Population mean scores predict child mental disorder rates: validating SDQ prevalence estimators in Britain / Anna GOODMAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-1 (January 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-1 (January 2011) . - p.100-108 Titre : Population mean scores predict child mental disorder rates: validating SDQ prevalence estimators in Britain Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anna GOODMAN, Auteur ; Robert GOODMAN, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.100-108 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire  population  mean  prevalence  SDQ prevalence estimator Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  For adult physical and mental health, the population mean predicts the proportion of individuals with ‘high’ scores. This has not previously been investigated for child mental health. It is also unclear how far symptom scores on brief questionnaires provide an unbiased method of comparing children with different individual, family or social characteristics. Methods:  Subjects were 18,415 British children aged 5–16 years. Parents, teachers, and children aged 11–16 completed Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires (SDQs) and diagnostic interviews; the latter were used to assign multi-informant clinician-rated diagnoses. We examined how closely the prevalence of child mental disorder was predicted by SDQ mean total difficulty scores, and how these mean scores compared to alternative SDQ-based summary statistics. We did this for populations defined in terms of a wide range of risk factors using one randomly selected half of the study sample. Using these results we generated SDQ prevalence estimator equations, and validated these on the second half of the study sample. Results:  Mean symptom scores closely predicted the prevalence of clinician-rated child mental disorder (R2 = .89–.95) and performed better than alternative summary statistics based on binary SDQ outcomes. The predictions of the SDQ prevalence estimators were on average only 1–2% different from the true prevalence, with no systematic tendency towards under- or overestimation. There were only a few outlier subpopulations, all relating to children with learning difficulties. Conclusion:  The proportion of children with a disorder is closely predicted by mean symptom scores, highlighting the potential importance of population-wide interventions to improve child mental health. In Britain, SDQ mean total difficulty scores generally provide an accurate and unbiased method of assessing the mental health of different subgroups. SDQ prevalence estimators may facilitate presenting these research findings as proportions that are more easily interpreted by policymakers and service providers. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02278.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=113 [article] Population mean scores predict child mental disorder rates: validating SDQ prevalence estimators in Britain [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anna GOODMAN, Auteur ; Robert GOODMAN, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.100-108. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-1 (January 2011) . - p.100-108 Mots-clés : Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire  population  mean  prevalence  SDQ prevalence estimator Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  For adult physical and mental health, the population mean predicts the proportion of individuals with ‘high’ scores. This has not previously been investigated for child mental health. It is also unclear how far symptom scores on brief questionnaires provide an unbiased method of comparing children with different individual, family or social characteristics. Methods:  Subjects were 18,415 British children aged 5–16 years. Parents, teachers, and children aged 11–16 completed Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires (SDQs) and diagnostic interviews; the latter were used to assign multi-informant clinician-rated diagnoses. We examined how closely the prevalence of child mental disorder was predicted by SDQ mean total difficulty scores, and how these mean scores compared to alternative SDQ-based summary statistics. We did this for populations defined in terms of a wide range of risk factors using one randomly selected half of the study sample. Using these results we generated SDQ prevalence estimator equations, and validated these on the second half of the study sample. Results:  Mean symptom scores closely predicted the prevalence of clinician-rated child mental disorder (R2 = .89–.95) and performed better than alternative summary statistics based on binary SDQ outcomes. The predictions of the SDQ prevalence estimators were on average only 1–2% different from the true prevalence, with no systematic tendency towards under- or overestimation. There were only a few outlier subpopulations, all relating to children with learning difficulties. Conclusion:  The proportion of children with a disorder is closely predicted by mean symptom scores, highlighting the potential importance of population-wide interventions to improve child mental health. In Britain, SDQ mean total difficulty scores generally provide an accurate and unbiased method of assessing the mental health of different subgroups. SDQ prevalence estimators may facilitate presenting these research findings as proportions that are more easily interpreted by policymakers and service providers. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02278.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=113

