Dépouillements

Big Data. Big Problem? / Clare HARROP in Autism Research, 14-2 (February 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-2 (February 2021) . - p.238-239 Titre : Big Data. Big Problem? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Clare HARROP, Auteur ; Aaron R. DALLMAN, Auteur ; Brian A. BOYD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.238-239 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2465 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 [article] Big Data. Big Problem? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Clare HARROP, Auteur ; Aaron R. DALLMAN, Auteur ; Brian A. BOYD, Auteur . - p.238-239. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-2 (February 2021) . - p.238-239 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2465 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441

Adaptive and Maladaptive Bodily Awareness: Distinguishing Interoceptive Sensibility and Interoceptive Attention from Anxiety-Induced Somatization in Autism and Alexithymia / Dominic A. TREVISAN in Autism Research, 14-2 (February 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-2 (February 2021) . - p.240-247 Titre : Adaptive and Maladaptive Bodily Awareness: Distinguishing Interoceptive Sensibility and Interoceptive Attention from Anxiety-Induced Somatization in Autism and Alexithymia Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Dominic A. TREVISAN, Auteur ; Wolf E. MEHLING, Auteur ; James C. MCPARTLAND, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.240-247 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : alexithymia  anxiety  autism spectrum disorder  bodily awareness  interoception  somatization Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is growing interest in "interoception" (i.e., detection and interpretation of internal body signals) as a relevant mechanism contributing to certain symptoms and features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and alexithymia. However, inconsistent measurement and operationalization of interoception has led to confusion and inconsistent findings in the literature. In this commentary, we present alternative interpretations of findings from existing studies to demonstrate that ASD and alexithymia are conditions associated with reduced adaptive forms of interoceptive attention (i.e., attention toward bodily signals) but heightened maladaptive forms of interoceptive attention related to anxiety-induced somatization. Differentiating adaptive and maladaptive forms of interoceptive attention reveals a clearer pattern of findings in the research literature for further investigation of interoceptive processes that are involved in the neurobiology of ASD. However, interoception is a complex and multi-faceted construct that requires continual refinement in conceptualization and operationalization. Interoception research may benefit from self-report measures that clearly differentiate adaptive and maladaptive forms of bodily awareness. LAY SUMMARY: Some research suggests that autistic people have difficulty understanding bodily feelings such as hunger, illness, or emotions, whereas some studies have reported the opposite pattern of findings. We argue that this latter subset of studies reached false conclusions from using measures of bodily awareness that largely measure physical symptoms of anxiety. While attention to unpleasant bodily signals is an important ability necessary for maintaining healthy bodily functioning, excessive attention, and worry toward bodily signals can increase anxiety and be harmful. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2458 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 [article] Adaptive and Maladaptive Bodily Awareness: Distinguishing Interoceptive Sensibility and Interoceptive Attention from Anxiety-Induced Somatization in Autism and Alexithymia [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Dominic A. TREVISAN, Auteur ; Wolf E. MEHLING, Auteur ; James C. MCPARTLAND, Auteur . - p.240-247. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-2 (February 2021) . - p.240-247 Mots-clés : alexithymia  anxiety  autism spectrum disorder  bodily awareness  interoception  somatization Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is growing interest in "interoception" (i.e., detection and interpretation of internal body signals) as a relevant mechanism contributing to certain symptoms and features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and alexithymia. However, inconsistent measurement and operationalization of interoception has led to confusion and inconsistent findings in the literature. In this commentary, we present alternative interpretations of findings from existing studies to demonstrate that ASD and alexithymia are conditions associated with reduced adaptive forms of interoceptive attention (i.e., attention toward bodily signals) but heightened maladaptive forms of interoceptive attention related to anxiety-induced somatization. Differentiating adaptive and maladaptive forms of interoceptive attention reveals a clearer pattern of findings in the research literature for further investigation of interoceptive processes that are involved in the neurobiology of ASD. However, interoception is a complex and multi-faceted construct that requires continual refinement in conceptualization and operationalization. Interoception research may benefit from self-report measures that clearly differentiate adaptive and maladaptive forms of bodily awareness. LAY SUMMARY: Some research suggests that autistic people have difficulty understanding bodily feelings such as hunger, illness, or emotions, whereas some studies have reported the opposite pattern of findings. We argue that this latter subset of studies reached false conclusions from using measures of bodily awareness that largely measure physical symptoms of anxiety. While attention to unpleasant bodily signals is an important ability necessary for maintaining healthy bodily functioning, excessive attention, and worry toward bodily signals can increase anxiety and be harmful. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2458 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441

Atypical Inter-Network Deactivation Associated With the Posterior Default-Mode Network in Autism Spectrum Disorder / Aija KOTILA in Autism Research, 14-2 (February 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-2 (February 2021) . - p.248-264 Titre : Atypical Inter-Network Deactivation Associated With the Posterior Default-Mode Network in Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Aija KOTILA, Auteur ; Matti JÄRVELÄ, Auteur ; Vesa KORHONEN, Auteur ; Soile LOUKUSA, Auteur ; Tuula HURTIG, Auteur ; Hanna EBELING, Auteur ; Vesa KIVINIEMI, Auteur ; Ville RAATIKAINEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.248-264 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Asd  Mreg  brain network  default-mode network  dynamic lag analysis  resting-state fMRI Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous studies have suggested that atypical deactivation of functional brain networks contributes to the complex cognitive and behavioral profile associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, these studies have not considered the temporal dynamics of deactivation mechanisms between the networks. In this study, we examined (a) mutual deactivation and (b) mutual activation-deactivation (i.e., anticorrelated) time-lag patterns between resting-state networks (RSNs) in young adults with ASD (n = 20) and controls (n = 20) by applying the recently defined dynamic lag analysis (DLA) method, which measures time-lag variations peak-by-peak between the networks. In order to achieve temporally accurate lag patterns, the brain imaging data was acquired with a fast functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) sequence (TR = 100?ms). Group-level independent component analysis was used to identify 16 RSNs for the DLA. We found altered mutual deactivation timings in ASD in (a) three of the deactivated and (b) two of the transiently anticorrelated (activated-deactivated) RSN pairs, which survived the strict threshold for significance of surrogate data. Of the significant RSN pairs, 80% included the posterior default-mode network (DMN). We propose that temporally altered deactivation mechanisms, including timings and directionality, between the posterior DMN and RSNs mediating processing of socially relevant information may contribute to the ASD phenotype. LAY SUMMARY: To understand autistic traits on a neural level, we examined temporal fluctuations in information flow between brain regions in young adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and controls. We used a fast neuroimaging procedure to investigate deactivation mechanisms between brain regions. We found that timings and directionality of communication between certain brain regions were temporally altered in ASD, suggesting atypical deactivation mechanisms associated with the posterior default-mode network. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2433 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 [article] Atypical Inter-Network Deactivation Associated With the Posterior Default-Mode Network in Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Aija KOTILA, Auteur ; Matti JÄRVELÄ, Auteur ; Vesa KORHONEN, Auteur ; Soile LOUKUSA, Auteur ; Tuula HURTIG, Auteur ; Hanna EBELING, Auteur ; Vesa KIVINIEMI, Auteur ; Ville RAATIKAINEN, Auteur . - p.248-264. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-2 (February 2021) . - p.248-264 Mots-clés : Asd  Mreg  brain network  default-mode network  dynamic lag analysis  resting-state fMRI Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous studies have suggested that atypical deactivation of functional brain networks contributes to the complex cognitive and behavioral profile associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, these studies have not considered the temporal dynamics of deactivation mechanisms between the networks. In this study, we examined (a) mutual deactivation and (b) mutual activation-deactivation (i.e., anticorrelated) time-lag patterns between resting-state networks (RSNs) in young adults with ASD (n = 20) and controls (n = 20) by applying the recently defined dynamic lag analysis (DLA) method, which measures time-lag variations peak-by-peak between the networks. In order to achieve temporally accurate lag patterns, the brain imaging data was acquired with a fast functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) sequence (TR = 100?ms). Group-level independent component analysis was used to identify 16 RSNs for the DLA. We found altered mutual deactivation timings in ASD in (a) three of the deactivated and (b) two of the transiently anticorrelated (activated-deactivated) RSN pairs, which survived the strict threshold for significance of surrogate data. Of the significant RSN pairs, 80% included the posterior default-mode network (DMN). We propose that temporally altered deactivation mechanisms, including timings and directionality, between the posterior DMN and RSNs mediating processing of socially relevant information may contribute to the ASD phenotype. LAY SUMMARY: To understand autistic traits on a neural level, we examined temporal fluctuations in information flow between brain regions in young adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and controls. We used a fast neuroimaging procedure to investigate deactivation mechanisms between brain regions. We found that timings and directionality of communication between certain brain regions were temporally altered in ASD, suggesting atypical deactivation mechanisms associated with the posterior default-mode network. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2433 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441

