Mediators of focused psychosocial support interventions for children in low-resource humanitarian settings: analysis from an Individual Participant Dataset with 3,143 participants / Marianna PURGATO in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61-5 (May 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 61-5 (May 2020) . - p.584-593 Titre : Mediators of focused psychosocial support interventions for children in low-resource humanitarian settings: analysis from an Individual Participant Dataset with 3,143 participants Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Marianna PURGATO, Auteur ; Federico TEDESCHI, Auteur ; Theresa S. BETANCOURT, Auteur ; Paul BOLTON, Auteur ; Chiara BONETTO, Auteur ; Chiara GASTALDON, Auteur ; James GORDON, Auteur ; Paul O'CALLAGHAN, Auteur ; Davide PAPOLA, Auteur ; Kirsi PELTONEN, Auteur ; Raija-Leena PUNAMAKI, Auteur ; Justin RICHARDS, Auteur ; Julie K. STAPLES, Auteur ; Johanna UNTERHITZENBERGER, Auteur ; Joop DE JONG, Auteur ; Mark J. D. JORDANS, Auteur ; Alden L. GROSS, Auteur ; Wietse A. TOL, Auteur ; Corrado BARBUI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.584-593 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Mediation analysis  children  humanitarian setting  individual participant data  trauma Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Research on psychosocial interventions has been focused on the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions on mental health outcomes, without exploring how interventions achieve beneficial effects. Identifying the potential pathways through which interventions work would potentially allow further strengthening of interventions by emphasizing specific components connected with such pathways. METHODS: We conducted a preplanned mediation analysis using individual participant data from a dataset of 11 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which compared focused psychosocial support interventions versus control conditions for children living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) affected by humanitarian crises. Based on an ecological resilience framework, we hypothesized that (a) coping, (b) hope, (c) social support, and (d) functional impairment mediate the relationship between intervention and outcome PTSD symptoms. A systematic search on the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, PubMed, PyscARTICLES, Web of Science, and the main local LMICs databases was conducted up to August 2018. The hypotheses were tested by using individual participant data obtained from study authors of all the studies included in the systematic review. RESULTS: We included 3,143 children from 11 studies (100% of data from included studies), of which 1,877 from six studies contributed to the mediation analysis. Functional impairment was the strongest mediator for focused psychosocial interventions on PTSD (mediation coefficient -0.087, standard error 0.040). The estimated proportion of effect mediated by functional impairment, and adjusted for confounders, was 31%. CONCLUSIONS: Findings did not support the proposed mediation hypotheses for coping, hope, and social support. The mediation through functional impairment may represent unmeasured proxy measures or point to a broader mechanism that impacts self-efficacy and agency. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13151 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=422 [article] Mediators of focused psychosocial support interventions for children in low-resource humanitarian settings: analysis from an Individual Participant Dataset with 3,143 participants [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Marianna PURGATO, Auteur ; Federico TEDESCHI, Auteur ; Theresa S. BETANCOURT, Auteur ; Paul BOLTON, Auteur ; Chiara BONETTO, Auteur ; Chiara GASTALDON, Auteur ; James GORDON, Auteur ; Paul O'CALLAGHAN, Auteur ; Davide PAPOLA, Auteur ; Kirsi PELTONEN, Auteur ; Raija-Leena PUNAMAKI, Auteur ; Justin RICHARDS, Auteur ; Julie K. STAPLES, Auteur ; Johanna UNTERHITZENBERGER, Auteur ; Joop DE JONG, Auteur ; Mark J. D. JORDANS, Auteur ; Alden L. GROSS, Auteur ; Wietse A. TOL, Auteur ; Corrado BARBUI, Auteur . - p.584-593. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 61-5 (May 2020) . - p.584-593 Mots-clés : Mediation analysis  children  humanitarian setting  individual participant data  trauma Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Research on psychosocial interventions has been focused on the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions on mental health outcomes, without exploring how interventions achieve beneficial effects. Identifying the potential pathways through which interventions work would potentially allow further strengthening of interventions by emphasizing specific components connected with such pathways. METHODS: We conducted a preplanned mediation analysis using individual participant data from a dataset of 11 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which compared focused psychosocial support interventions versus control conditions for children living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) affected by humanitarian crises. Based on an ecological resilience framework, we hypothesized that (a) coping, (b) hope, (c) social support, and (d) functional impairment mediate the relationship between intervention and outcome PTSD symptoms. A systematic search on the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, PubMed, PyscARTICLES, Web of Science, and the main local LMICs databases was conducted up to August 2018. The hypotheses were tested by using individual participant data obtained from study authors of all the studies included in the systematic review. RESULTS: We included 3,143 children from 11 studies (100% of data from included studies), of which 1,877 from six studies contributed to the mediation analysis. Functional impairment was the strongest mediator for focused psychosocial interventions on PTSD (mediation coefficient -0.087, standard error 0.040). The estimated proportion of effect mediated by functional impairment, and adjusted for confounders, was 31%. CONCLUSIONS: Findings did not support the proposed mediation hypotheses for coping, hope, and social support. The mediation through functional impairment may represent unmeasured proxy measures or point to a broader mechanism that impacts self-efficacy and agency. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13151 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=422