The Nordic advantage in child mental health: separating health differences from reporting style in a cross-cultural comparison of psychopathology / Einar HEIERVANG in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49-6 (June 2008)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 49-6 (June 2008) . - p.678-685 Titre : The Nordic advantage in child mental health: separating health differences from reporting style in a cross-cultural comparison of psychopathology Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Einar HEIERVANG, Auteur ; Robert GOODMAN, Auteur ; Anna GOODMAN, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p.678-685 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Cross-cultural comparison child psychopathology informant Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: The use of similar standardised measures of psychopathology for population surveys permits cross-cultural comparisons. However, interpretation of findings can be challenging because rating thresholds may differ across cultures. By combining questionnaire and interview data, we explore whether lower questionnaire scores in Norway as compared to Britain reflect genuine differences in child mental health, or simply different reporting thresholds. Methods: Information from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) interview were compared across recent population surveys in Norway and Britain. The Norwegian study (2002–03) had questionnaire data for 6,658 and interview data for 1,024 8–10-year-old children. The British dataset included questionnaire and interview data for 4,898 children of the same age range from two independent surveys (1999 and 2004). Results: Norwegian children had lower SDQ scores on all problem scales (emotional, behavioural, hyperactive and peer relationship) according to parents as well as teachers. DAWBA information showed that the Norwegian prevalence of externalising disorders (behavioural and hyperactivity) was about half that found in Britain, whereas rates of emotional disorders were similar. Norwegian and British children with non-emotional disorders had similar questionnaire scores and rates of problem-recognition by parents and teachers. By contrast, questionnaire scores and problem-recognition were all lower in Norwegian children with emotional disorders. Conclusions: Lower Norwegian questionnaire scores for externalising problems appear to reflect real and substantial differences between the two countries. By contrast, lower questionnaire scores for emotional problems seem to reflect under-reporting/under-recognition by Norwegian adults, and not a genuinely lower prevalence of emotional disorders. This illustrates that cross-cultural differences in psychopathology based only on questionnaire data may be misleading. Nevertheless, careful use of questionnaire and interview data can focus mental health research on cross-cultural variations likely to reflect genuine health differences. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01882.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=457 [article] The Nordic advantage in child mental health: separating health differences from reporting style in a cross-cultural comparison of psychopathology [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Einar HEIERVANG, Auteur ; Robert GOODMAN, Auteur ; Anna GOODMAN, Auteur . - 2008 . - p.678-685. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 49-6 (June 2008) . - p.678-685 Mots-clés : Cross-cultural comparison child psychopathology informant Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: The use of similar standardised measures of psychopathology for population surveys permits cross-cultural comparisons. However, interpretation of findings can be challenging because rating thresholds may differ across cultures. By combining questionnaire and interview data, we explore whether lower questionnaire scores in Norway as compared to Britain reflect genuine differences in child mental health, or simply different reporting thresholds. Methods: Information from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) interview were compared across recent population surveys in Norway and Britain. The Norwegian study (2002–03) had questionnaire data for 6,658 and interview data for 1,024 8–10-year-old children. The British dataset included questionnaire and interview data for 4,898 children of the same age range from two independent surveys (1999 and 2004). Results: Norwegian children had lower SDQ scores on all problem scales (emotional, behavioural, hyperactive and peer relationship) according to parents as well as teachers. DAWBA information showed that the Norwegian prevalence of externalising disorders (behavioural and hyperactivity) was about half that found in Britain, whereas rates of emotional disorders were similar. Norwegian and British children with non-emotional disorders had similar questionnaire scores and rates of problem-recognition by parents and teachers. By contrast, questionnaire scores and problem-recognition were all lower in Norwegian children with emotional disorders. Conclusions: Lower Norwegian questionnaire scores for externalising problems appear to reflect real and substantial differences between the two countries. By contrast, lower questionnaire scores for emotional problems seem to reflect under-reporting/under-recognition by Norwegian adults, and not a genuinely lower prevalence of emotional disorders. This illustrates that cross-cultural differences in psychopathology based only on questionnaire data may be misleading. Nevertheless, careful use of questionnaire and interview data can focus mental health research on cross-cultural variations likely to reflect genuine health differences. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01882.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=457