Differences in Brain Structural Covariance Network Characteristics in Children and Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder / Suping CAI in Autism Research, 14-2 (February 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-2 (February 2021) . - p.265-275 Titre : Differences in Brain Structural Covariance Network Characteristics in Children and Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Suping CAI, Auteur ; Xuwen WANG, Auteur ; Fan YANG, Auteur ; Dihui CHEN, Auteur ; Liyu HUANG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.265-275 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  brain development  graph theoretical analysis  sliding window analysis  structural magnetic resonance neuroimaging  structure covariance network Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Systematically describing the structural topological configuration of human brain during development is an essential task. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) represents a powerful challenge for psychiatry and neuroscience researchers. In this study, we investigated variations in the structural covariance network properties of 441 patients with ASD ranging in age from 7 to 45?years and in 426 age-matched healthy controls (HCs) using structural magnetic resonance neuroimaging from the ABIDE database. We applied a sliding window approach to study topological variation during development using comprehensive graph theoretical analysis. The main findings are as follows: (1) Cross-sectional trajectories of the network characteristics exhibited inverted U-shapes in both HCs and participants with ASD, with the latter exhibiting a 7-year delay in reaching the maximum value, (2) network resilience to targeted attacks peaked at 18' and 19' in the HCs and at 25' in the participants with ASD, and the weakest resilience occurred at age 7', (3) the HCs and participants with ASD exhibited normalized mean degree differences in the right amygdala, and (4) significant differences in the network characteristics were observed in the 18' age group at most of the densities analyzed. We used cross-sectional analysis to infer distinct neurodevelopmental trajectories in ASD in the brain structural connectome. Our findings are consistent with the notion that adolescence is a sensitive period of brain development with strong potential for brain plasticity, offering opportunities for environmental adaptation and social integration and for increasing vulnerability. ASD may be a product of susceptibility. LAY SUMMARY: We used cross-sectional analysis to preliminarily infer distinct neurodevelopmental trajectories in ASD in the brain structural connectome. The main findings are as follows: (1) Cross-sectional trajectories of the network characteristics exhibited inverted U-shapes in both HCs and participants with ASD, with the latter exhibiting a 7-year delay in reaching the maximum value, (2) Network resilience to targeted attacks peaked at 18' and 19' in the HCs and at 25' in the participants with ASD, and the weakest resilience occurred at age 7', (3) The HCs and participants with ASD exhibited normalized mean degree differences in the right amygdala, and (4) significant differences in the network characteristics were observed in the 18' age group at most of the densities analyzed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2464 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 [article] Differences in Brain Structural Covariance Network Characteristics in Children and Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Suping CAI, Auteur ; Xuwen WANG, Auteur ; Fan YANG, Auteur ; Dihui CHEN, Auteur ; Liyu HUANG, Auteur . - p.265-275. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-2 (February 2021) . - p.265-275 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  brain development  graph theoretical analysis  sliding window analysis  structural magnetic resonance neuroimaging  structure covariance network Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Systematically describing the structural topological configuration of human brain during development is an essential task. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) represents a powerful challenge for psychiatry and neuroscience researchers. In this study, we investigated variations in the structural covariance network properties of 441 patients with ASD ranging in age from 7 to 45?years and in 426 age-matched healthy controls (HCs) using structural magnetic resonance neuroimaging from the ABIDE database. We applied a sliding window approach to study topological variation during development using comprehensive graph theoretical analysis. The main findings are as follows: (1) Cross-sectional trajectories of the network characteristics exhibited inverted U-shapes in both HCs and participants with ASD, with the latter exhibiting a 7-year delay in reaching the maximum value, (2) network resilience to targeted attacks peaked at 18' and 19' in the HCs and at 25' in the participants with ASD, and the weakest resilience occurred at age 7', (3) the HCs and participants with ASD exhibited normalized mean degree differences in the right amygdala, and (4) significant differences in the network characteristics were observed in the 18' age group at most of the densities analyzed. We used cross-sectional analysis to infer distinct neurodevelopmental trajectories in ASD in the brain structural connectome. Our findings are consistent with the notion that adolescence is a sensitive period of brain development with strong potential for brain plasticity, offering opportunities for environmental adaptation and social integration and for increasing vulnerability. ASD may be a product of susceptibility. LAY SUMMARY: We used cross-sectional analysis to preliminarily infer distinct neurodevelopmental trajectories in ASD in the brain structural connectome. The main findings are as follows: (1) Cross-sectional trajectories of the network characteristics exhibited inverted U-shapes in both HCs and participants with ASD, with the latter exhibiting a 7-year delay in reaching the maximum value, (2) Network resilience to targeted attacks peaked at 18' and 19' in the HCs and at 25' in the participants with ASD, and the weakest resilience occurred at age 7', (3) The HCs and participants with ASD exhibited normalized mean degree differences in the right amygdala, and (4) significant differences in the network characteristics were observed in the 18' age group at most of the densities analyzed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2464 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441

Associations between theory of mind and conduct problems in autistic and nonautistic youth / Virginia CARTER LENO in Autism Research, 14-2 (February 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-2 (February 2021) . - p.276-288 Titre : Associations between theory of mind and conduct problems in autistic and nonautistic youth Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Virginia CARTER LENO, Auteur ; Susie CHANDLER, Auteur ; Phillipa WHITE, Auteur ; Isabel YORKE, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; Catherine R. G. JONES, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur ; Gillian BAIRD, Auteur ; Andrew PICKLES, Auteur ; Emily SIMONOFF, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.276-288 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adhd  Quest  Snap  autism  cognition  conduct problems  theory of mind Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Many autistic young people exhibit co-occurring behavior difficulties, characterized by conduct problems and oppositional behavior. However, the causes of these co-occurring difficulties are not well understood. Impairments in theory of mind (ToM) are often reported in autistic individuals and have been linked to conduct problems in nonautistic individuals. Whether an association between ToM ability and conduct problems exists in autistic populations, whether this association is similar between individuals who are autistic versus nonautistic, and whether these associations are specific to conduct problems (as opposed to other domains of psychopathology) remains unclear. ToM ability was assessed using the Frith-Happé Triangles task in a pooled sample of autistic (N = 128; mean age 14.78?years) and nonautistic youth (N = 50; mean age 15.48?years), along with parent-rated psychiatric symptoms of conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention and emotional problems. Analyses tested ToM ability between autistic versus nonautistic participants, and compared associations between ToM performance and conduct problems between the two groups. Where no significant group differences in associations were found, the pooled association between ToM and conduct problems was estimated in the combined sample. Results showed no evidence of moderation in associations by diagnostic status, and an association between poorer ToM ability and higher levels of conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention and emotional problems across the total sample. However, these associations became nonsignificant when adjusting for verbal IQ. Results provide support for theoretical models of co-occurring psychopathology in autistic populations, and suggest targets for intervention for conduct problems in autistic youth. LAY SUMMARY: Many young people with autism spectrum disorder show co-occurring behavior problems, but the causes of these are not well understood. This paper found an association between difficulties recognizing what others think and intend (so-called "theory of mind") in a simple animated task, and emotional and behavioral problems in autistic and nonautistic young people. However, a substantial part of this association was explained by individual differences in verbal ability. These findings may have implications for intervention efforts to improve young people's mental health. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2346 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 [article] Associations between theory of mind and conduct problems in autistic and nonautistic youth [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Virginia CARTER LENO, Auteur ; Susie CHANDLER, Auteur ; Phillipa WHITE, Auteur ; Isabel YORKE, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; Catherine R. G. JONES, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur ; Gillian BAIRD, Auteur ; Andrew PICKLES, Auteur ; Emily SIMONOFF, Auteur . - p.276-288. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-2 (February 2021) . - p.276-288 Mots-clés : Adhd  Quest  Snap  autism  cognition  conduct problems  theory of mind Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Many autistic young people exhibit co-occurring behavior difficulties, characterized by conduct problems and oppositional behavior. However, the causes of these co-occurring difficulties are not well understood. Impairments in theory of mind (ToM) are often reported in autistic individuals and have been linked to conduct problems in nonautistic individuals. Whether an association between ToM ability and conduct problems exists in autistic populations, whether this association is similar between individuals who are autistic versus nonautistic, and whether these associations are specific to conduct problems (as opposed to other domains of psychopathology) remains unclear. ToM ability was assessed using the Frith-Happé Triangles task in a pooled sample of autistic (N = 128; mean age 14.78?years) and nonautistic youth (N = 50; mean age 15.48?years), along with parent-rated psychiatric symptoms of conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention and emotional problems. Analyses tested ToM ability between autistic versus nonautistic participants, and compared associations between ToM performance and conduct problems between the two groups. Where no significant group differences in associations were found, the pooled association between ToM and conduct problems was estimated in the combined sample. Results showed no evidence of moderation in associations by diagnostic status, and an association between poorer ToM ability and higher levels of conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention and emotional problems across the total sample. However, these associations became nonsignificant when adjusting for verbal IQ. Results provide support for theoretical models of co-occurring psychopathology in autistic populations, and suggest targets for intervention for conduct problems in autistic youth. LAY SUMMARY: Many young people with autism spectrum disorder show co-occurring behavior problems, but the causes of these are not well understood. This paper found an association between difficulties recognizing what others think and intend (so-called "theory of mind") in a simple animated task, and emotional and behavioral problems in autistic and nonautistic young people. However, a substantial part of this association was explained by individual differences in verbal ability. These findings may have implications for intervention efforts to improve young people's mental health. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2346 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441