Objective frequency analysis of transient visual evoked potentials in autistic children / Chloe BRITTENHAM in Autism Research, 15-3 (March 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-3 (March 2022) . - p.464-480 Titre : Objective frequency analysis of transient visual evoked potentials in autistic children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Chloe BRITTENHAM, Auteur ; James GORDON, Auteur ; Vance M. ZEMON, Auteur ; Paige M. SIPER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.464-480 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) provide a means to examine neural mechanisms in autism with high temporal resolution. Conventional VEP analysis relies on subjective inspection of a few points (peaks and troughs) in the time-domain waveform. The current study applied power spectral analysis and magnitude-squared coherence (MSC) statistics (frequency-domain measures) to VEPs recorded during 1-minute runs and with a recently developed short-duration technique that allow for objective examination of the responses (Zemon & Gordon, European Journal of Neuroscience, 2018, 48, 1765?1788) from nonautistic and autistic children. Results indicate that, for both groups, early time-domain measures (P60, N75, P100) are highly correlated with middle- and high-frequency (14?28 and 30?48?Hz, respectively) mechanisms, and late measures are highly correlated with a low-frequency (6?12?Hz) mechanism. One frequency-domain measure (power in the middle-frequency band) is capable of predicting the key amplitude measure (N75-P100) with high accuracy. MSC and power measures were combined to yield separate measures of signal and noise strength to evaluate alternate hypotheses in autism. Linear mixed-effects modeling demonstrated selective differences in early time-domain and middle-to-high frequency-domain measures in autistic children as compared to nonautistic children given both recording techniques, implicating weaker excitatory input to the cortex. Receiver-operating-characteristic curve analysis showed predictive diagnostic accuracy for middle- and high-frequency bands based on MSC. These findings support the value of frequency analysis measures (power spectral analysis and MSC) in the objective examination of neural differences in autism. Lay Summary Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) are used to assess neural mechanisms. Typically, VEPs are analyzed by subjective examination of time-series waveforms; but here objective techniques were applied to quantify VEP frequency components to investigate neural differences between autistic and nonautistic children. The objective measures demonstrate group differences in brain function that point to weaker excitatory input to the cortex in autism. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2654 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 [article] Objective frequency analysis of transient visual evoked potentials in autistic children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Chloe BRITTENHAM, Auteur ; James GORDON, Auteur ; Vance M. ZEMON, Auteur ; Paige M. SIPER, Auteur . - p.464-480. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-3 (March 2022) . - p.464-480 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) provide a means to examine neural mechanisms in autism with high temporal resolution. Conventional VEP analysis relies on subjective inspection of a few points (peaks and troughs) in the time-domain waveform. The current study applied power spectral analysis and magnitude-squared coherence (MSC) statistics (frequency-domain measures) to VEPs recorded during 1-minute runs and with a recently developed short-duration technique that allow for objective examination of the responses (Zemon & Gordon, European Journal of Neuroscience, 2018, 48, 1765?1788) from nonautistic and autistic children. Results indicate that, for both groups, early time-domain measures (P60, N75, P100) are highly correlated with middle- and high-frequency (14?28 and 30?48?Hz, respectively) mechanisms, and late measures are highly correlated with a low-frequency (6?12?Hz) mechanism. One frequency-domain measure (power in the middle-frequency band) is capable of predicting the key amplitude measure (N75-P100) with high accuracy. MSC and power measures were combined to yield separate measures of signal and noise strength to evaluate alternate hypotheses in autism. Linear mixed-effects modeling demonstrated selective differences in early time-domain and middle-to-high frequency-domain measures in autistic children as compared to nonautistic children given both recording techniques, implicating weaker excitatory input to the cortex. Receiver-operating-characteristic curve analysis showed predictive diagnostic accuracy for middle- and high-frequency bands based on MSC. These findings support the value of frequency analysis measures (power spectral analysis and MSC) in the objective examination of neural differences in autism. Lay Summary Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) are used to assess neural mechanisms. Typically, VEPs are analyzed by subjective examination of time-series waveforms; but here objective techniques were applied to quantify VEP frequency components to investigate neural differences between autistic and nonautistic children. The objective measures demonstrate group differences in brain function that point to weaker excitatory input to the cortex in autism. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2654 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473

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