Why do British Indian children have an apparent mental health advantage? / Anna GOODMAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51-10 (October 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 51-10 (October 2010) . - p.1171-1183 Titre : Why do British Indian children have an apparent mental health advantage? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anna GOODMAN, Auteur ; Vikram PATEL, Auteur ; David A. LEON, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.1171-1183 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Cross-cultural-comparison British-Indians advantaged-groups information-bias minority-ethnic-mental-health externalising-problems Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Previous studies document a mental health advantage in British Indian children, particularly for externalising problems. The causes of this advantage are unknown. Methods:  Subjects were 13,836 White children and 361 Indian children aged 5–16 years from the English subsample of the British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Surveys. The primary mental health outcome was the parent Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Mental health was also assessed using the teacher and child SDQs; diagnostic interviews with parents, teachers and children; and multi-informant clinician-rated diagnoses. Multiple child, family, school and area factors were examined as possible mediators or confounders in explaining observed ethnic differences. Results:  Indian children had a large advantage for externalising problems and disorders, and little or no difference for internalising problems and disorders. This was observed across all mental health outcomes, including teacher-reported and diagnostic interview measures. Detailed psychometric analyses provided no suggestion of information bias. The Indian advantage for externalising problems was partly mediated by Indian children being more likely to live in two-parent families and less likely to have academic difficulties. Yet after adjusting for these and all other covariates, the unexplained Indian advantage only reduced by about a quarter (from 1.08 to .71 parent SDQ points) and remained highly significant (p < .001). This Indian advantage was largely confined to families of low socio-economic position. Conclusion:  The Indian mental health advantage is real and is specific to externalising problems. Family type and academic abilities mediate part of the advantage, but most is not explained by major risk factors. Likewise unexplained is the absence in Indian children of a socio-economic gradient in mental health. Further investigation of the Indian advantage may yield insights into novel ways to promote child mental health and child mental health equity in all ethnic groups. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02260.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=110 [article] Why do British Indian children have an apparent mental health advantage? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anna GOODMAN, Auteur ; Vikram PATEL, Auteur ; David A. LEON, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.1171-1183. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 51-10 (October 2010) . - p.1171-1183 Mots-clés : Cross-cultural-comparison British-Indians advantaged-groups information-bias minority-ethnic-mental-health externalising-problems Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Previous studies document a mental health advantage in British Indian children, particularly for externalising problems. The causes of this advantage are unknown. Methods:  Subjects were 13,836 White children and 361 Indian children aged 5–16 years from the English subsample of the British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Surveys. The primary mental health outcome was the parent Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Mental health was also assessed using the teacher and child SDQs; diagnostic interviews with parents, teachers and children; and multi-informant clinician-rated diagnoses. Multiple child, family, school and area factors were examined as possible mediators or confounders in explaining observed ethnic differences. Results:  Indian children had a large advantage for externalising problems and disorders, and little or no difference for internalising problems and disorders. This was observed across all mental health outcomes, including teacher-reported and diagnostic interview measures. Detailed psychometric analyses provided no suggestion of information bias. The Indian advantage for externalising problems was partly mediated by Indian children being more likely to live in two-parent families and less likely to have academic difficulties. Yet after adjusting for these and all other covariates, the unexplained Indian advantage only reduced by about a quarter (from 1.08 to .71 parent SDQ points) and remained highly significant (p < .001). This Indian advantage was largely confined to families of low socio-economic position. Conclusion:  The Indian mental health advantage is real and is specific to externalising problems. Family type and academic abilities mediate part of the advantage, but most is not explained by major risk factors. Likewise unexplained is the absence in Indian children of a socio-economic gradient in mental health. Further investigation of the Indian advantage may yield insights into novel ways to promote child mental health and child mental health equity in all ethnic groups. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02260.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=110

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