To covet what we see: Autistic traits modulate the relationship between looking and choosing / Nicholas HEDGER in Autism Research, 14-2 (February 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-2 (February 2021) . - p.289-300 Titre : To covet what we see: Autistic traits modulate the relationship between looking and choosing Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Nicholas HEDGER, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.289-300 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : attention  autism  eye tracking  gaze  social attention  temporal modeling Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Behavioral studies indicate that autistic traits predict reduced gaze toward social stimuli. Moreover, experiments that require participants to make an explicit choice between stimuli indicate reduced preferences for social stimuli in individuals with high autistic traits. These observations, in combination, fit with the idea that gaze is actively involved in the formation of choices-gaze toward a stimulus increases the likelihood of its subsequent selection. Although these aspects of gaze and choice behavior have been well characterized separately, it remains unclear how autistic traits affect the relationship between gaze and socially relevant choices. In a choice-based eye-tracking paradigm, we observed that autistic traits predict less frequent and delayed selection of social stimuli. Critically, eye tracking revealed novel phenomena underlying these choice behaviors: first, the relationship between gaze and choice behavior was weaker in individuals with high autistic traits-an increase in gaze to a stimulus was associated with a smaller increase in choice probability. Second, time-series analyses revealed that gaze became predictive of choice behaviors at longer latencies in observers with high autistic traits. This dissociation between gaze and choice in individuals with high autistic traits may reflect wider atypicalities in value coding. Such atypicalities may predict the development of atypical social behaviors associated with the autism phenotype. LAY SUMMARY: When presented with multiple stimuli to choose from, we tend to look more toward the stimuli we later choose. Here, we found that this relationship between looking and choosing was reduced in individuals with high autistic traits. These data indicate that autistic traits may be associated with atypical processing of value, which may contribute to the reduced preferences for social stimuli exhibited by individuals with autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2349 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 [article] To covet what we see: Autistic traits modulate the relationship between looking and choosing [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Nicholas HEDGER, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur . - p.289-300. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-2 (February 2021) . - p.289-300 Mots-clés : attention  autism  eye tracking  gaze  social attention  temporal modeling Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Behavioral studies indicate that autistic traits predict reduced gaze toward social stimuli. Moreover, experiments that require participants to make an explicit choice between stimuli indicate reduced preferences for social stimuli in individuals with high autistic traits. These observations, in combination, fit with the idea that gaze is actively involved in the formation of choices-gaze toward a stimulus increases the likelihood of its subsequent selection. Although these aspects of gaze and choice behavior have been well characterized separately, it remains unclear how autistic traits affect the relationship between gaze and socially relevant choices. In a choice-based eye-tracking paradigm, we observed that autistic traits predict less frequent and delayed selection of social stimuli. Critically, eye tracking revealed novel phenomena underlying these choice behaviors: first, the relationship between gaze and choice behavior was weaker in individuals with high autistic traits-an increase in gaze to a stimulus was associated with a smaller increase in choice probability. Second, time-series analyses revealed that gaze became predictive of choice behaviors at longer latencies in observers with high autistic traits. This dissociation between gaze and choice in individuals with high autistic traits may reflect wider atypicalities in value coding. Such atypicalities may predict the development of atypical social behaviors associated with the autism phenotype. LAY SUMMARY: When presented with multiple stimuli to choose from, we tend to look more toward the stimuli we later choose. Here, we found that this relationship between looking and choosing was reduced in individuals with high autistic traits. These data indicate that autistic traits may be associated with atypical processing of value, which may contribute to the reduced preferences for social stimuli exhibited by individuals with autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2349 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441

Autism Adversely Affects Auditory Joint Engagement During Parent-toddler Interactions / Lauren B. ADAMSON in Autism Research, 14-2 (February 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-2 (February 2021) . - p.301-314 Titre : Autism Adversely Affects Auditory Joint Engagement During Parent-toddler Interactions Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lauren B. ADAMSON, Auteur ; Roger BAKEMAN, Auteur ; Katharine SUMA, Auteur ; Diana L. ROBINS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.301-314 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : auditory  autism spectrum disorder  infants  joint attention  mother-child interaction  speech Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study documents the early adverse effects of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) on auditory joint engagement-the sharing of sounds during interactions. A total of 141 toddlers (49 typically developing [TD], 46 with ASD, and 46 with non-ASD developmental disorders [DD]; average age 22.6 months) were observed during a semi-naturalistic play session with a parent. Reactions to four types of sounds-speech about the child, instrumental music, animal calls, and mechanical noises-were observed before and as parents tried to scaffold joint engagement with the sound. Toddlers with ASD usually appeared aware of a new sound, often alerting to and orienting toward it. But compared to TD toddlers and toddlers with DD, they alerted and oriented less often to speech, a difference not found with the other sounds. Furthermore, toddlers with ASD were far less likely to spontaneously try to share the sound with the parents and to engage with the parent and the sound when parents tried to share it with them. These findings reveal how ASD can have significant effects on shared experiences with nonvisible targets in the environment that attract toddlers' attention. Future studies should address the association between auditory joint engagement difficulties and variations in multimodal joint engagement, sensory profiles, and ASD severity and the reciprocal influence over time of auditory joint engagement experience and language development. LAY SUMMARY: Like most toddlers, toddlers with autism spectrum disorder often alert when they hear sounds like a cat's meow or a train's rumble. But they are less likely to alert when they hear their own name, and they are far less likely to share new sounds with their parents. These findings raise important questions about how toddlers with autism spectrum disorder experience their everyday auditory world, including how they share it with parents who can enrich this experience. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2355 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 [article] Autism Adversely Affects Auditory Joint Engagement During Parent-toddler Interactions [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lauren B. ADAMSON, Auteur ; Roger BAKEMAN, Auteur ; Katharine SUMA, Auteur ; Diana L. ROBINS, Auteur . - p.301-314. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-2 (February 2021) . - p.301-314 Mots-clés : auditory  autism spectrum disorder  infants  joint attention  mother-child interaction  speech Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study documents the early adverse effects of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) on auditory joint engagement-the sharing of sounds during interactions. A total of 141 toddlers (49 typically developing [TD], 46 with ASD, and 46 with non-ASD developmental disorders [DD]; average age 22.6 months) were observed during a semi-naturalistic play session with a parent. Reactions to four types of sounds-speech about the child, instrumental music, animal calls, and mechanical noises-were observed before and as parents tried to scaffold joint engagement with the sound. Toddlers with ASD usually appeared aware of a new sound, often alerting to and orienting toward it. But compared to TD toddlers and toddlers with DD, they alerted and oriented less often to speech, a difference not found with the other sounds. Furthermore, toddlers with ASD were far less likely to spontaneously try to share the sound with the parents and to engage with the parent and the sound when parents tried to share it with them. These findings reveal how ASD can have significant effects on shared experiences with nonvisible targets in the environment that attract toddlers' attention. Future studies should address the association between auditory joint engagement difficulties and variations in multimodal joint engagement, sensory profiles, and ASD severity and the reciprocal influence over time of auditory joint engagement experience and language development. LAY SUMMARY: Like most toddlers, toddlers with autism spectrum disorder often alert when they hear sounds like a cat's meow or a train's rumble. But they are less likely to alert when they hear their own name, and they are far less likely to share new sounds with their parents. These findings raise important questions about how toddlers with autism spectrum disorder experience their everyday auditory world, including how they share it with parents who can enrich this experience. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2355 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441

