN, Auteur ; Kathryn A. BAKER, Auteur ; James W. LEWIS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.539-549 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  biological motion  globus pallidus  hypoactivation  intraparietal sulcus  lentiform nucleus  magnetic resonance imaging  putamen Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Many individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been shown to perceive everyday sensory information differently compared to peers without autism. Research examining these sensory differences has primarily utilized nonnatural stimuli or natural stimuli using static photos with few having utilized dynamic, real-world nonverbal stimuli. Therefore, in this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to characterize brain activation of individuals with high-functioning autism when viewing and listening to a video of a real-world scene (a person bouncing a ball) and anticipating the bounce. We investigated both multisensory and unisensory processing and hypothesized that individuals with ASD would show differential activation in (a) primary auditory and visual sensory cortical and association areas, and in (b) cortical and subcortical regions where auditory and visual information is integrated (e.g. temporal-parietal junction, pulvinar, superior colliculus). Contrary to our hypotheses, the whole-brain analysis revealed similar activation between the groups in these brain regions. However, compared to controls the ASD group showed significant hypoactivation in the left intraparietal sulcus and left putamen/globus pallidus. We theorize that this hypoactivation reflected underconnectivity for mediating spatiotemporal processing of the visual biological motion stimuli with the task demands of anticipating the timing of the bounce event. The paradigm thus may have tapped into a specific left-lateralized aberrant corticobasal circuit or loop involved in initiating or inhibiting motor responses. This was consistent with a dual "when versus where" psychophysical model of corticobasal function, which may reflect core differences in sensory processing of real-world, nonverbal natural stimuli in ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 539-549. (c) 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: To understand how individuals with autism perceive the real-world, using magnetic resonance imaging we examined brain activation in individuals with autism while watching a video of someone bouncing a basketball. Those with autism had similar activation to controls in auditory and visual sensory brain regions, but less activation in an area that processes information about body movements and in a region involved in modulating movements. These areas are important for understanding the actions of others and developing social skills. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2250 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=421 [article] Processing of Real-World, Dynamic Natural Stimuli in Autism is Linked to Corticobasal Function [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Paula J. WEBSTER, Auteur ; Chris FRUM, Auteur ; Amy KUROWSKI-BURT, Auteur ; Christopher E. BAUER, Auteur ; Sijin WEN, Auteur ; Jad H. RAMADAN, Auteur ; Kathryn A. BAKER, Auteur ; James W. LEWIS, Auteur . - p.539-549. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-4 (April 2020) . - p.539-549 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  biological motion  globus pallidus  hypoactivation  intraparietal sulcus  lentiform nucleus  magnetic resonance imaging  putamen Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Many individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been shown to perceive everyday sensory information differently compared to peers without autism. Research examining these sensory differences has primarily utilized nonnatural stimuli or natural stimuli using static photos with few having utilized dynamic, real-world nonverbal stimuli. Therefore, in this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to characterize brain activation of individuals with high-functioning autism when viewing and listening to a video of a real-world scene (a person bouncing a ball) and anticipating the bounce. We investigated both multisensory and unisensory processing and hypothesized that individuals with ASD would show differential activation in (a) primary auditory and visual sensory cortical and association areas, and in (b) cortical and subcortical regions where auditory and visual information is integrated (e.g. temporal-parietal junction, pulvinar, superior colliculus). Contrary to our hypotheses, the whole-brain analysis revealed similar activation between the groups in these brain regions. However, compared to controls the ASD group showed significant hypoactivation in the left intraparietal sulcus and left putamen/globus pallidus. We theorize that this hypoactivation reflected underconnectivity for mediating spatiotemporal processing of the visual biological motion stimuli with the task demands of anticipating the timing of the bounce event. The paradigm thus may have tapped into a specific left-lateralized aberrant corticobasal circuit or loop involved in initiating or inhibiting motor responses. This was consistent with a dual "when versus where" psychophysical model of corticobasal function, which may reflect core differences in sensory processing of real-world, nonverbal natural stimuli in ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 539-549. (c) 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: To understand how individuals with autism perceive the real-world, using magnetic resonance imaging we examined brain activation in individuals with autism while watching a video of someone bouncing a basketball. Those with autism had similar activation to controls in auditory and visual sensory brain regions, but less activation in an area that processes information about body movements and in a region involved in modulating movements. These areas are important for understanding the actions of others and developing social skills. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2250 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=421

Reduced Pupil Oscillation During Facial Emotion Judgment in People with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Sai SUN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 53-5 (May 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 53-5 (May 2023) . - p.1963-1973 Titre : Reduced Pupil Oscillation During Facial Emotion Judgment in People with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sai SUN, Auteur ; Paula J. WEBSTER, Auteur ; Yu WANG, Auteur ; Hongbo YU, Auteur ; Rongjun YU, Auteur ; Shuo WANG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1963-1973 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show abnormal face perception and emotion recognition. However, it remains largely unknown whether these differences are associated with abnormal physiological responses when viewing faces. In this study, we employed a sensitive emotion judgment task and conducted a detailed investigation of pupil dilation/constriction and oscillation in high-functioning adult participants with ASD and matched controls. We found that participants with ASD showed normal pupil constriction to faces; however, they demonstrated reduced pupil oscillation, which was independent of stimulus properties and participants' perception of the emotion. Together, our results have revealed an abnormal physiological response to faces in people with ASD, which may in turn be associated with impaired face perception previously found in many studies. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-022-05478-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=501 [article] Reduced Pupil Oscillation During Facial Emotion Judgment in People with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sai SUN, Auteur ; Paula J. WEBSTER, Auteur ; Yu WANG, Auteur ; Hongbo YU, Auteur ; Rongjun YU, Auteur ; Shuo WANG, Auteur . - p.1963-1973. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 53-5 (May 2023) . - p.1963-1973 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show abnormal face perception and emotion recognition. However, it remains largely unknown whether these differences are associated with abnormal physiological responses when viewing faces. In this study, we employed a sensitive emotion judgment task and conducted a detailed investigation of pupil dilation/constriction and oscillation in high-functioning adult participants with ASD and matched controls. We found that participants with ASD showed normal pupil constriction to faces; however, they demonstrated reduced pupil oscillation, which was independent of stimulus properties and participants' perception of the emotion. Together, our results have revealed an abnormal physiological response to faces in people with ASD, which may in turn be associated with impaired face perception previously found in many studies. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-022-05478-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=501

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