Relationship Between the Performance of Self-Care and Visual Perception Among Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Typical Developing Children / I-Jou CHI in Autism Research, 14-2 (February 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-2 (February 2021) . - p.315-323 Titre : Relationship Between the Performance of Self-Care and Visual Perception Among Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Typical Developing Children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : I-Jou CHI, Auteur ; Ling-Yi LIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.315-323 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  self-care  visual perception  visual-motor integration  young child Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Studies investigating the performance of self-care and visual perception in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are limited. The relationship between self-care performance and visual perception ability in young children with ASD is not yet clearly understood. Here, self-care performance was evaluated by the caregivers and therapists of children with ASD. The differences in self-care performance and visual perception ability were investigated in 66 children with ASD and 66 typically developing (TD) children between the ages of 48-83?months. The relationships between self-care and visual perception were tested in both two groups. The Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) and the Chinese version of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI-C) were used to assess the children's self-care performance. The Test of Visual Perceptual Skills-Third Edition (TVPS-3) and the Developmental Test of Visual Perception-Third Edition (DTVP-3) were used to evaluate visual perception ability. Young children with ASD obtained significantly lower scores for self-care performance (AMPS and PEDI-C) and visual perception ability (TVPS-3 and DTVP) compared with TD children. Additionally, positive correlations were found between self-care performance and visual perception ability in young children with ASD. The results provide a valuable contribution to our understanding about self-care and visual perception performance of young children with ASD. The findings of this research highlight the need for pediatric practitioners to include self-care and visual-motor integration evaluations for young children with ASD. LAY SUMMARY: Young children with ASD obtained significantly lower scores for self-care performance and visual perception ability compared with TD children. Positive correlations were found between self-care performance and visual perception ability in young children with ASD. The results provide a valuable contribution to our understanding about self-care and visual perception performance of young children with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2367 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 [article] Relationship Between the Performance of Self-Care and Visual Perception Among Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Typical Developing Children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / I-Jou CHI, Auteur ; Ling-Yi LIN, Auteur . - p.315-323. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-2 (February 2021) . - p.315-323 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  self-care  visual perception  visual-motor integration  young child Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Studies investigating the performance of self-care and visual perception in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are limited. The relationship between self-care performance and visual perception ability in young children with ASD is not yet clearly understood. Here, self-care performance was evaluated by the caregivers and therapists of children with ASD. The differences in self-care performance and visual perception ability were investigated in 66 children with ASD and 66 typically developing (TD) children between the ages of 48-83?months. The relationships between self-care and visual perception were tested in both two groups. The Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) and the Chinese version of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI-C) were used to assess the children's self-care performance. The Test of Visual Perceptual Skills-Third Edition (TVPS-3) and the Developmental Test of Visual Perception-Third Edition (DTVP-3) were used to evaluate visual perception ability. Young children with ASD obtained significantly lower scores for self-care performance (AMPS and PEDI-C) and visual perception ability (TVPS-3 and DTVP) compared with TD children. Additionally, positive correlations were found between self-care performance and visual perception ability in young children with ASD. The results provide a valuable contribution to our understanding about self-care and visual perception performance of young children with ASD. The findings of this research highlight the need for pediatric practitioners to include self-care and visual-motor integration evaluations for young children with ASD. LAY SUMMARY: Young children with ASD obtained significantly lower scores for self-care performance and visual perception ability compared with TD children. Positive correlations were found between self-care performance and visual perception ability in young children with ASD. The results provide a valuable contribution to our understanding about self-care and visual perception performance of young children with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2367 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441

Predictors of Changes in Daily Activity in Transition-Age Autistic Youth / Jonathan A WEISS in Autism Research, 14-2 (February 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-2 (February 2021) . - p.324-332 Titre : Predictors of Changes in Daily Activity in Transition-Age Autistic Youth Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jonathan A WEISS, Auteur ; Jonathan K. Y. LAI, Auteur ; Vivian LEE, Auteur ; Yona LUNSKY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.324-332 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adulthood  autism  community  employment  schooling  services  transition-age youth Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Transitioning into adulthood is fraught with challenges for autistic youth. A greater understanding of the facilitators of community involvement in school and employment during this period is warranted. The current study examines changes in service need and receipt, and the stability of accessing daily structured activities, for autistic young adults over their transition period compared to adolescents and adults that did not enter the transition period. Baseline caregiver survey data were taken from the Canadian Autism Spectrum Disorders Alliance National Autism Needs Assessment Survey in 2014, and caregivers (n = 304) completed the same set of questions in 2017 about sociodemographic factors, clinical need, service receipt and typical weekday activities. Three cohorts were compared: (1) pretransition age youth, (2) transition-age youth, and (3) young adults who were past transition age. Results suggest that transition-age youth were found to have a unique set of priority service needs compared to pre transition-age adolescent and to adult groups, and both transition-age and adult groups had lower levels of priority service receipt compared to pretransition-age adolescents. The transition-age group experienced the greatest loss of structured weekday activity between time points, and were more likely than pretransition-age adolescents to not have structured weekday activities at Time 2. A recovery of structured daily activity was not observed in young adults. Our results highlight the tumultuous nature of the transition period for autistic youth, which continues into adulthood, and the urgent need for supports during this time. LAY SUMMARY: This research highlights that autistic young people who are transitioning to adulthood are at greatest risk of losing structured weekday activities, and that once in adulthood, many continue to struggle to obtain meaningful community engagement. These results can help guide the design of adolescent and young adult transition programs. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2371 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 [article] Predictors of Changes in Daily Activity in Transition-Age Autistic Youth [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jonathan A WEISS, Auteur ; Jonathan K. Y. LAI, Auteur ; Vivian LEE, Auteur ; Yona LUNSKY, Auteur . - p.324-332. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-2 (February 2021) . - p.324-332 Mots-clés : adulthood  autism  community  employment  schooling  services  transition-age youth Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Transitioning into adulthood is fraught with challenges for autistic youth. A greater understanding of the facilitators of community involvement in school and employment during this period is warranted. The current study examines changes in service need and receipt, and the stability of accessing daily structured activities, for autistic young adults over their transition period compared to adolescents and adults that did not enter the transition period. Baseline caregiver survey data were taken from the Canadian Autism Spectrum Disorders Alliance National Autism Needs Assessment Survey in 2014, and caregivers (n = 304) completed the same set of questions in 2017 about sociodemographic factors, clinical need, service receipt and typical weekday activities. Three cohorts were compared: (1) pretransition age youth, (2) transition-age youth, and (3) young adults who were past transition age. Results suggest that transition-age youth were found to have a unique set of priority service needs compared to pre transition-age adolescent and to adult groups, and both transition-age and adult groups had lower levels of priority service receipt compared to pretransition-age adolescents. The transition-age group experienced the greatest loss of structured weekday activity between time points, and were more likely than pretransition-age adolescents to not have structured weekday activities at Time 2. A recovery of structured daily activity was not observed in young adults. Our results highlight the tumultuous nature of the transition period for autistic youth, which continues into adulthood, and the urgent need for supports during this time. LAY SUMMARY: This research highlights that autistic young people who are transitioning to adulthood are at greatest risk of losing structured weekday activities, and that once in adulthood, many continue to struggle to obtain meaningful community engagement. These results can help guide the design of adolescent and young adult transition programs. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2371 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441

Deep Neural Network Reveals the World of Autism From a First-Person Perspective / Mindi RUAN in Autism Research, 14-2 (February 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-2 (February 2021) . - p.333-342 Titre : Deep Neural Network Reveals the World of Autism From a First-Person Perspective Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Mindi RUAN, Auteur ; Paula J. WEBSTER, Auteur ; Xin LI, Auteur ; Shuo WANG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.333-342 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : artificial intelligence  attention  autism spectrum disorder  deep neural network  faces  photos  saliency Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show atypical attention to social stimuli and aberrant gaze when viewing images of the physical world. However, it is unknown how they perceive the world from a first-person perspective. In this study, we used machine learning to classify photos taken in three different categories (people, indoors, and outdoors) as either having been taken by individuals with ASD or by peers without ASD. Our classifier effectively discriminated photos from all three categories, but was particularly successful at classifying photos of people with >80% accuracy. Importantly, visualization of our model revealed critical features that led to successful discrimination and showed that our model adopted a strategy similar to that of ASD experts. Furthermore, for the first time we showed that photos taken by individuals with ASD contained less salient objects, especially in the central visual field. Notably, our model outperformed classification of these photos by ASD experts. Together, we demonstrate an effective and novel method that is capable of discerning photos taken by individuals with ASD and revealing aberrant visual attention in ASD from a unique first-person perspective. Our method may in turn provide an objective measure for evaluations of individuals with ASD. LAY SUMMARY: People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) demonstrate atypical visual attention to social stimuli. However, it remains largely unclear how they perceive the world from a first-person perspective. In this study, we employed a deep learning approach to analyze a unique dataset of photos taken by people with and without ASD. Our computer modeling was not only able to discern which photos were taken by individuals with ASD, outperforming ASD experts, but importantly, it revealed critical features that led to successful discrimination, revealing aspects of atypical visual attention in ASD from their first-person perspective. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2376 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 [article] Deep Neural Network Reveals the World of Autism From a First-Person Perspective [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Mindi RUAN, Auteur ; Paula J. WEBSTER, Auteur ; Xin LI, Auteur ; Shuo WANG, Auteur . - p.333-342. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-2 (February 2021) . - p.333-342 Mots-clés : artificial intelligence  attention  autism spectrum disorder  deep neural network  faces  photos  saliency Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show atypical attention to social stimuli and aberrant gaze when viewing images of the physical world. However, it is unknown how they perceive the world from a first-person perspective. In this study, we used machine learning to classify photos taken in three different categories (people, indoors, and outdoors) as either having been taken by individuals with ASD or by peers without ASD. Our classifier effectively discriminated photos from all three categories, but was particularly successful at classifying photos of people with >80% accuracy. Importantly, visualization of our model revealed critical features that led to successful discrimination and showed that our model adopted a strategy similar to that of ASD experts. Furthermore, for the first time we showed that photos taken by individuals with ASD contained less salient objects, especially in the central visual field. Notably, our model outperformed classification of these photos by ASD experts. Together, we demonstrate an effective and novel method that is capable of discerning photos taken by individuals with ASD and revealing aberrant visual attention in ASD from a unique first-person perspective. Our method may in turn provide an objective measure for evaluations of individuals with ASD. LAY SUMMARY: People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) demonstrate atypical visual attention to social stimuli. However, it remains largely unclear how they perceive the world from a first-person perspective. In this study, we employed a deep learning approach to analyze a unique dataset of photos taken by people with and without ASD. Our computer modeling was not only able to discern which photos were taken by individuals with ASD, outperforming ASD experts, but importantly, it revealed critical features that led to successful discrimination, revealing aspects of atypical visual attention in ASD from their first-person perspective. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2376 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441

Sequential Associations Between Communication Acts of Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder and Maternal Verbal Responses / Atieh ASHTARI in Autism Research, 14-2 (February 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-2 (February 2021) . - p.343-355 Titre : Sequential Associations Between Communication Acts of Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder and Maternal Verbal Responses Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Atieh ASHTARI, Auteur ; Fariba YADEGARI, Auteur ; Sayyed Ali SAMADI, Auteur ; Linda R. WATSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.343-355 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  child communication  maternal verbal responses  sequential analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In this study, the sequential associations between child communication acts, including spontaneous communication (SC) and elicited communication (EC), and the types of verbal responses of Iranian mothers (follow-in nondirective, follow-in directive, and redirective responses) were compared between children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and young typically developing (TD) children. Participants were 29 children with ASD aged 3-6?years and 40 TD children aged 13-18?months, matched on expressive vocabulary. Using time-window sequential analysis, maternal verbal responses within a time interval of 3 sec following child communication were examined during 15?min of video-recorded mother-child free play interaction. Mothers in the two groups had broadly similar patterns of response to child communication acts, but some differences in responding to child EC. Across both groups, sequential associations were stronger for maternal follow-in nondirective responses to child SC than for this type of response to child EC, and were stronger for follow-in directive responses to child EC than for follow-in directive responses to child SC. Child EC and SC acts were less likely to be followed by redirective responses than other maternal responses, again across both groups. Finally, mothers of children with ASD were more likely than mothers of TD children to follow-in to child EC with both nondirective and directive responses. Our findings suggest that mothers of children with ASD synchronize their responses with their child's SC acts to the same extent as mothers of TD children, and are more synchronous in responding to their child's EC acts. LAY SUMMARY: This observational study examined how Iranian mothers verbally responded to their children's communication acts, based on whether the children's communication was spontaneous (unprompted) or elicited (prompted by the mother). Mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder or typical development responded to their children's spontaneous communication acts in similar ways, but showed some differences in responding to children's elicited communication. By prompting their children to communicate, mothers create opportunities to give additional verbal responses to their children, which may help to support children's further language development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2382 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 [article] Sequential Associations Between Communication Acts of Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder and Maternal Verbal Responses [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Atieh ASHTARI, Auteur ; Fariba YADEGARI, Auteur ; Sayyed Ali SAMADI, Auteur ; Linda R. WATSON, Auteur . - p.343-355. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-2 (February 2021) . - p.343-355 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  child communication  maternal verbal responses  sequential analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In this study, the sequential associations between child communication acts, including spontaneous communication (SC) and elicited communication (EC), and the types of verbal responses of Iranian mothers (follow-in nondirective, follow-in directive, and redirective responses) were compared between children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and young typically developing (TD) children. Participants were 29 children with ASD aged 3-6?years and 40 TD children aged 13-18?months, matched on expressive vocabulary. Using time-window sequential analysis, maternal verbal responses within a time interval of 3 sec following child communication were examined during 15?min of video-recorded mother-child free play interaction. Mothers in the two groups had broadly similar patterns of response to child communication acts, but some differences in responding to child EC. Across both groups, sequential associations were stronger for maternal follow-in nondirective responses to child SC than for this type of response to child EC, and were stronger for follow-in directive responses to child EC than for follow-in directive responses to child SC. Child EC and SC acts were less likely to be followed by redirective responses than other maternal responses, again across both groups. Finally, mothers of children with ASD were more likely than mothers of TD children to follow-in to child EC with both nondirective and directive responses. Our findings suggest that mothers of children with ASD synchronize their responses with their child's SC acts to the same extent as mothers of TD children, and are more synchronous in responding to their child's EC acts. LAY SUMMARY: This observational study examined how Iranian mothers verbally responded to their children's communication acts, based on whether the children's communication was spontaneous (unprompted) or elicited (prompted by the mother). Mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder or typical development responded to their children's spontaneous communication acts in similar ways, but showed some differences in responding to children's elicited communication. By prompting their children to communicate, mothers create opportunities to give additional verbal responses to their children, which may help to support children's further language development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2382 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441

Observing Visual Attention and Writing Behaviors During a Writing Assessment: Comparing Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder to Peers with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Typically Developing Peers / Matthew ZAJIC in Autism Research, 14-2 (February 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-2 (February 2021) . - p.356-368 Titre : Observing Visual Attention and Writing Behaviors During a Writing Assessment: Comparing Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder to Peers with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Typically Developing Peers Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Matthew ZAJIC, Auteur ; Emily Jane SOLARI, Auteur ; Nancy Susan MCINTYRE, Auteur ; Lindsay LERRO, Auteur ; Peter C. MUNDY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.356-368 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder  autism spectrum disorder  education  engagement  writing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) demonstrate heterogeneous writing skills that are generally lower than their typically developing (TD) peers and similar to peers with attention difficulties like attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Recent evidence suggests children with ASD spend less time engaging in writing tasks compared to their peers, but previous studies have not examined engagement specifically within the writing task environment. This study used video observation data collected from 121 school-age children (60 children with ASD, 32 children with ADHD, and 29 TD children) to compare differences in visual attention and writing task behaviors and relationships between task behaviors and age, cognitive skills, and ASD and ADHD symptom severity. Findings indicated that groups mostly spent time looking at and writing on the draft, though this was lowest in the ASD group. No differences were found between the ASD and ADHD groups after accounting for task behavior durations as percentages of total used task time. Groups spent little time looking at their outlines and looking away from the task, with all groups spending relatively more time looking at the task picture. Time spent engaged with the draft showed a positive relationship with writing performance across groups, but a negative relationship between time spent looking at the task picture and writing performance only appeared for the ADHD group. The ASD and ADHD groups showed negative associations between draft engagement and ASD symptom severity but not ADHD symptom severity. Implications are discussed for understanding writing task engagement in research and instructional contexts. LAY SUMMARY: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) demonstrate variable writing skills. Here, we examine how children with ASD engage during a writing task by using video observation data to compare their engagement to peers with and without attention difficulties. Findings indicate (a) lower draft engagement and similar task disengagement in children with ASD compared to their peers and (b) moderate-to-strong relationships between writing scores and ASD symptom severity with within-task engagement in children with ASD and their peers with attention difficulties. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2383 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 [article] Observing Visual Attention and Writing Behaviors During a Writing Assessment: Comparing Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder to Peers with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Typically Developing Peers [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Matthew ZAJIC, Auteur ; Emily Jane SOLARI, Auteur ; Nancy Susan MCINTYRE, Auteur ; Lindsay LERRO, Auteur ; Peter C. MUNDY, Auteur . - p.356-368. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-2 (February 2021) . - p.356-368 Mots-clés : attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder  autism spectrum disorder  education  engagement  writing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) demonstrate heterogeneous writing skills that are generally lower than their typically developing (TD) peers and similar to peers with attention difficulties like attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Recent evidence suggests children with ASD spend less time engaging in writing tasks compared to their peers, but previous studies have not examined engagement specifically within the writing task environment. This study used video observation data collected from 121 school-age children (60 children with ASD, 32 children with ADHD, and 29 TD children) to compare differences in visual attention and writing task behaviors and relationships between task behaviors and age, cognitive skills, and ASD and ADHD symptom severity. Findings indicated that groups mostly spent time looking at and writing on the draft, though this was lowest in the ASD group. No differences were found between the ASD and ADHD groups after accounting for task behavior durations as percentages of total used task time. Groups spent little time looking at their outlines and looking away from the task, with all groups spending relatively more time looking at the task picture. Time spent engaged with the draft showed a positive relationship with writing performance across groups, but a negative relationship between time spent looking at the task picture and writing performance only appeared for the ADHD group. The ASD and ADHD groups showed negative associations between draft engagement and ASD symptom severity but not ADHD symptom severity. Implications are discussed for understanding writing task engagement in research and instructional contexts. LAY SUMMARY: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) demonstrate variable writing skills. Here, we examine how children with ASD engage during a writing task by using video observation data to compare their engagement to peers with and without attention difficulties. Findings indicate (a) lower draft engagement and similar task disengagement in children with ASD compared to their peers and (b) moderate-to-strong relationships between writing scores and ASD symptom severity with within-task engagement in children with ASD and their peers with attention difficulties. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2383 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441

Social Motivation Across Multiple Measures: Caregiver-Report of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Emily NEUHAUS in Autism Research, 14-2 (February 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-2 (February 2021) . - p.369-379 Titre : Social Motivation Across Multiple Measures: Caregiver-Report of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Emily NEUHAUS, Auteur ; Raphael BERNIER, Auteur ; Sara J. WEBB, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.369-379 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : affiliation  sex differences  social motivation  social skills Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Social motivation is a foundational construct with regard to the etiology, neurobiology, and phenotype of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Multiple theories suggest that early emerging alterations to social motivation underlie a developmental cascade of social and communication deficits across the lifespan. Despite this significance, methods to measure social motivation vary widely, with little data to date as to how different measures might compare. In this study, we explore three existing caregiver-report measures that have been proposed to quantify social motivation among school-age children with ASD (n = 18; all male) and without ASD (n = 36; 50% female), with the broad goal of characterizing social motivation across measures and specific aims of investigating (a) diagnostic and sex differences in social motivation, (b) correspondence between measures, and (c) relationships between social motivation and broader social outcomes. Across all three measures, individuals with ASD had lower social motivation by caregiver-report. However, they did display individual differences in the degree of social motivation reported. There were no differences in social motivation between males and females without ASD on any of the three measures. For the full sample, measures of social motivation correlated with one another as anticipated, and stronger social motivation was associated with stronger social skills and fewer social difficulties. Our data suggest that social motivation among children with ASD may be best conceptualized as an individual difference that is diminished on average relative to peers but which varies among children and adolescents with ASD, rather than as an absolute absence or uniform deficit. LAY SUMMARY: Several theories suggest that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience less social motivation than their peers without ASD, contributing to difficulties in social skills. Based on multiple caregiver-report questionnaires, social motivation was reduced on average for school-age children with ASD but also varied among children with ASD. Stronger social motivation was related to stronger social skills and fewer social problems. Future work should include more girls with ASD, consider social motivation across age groups, and include first-hand perspectives from people with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2386 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 [article] Social Motivation Across Multiple Measures: Caregiver-Report of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Emily NEUHAUS, Auteur ; Raphael BERNIER, Auteur ; Sara J. WEBB, Auteur . - p.369-379. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-2 (February 2021) . - p.369-379 Mots-clés : affiliation  sex differences  social motivation  social skills Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Social motivation is a foundational construct with regard to the etiology, neurobiology, and phenotype of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Multiple theories suggest that early emerging alterations to social motivation underlie a developmental cascade of social and communication deficits across the lifespan. Despite this significance, methods to measure social motivation vary widely, with little data to date as to how different measures might compare. In this study, we explore three existing caregiver-report measures that have been proposed to quantify social motivation among school-age children with ASD (n = 18; all male) and without ASD (n = 36; 50% female), with the broad goal of characterizing social motivation across measures and specific aims of investigating (a) diagnostic and sex differences in social motivation, (b) correspondence between measures, and (c) relationships between social motivation and broader social outcomes. Across all three measures, individuals with ASD had lower social motivation by caregiver-report. However, they did display individual differences in the degree of social motivation reported. There were no differences in social motivation between males and females without ASD on any of the three measures. For the full sample, measures of social motivation correlated with one another as anticipated, and stronger social motivation was associated with stronger social skills and fewer social difficulties. Our data suggest that social motivation among children with ASD may be best conceptualized as an individual difference that is diminished on average relative to peers but which varies among children and adolescents with ASD, rather than as an absolute absence or uniform deficit. LAY SUMMARY: Several theories suggest that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience less social motivation than their peers without ASD, contributing to difficulties in social skills. Based on multiple caregiver-report questionnaires, social motivation was reduced on average for school-age children with ASD but also varied among children with ASD. Stronger social motivation was related to stronger social skills and fewer social problems. Future work should include more girls with ASD, consider social motivation across age groups, and include first-hand perspectives from people with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2386 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441

"Reading the Mind in the Eyes" in Autistic Adults is Modulated by Valence and Difficulty: An InFoR Study / Matias BALTAZAR in Autism Research, 14-2 (February 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-2 (February 2021) . - p.380-388 Titre : "Reading the Mind in the Eyes" in Autistic Adults is Modulated by Valence and Difficulty: An InFoR Study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Matias BALTAZAR, Auteur ; Marie-Maude GEOFFRAY, Auteur ; Christopher H. CHATHAM, Auteur ; Manuel P. BOUVARD, Auteur ; Axelle MARTINEZ TERUEL, Auteur ; David MONNET, Auteur ; Isabelle SCHEID, Auteur ; Eleonora MURZI, Auteur ; Sandrine COUFFIN-CADIERGUES, Auteur ; Daniel UMBRICHT, Auteur ; Lorraine MURTAGH, Auteur ; Richard DELORME, Auteur ; Myriam LY LE-MOAL, Auteur ; Marion LEBOYER, Auteur ; Anouck AMESTOY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.380-388 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Generalized Linear Mixed Model  Reading the Mind in the Eyes  autism spectrum disorders  difficulty  valence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are heterogeneous and complex neurodevelopmental conditions that urgently need reliable and sensitive measures to inform diagnosis properly. The Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task (or Eyes Test from now on) is widely used for this purpose. A recent study showed that subcategories of items of the children version of the Eyes Test could be especially discriminative to distinguish ASD and control children. Here, we analyzed the performance on the Eyes Test of 30 high functioning (IQ?>?70) adults with ASD and 29 controls from the InFoR cohort multicentric study, using a Generalized Linear Mixed Model. We found that valence and difficulty modulate the performance on the Eyes Test, with easy and positive items being the most discriminative to distinguish ASD and controls. In particular, we suggest this result might be actionable to discriminate ASD patients from controls in subgroups where their overall scores show less difference with controls. We propose for future research the computation of two additional indexes when using the Eyes Test: the first focusing on the easy and positive items (applying a threshold of 70% of correct responses for these items, above which people are at very low risk of having ASD) and the second focusing on the performance gain from difficult to easy items (with a progression of less than 15% showing high risk of having ASD). Our findings open the possibility for a major change in how the Eyes Test is used to inform diagnosis in ASD. LAY SUMMARY: The Eyes Test is used worldwide to inform autism spectrum disorders (ASD) diagnosis. We show here that ASD and neurotypical adults show the most difference in performance on subgroups of items: ASD adults do not improve as expected when comparing easy and difficult items, and they do not show an improvement for items displaying a positive feeling. We advise clinicians to focus on these comparisons to increase the property of the test to distinguish people with ASD from neurotypical adults. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2390 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 [article] "Reading the Mind in the Eyes" in Autistic Adults is Modulated by Valence and Difficulty: An InFoR Study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Matias BALTAZAR, Auteur ; Marie-Maude GEOFFRAY, Auteur ; Christopher H. CHATHAM, Auteur ; Manuel P. BOUVARD, Auteur ; Axelle MARTINEZ TERUEL, Auteur ; David MONNET, Auteur ; Isabelle SCHEID, Auteur ; Eleonora MURZI, Auteur ; Sandrine COUFFIN-CADIERGUES, Auteur ; Daniel UMBRICHT, Auteur ; Lorraine MURTAGH, Auteur ; Richard DELORME, Auteur ; Myriam LY LE-MOAL, Auteur ; Marion LEBOYER, Auteur ; Anouck AMESTOY, Auteur . - p.380-388. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-2 (February 2021) . - p.380-388 Mots-clés : Generalized Linear Mixed Model  Reading the Mind in the Eyes  autism spectrum disorders  difficulty  valence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are heterogeneous and complex neurodevelopmental conditions that urgently need reliable and sensitive measures to inform diagnosis properly. The Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task (or Eyes Test from now on) is widely used for this purpose. A recent study showed that subcategories of items of the children version of the Eyes Test could be especially discriminative to distinguish ASD and control children. Here, we analyzed the performance on the Eyes Test of 30 high functioning (IQ?>?70) adults with ASD and 29 controls from the InFoR cohort multicentric study, using a Generalized Linear Mixed Model. We found that valence and difficulty modulate the performance on the Eyes Test, with easy and positive items being the most discriminative to distinguish ASD and controls. In particular, we suggest this result might be actionable to discriminate ASD patients from controls in subgroups where their overall scores show less difference with controls. We propose for future research the computation of two additional indexes when using the Eyes Test: the first focusing on the easy and positive items (applying a threshold of 70% of correct responses for these items, above which people are at very low risk of having ASD) and the second focusing on the performance gain from difficult to easy items (with a progression of less than 15% showing high risk of having ASD). Our findings open the possibility for a major change in how the Eyes Test is used to inform diagnosis in ASD. LAY SUMMARY: The Eyes Test is used worldwide to inform autism spectrum disorders (ASD) diagnosis. We show here that ASD and neurotypical adults show the most difference in performance on subgroups of items: ASD adults do not improve as expected when comparing easy and difficult items, and they do not show an improvement for items displaying a positive feeling. We advise clinicians to focus on these comparisons to increase the property of the test to distinguish people with ASD from neurotypical adults. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2390 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441

Reduced Proactive Control Processes Associated With Behavioral Response Inhibition Deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorder / Shannon E. KELLY in Autism Research, 14-2 (February 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-2 (February 2021) . - p.389-399 Titre : Reduced Proactive Control Processes Associated With Behavioral Response Inhibition Deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Shannon E. KELLY, Auteur ; Lauren M. SCHMITT, Auteur ; John A. SWEENEY, Auteur ; Matthew W. MOSCONI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.389-399 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  cognition  eye movements  inhibitory control  proactive control Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Impairments in inhibitory control are common in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and associated with multiple clinical issues. Proactive (i.e., delaying response onset) and reactive control mechanisms (i.e., stopping quickly) contribute to successful inhibitory control in typically developing individuals and may be compromised in ASD. We assessed inhibitory control in 58 individuals with ASD and 63 typically developing controls aged 5-29?years using an oculomotor stop-signal task during which participants made rapid eye movements (i.e., saccades) toward peripheral targets (i.e., GO trials) or inhibited saccades (i.e., STOP trials). Individuals with ASD exhibited reduced ability to inhibit saccades, reduced reaction time slowing (GO RT slowing), and faster stop-signal reaction times (SSRT) compared to controls. Across participants, stopping accuracy was positively related to GO RT slowing, and increased age was associated with higher stopping accuracy and GO RT slowing. Our results indicate that failures to proactively delay prepotent responses in ASD underpin deficits of inhibitory control and may contribute to difficulties modifying their behavior according to changes in contextual demands. These findings implicate frontostriatal brain networks in inhibitory control and core symptoms of ASD. LAY SUMMARY: Difficulties stopping actions are common in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and are related to repetitive behaviors. This study compared the ability to stop eye movements in individuals with ASD and healthy peers. We found that individuals with ASD were less able to stop eye movements and that this difficulty was related to a reduced ability to delay their eye movements before seeing the cue to stop, not their ability to react quickly to this cue. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2415 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 [article] Reduced Proactive Control Processes Associated With Behavioral Response Inhibition Deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Shannon E. KELLY, Auteur ; Lauren M. SCHMITT, Auteur ; John A. SWEENEY, Auteur ; Matthew W. MOSCONI, Auteur . - p.389-399. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-2 (February 2021) . - p.389-399 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  cognition  eye movements  inhibitory control  proactive control Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Impairments in inhibitory control are common in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and associated with multiple clinical issues. Proactive (i.e., delaying response onset) and reactive control mechanisms (i.e., stopping quickly) contribute to successful inhibitory control in typically developing individuals and may be compromised in ASD. We assessed inhibitory control in 58 individuals with ASD and 63 typically developing controls aged 5-29?years using an oculomotor stop-signal task during which participants made rapid eye movements (i.e., saccades) toward peripheral targets (i.e., GO trials) or inhibited saccades (i.e., STOP trials). Individuals with ASD exhibited reduced ability to inhibit saccades, reduced reaction time slowing (GO RT slowing), and faster stop-signal reaction times (SSRT) compared to controls. Across participants, stopping accuracy was positively related to GO RT slowing, and increased age was associated with higher stopping accuracy and GO RT slowing. Our results indicate that failures to proactively delay prepotent responses in ASD underpin deficits of inhibitory control and may contribute to difficulties modifying their behavior according to changes in contextual demands. These findings implicate frontostriatal brain networks in inhibitory control and core symptoms of ASD. LAY SUMMARY: Difficulties stopping actions are common in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and are related to repetitive behaviors. This study compared the ability to stop eye movements in individuals with ASD and healthy peers. We found that individuals with ASD were less able to stop eye movements and that this difficulty was related to a reduced ability to delay their eye movements before seeing the cue to stop, not their ability to react quickly to this cue. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2415 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441

Identifying Children and Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorder in Electronic Medical Records: Examining Health System Utilization and Comorbidities / Jennifer D. BROOKS in Autism Research, 14-2 (February 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-2 (February 2021) . - p.400-410 Titre : Identifying Children and Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorder in Electronic Medical Records: Examining Health System Utilization and Comorbidities Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jennifer D. BROOKS, Auteur ; Susan E. BRONSKILL, Auteur ; Longdi FU, Auteur ; Farah E. SAXENA, Auteur ; Jasleen ARNEJA, Auteur ; Virgiliu Bogdan PINZARU, Auteur ; Evdokia ANAGNOSTOU, Auteur ; Kirk NYLEN, Auteur ; John MCLAUGHLIN, Auteur ; Karen TU, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.400-410 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Asd  algorithm  autism  comorbidity  electronic medical record  health system use Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder requiring significant health and educational resources for affected individuals. A reference standard for ASD was generated from an existing population-based cohort of 10,000 children and youth aged 1-24?years who were randomly selected for chart abstraction from 29,256 patients from 119 family physicians. We developed and validated an algorithm to identify children and youth with ASD within an electronic medical record system (N = 80,237, aged 1-24?years) in order to examine the prevalence of comorbidities and quantify health system utilization within the cohort. We identified 1,062 children and youth with ASD representing a prevalence of 1.32%. Compared to individuals without ASD, those with ASD had a higher prevalence of asthma, were more likely to visit a specialist, undergo surgery, and be hospitalized for psychiatric reasons. Children and youth with ASD in Ontario have complex health system needs, illustrated through a significant burden of comorbidities and increased health system utilization. LAY SUMMARY: Our paper generates population-based estimates of health system use by children and youth with ASD, who have a higher burden of comorbidities than the general population. We developed a case-finding algorithm and applied it in electronic medical records to create a cohort of children and youth with ASD, thereby generating an important resource to further study the health care needs of individuals with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2419 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 [article] Identifying Children and Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorder in Electronic Medical Records: Examining Health System Utilization and Comorbidities [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jennifer D. BROOKS, Auteur ; Susan E. BRONSKILL, Auteur ; Longdi FU, Auteur ; Farah E. SAXENA, Auteur ; Jasleen ARNEJA, Auteur ; Virgiliu Bogdan PINZARU, Auteur ; Evdokia ANAGNOSTOU, Auteur ; Kirk NYLEN, Auteur ; John MCLAUGHLIN, Auteur ; Karen TU, Auteur . - p.400-410. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-2 (February 2021) . - p.400-410 Mots-clés : Asd  algorithm  autism  comorbidity  electronic medical record  health system use Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder requiring significant health and educational resources for affected individuals. A reference standard for ASD was generated from an existing population-based cohort of 10,000 children and youth aged 1-24?years who were randomly selected for chart abstraction from 29,256 patients from 119 family physicians. We developed and validated an algorithm to identify children and youth with ASD within an electronic medical record system (N = 80,237, aged 1-24?years) in order to examine the prevalence of comorbidities and quantify health system utilization within the cohort. We identified 1,062 children and youth with ASD representing a prevalence of 1.32%. Compared to individuals without ASD, those with ASD had a higher prevalence of asthma, were more likely to visit a specialist, undergo surgery, and be hospitalized for psychiatric reasons. Children and youth with ASD in Ontario have complex health system needs, illustrated through a significant burden of comorbidities and increased health system utilization. LAY SUMMARY: Our paper generates population-based estimates of health system use by children and youth with ASD, who have a higher burden of comorbidities than the general population. We developed a case-finding algorithm and applied it in electronic medical records to create a cohort of children and youth with ASD, thereby generating an important resource to further study the health care needs of individuals with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2419 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441

Utility of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and the Brief Observation of Social and Communication Change for Measuring Outcomes for a Parent-Mediated Early Autism Intervention / Sophie CARRUTHERS in Autism Research, 14-2 (February 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-2 (February 2021) . - p.411-425 Titre : Utility of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and the Brief Observation of Social and Communication Change for Measuring Outcomes for a Parent-Mediated Early Autism Intervention Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sophie CARRUTHERS, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; Nicole EL HAWI, Auteur ; Young Ah KIM, Auteur ; Rachel RANDLE, Auteur ; Catherine LORD, Auteur ; Andrew PICKLES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.411-425 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule  Brief Observation of Social Communication Change  autism spectrum disorder  intervention  outcome measures  trials Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Measuring outcomes for autistic children following social communication interventions is an ongoing challenge given the heterogeneous changes, which can be subtle. We tested and compared the overall and item-level intervention effects of the Brief Observation of Social Communication Change (BOSCC), Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2) algorithm, and ADOS-2 Calibrated Severity Scores (CSS) with autistic children aged 2-5?years from the Preschool Autism Communication Trial (PACT). The BOSCC was applied to Module 1 ADOS assessments (ADOS-BOSCC). Among the 117 children using single or no words (Module 1), the ADOS-BOSCC, ADOS algorithm, and ADOS CSS each detected small non-significant intervention effects. However, on the ADOS algorithm, there was a medium significant intervention effect for children with "few to no words" at baseline, while children with "some words" showed little intervention effect. For the full PACT sample (including ADOS Module 2, total n=152), ADOS metrics evidenced significant small (CSS) and medium (algorithm) overall intervention effects. None of the Module 1 item-level intervention effects reached significance, with largest changes observed for Gesture (ADOS-BOSCC and ADOS), Facial Expressions (ADOS), and Intonation (ADOS). Significant ADOS Module 2 item-level effects were observed for Mannerisms and Repetitive Interests and Stereotyped Behaviors. Despite strong psychometric properties, the ADOS-BOSCC was not more sensitive to behavioral changes than the ADOS among Module 1 children. Our results suggest the ADOS can be a sensitive outcome measure. Item-level intervention effect plots have the potential to indicate intervention "signatures of change," a concept that may be useful in future trials and systematic reviews. LAY SUMMARY: This study compares two outcome measures in a parent-mediated therapy. Neither was clearly better or worse than the other; however, the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule produced somewhat clearer evidence than the Brief Observation of Social Communication Change of improvement among children who had use of "few to no" words at the start. We explore which particular behaviors are associated with greater improvement. These findings can inform researchers when they consider how best to explore the impact of their intervention. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2449 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 [article] Utility of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and the Brief Observation of Social and Communication Change for Measuring Outcomes for a Parent-Mediated Early Autism Intervention [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sophie CARRUTHERS, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; Nicole EL HAWI, Auteur ; Young Ah KIM, Auteur ; Rachel RANDLE, Auteur ; Catherine LORD, Auteur ; Andrew PICKLES, Auteur . - p.411-425. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-2 (February 2021) . - p.411-425 Mots-clés : Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule  Brief Observation of Social Communication Change  autism spectrum disorder  intervention  outcome measures  trials Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Measuring outcomes for autistic children following social communication interventions is an ongoing challenge given the heterogeneous changes, which can be subtle. We tested and compared the overall and item-level intervention effects of the Brief Observation of Social Communication Change (BOSCC), Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2) algorithm, and ADOS-2 Calibrated Severity Scores (CSS) with autistic children aged 2-5?years from the Preschool Autism Communication Trial (PACT). The BOSCC was applied to Module 1 ADOS assessments (ADOS-BOSCC). Among the 117 children using single or no words (Module 1), the ADOS-BOSCC, ADOS algorithm, and ADOS CSS each detected small non-significant intervention effects. However, on the ADOS algorithm, there was a medium significant intervention effect for children with "few to no words" at baseline, while children with "some words" showed little intervention effect. For the full PACT sample (including ADOS Module 2, total n=152), ADOS metrics evidenced significant small (CSS) and medium (algorithm) overall intervention effects. None of the Module 1 item-level intervention effects reached significance, with largest changes observed for Gesture (ADOS-BOSCC and ADOS), Facial Expressions (ADOS), and Intonation (ADOS). Significant ADOS Module 2 item-level effects were observed for Mannerisms and Repetitive Interests and Stereotyped Behaviors. Despite strong psychometric properties, the ADOS-BOSCC was not more sensitive to behavioral changes than the ADOS among Module 1 children. Our results suggest the ADOS can be a sensitive outcome measure. Item-level intervention effect plots have the potential to indicate intervention "signatures of change," a concept that may be useful in future trials and systematic reviews. LAY SUMMARY: This study compares two outcome measures in a parent-mediated therapy. Neither was clearly better or worse than the other; however, the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule produced somewhat clearer evidence than the Brief Observation of Social Communication Change of improvement among children who had use of "few to no" words at the start. We explore which particular behaviors are associated with greater improvement. These findings can inform researchers when they consider how best to explore the impact of their intervention. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2449 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441