Alexithymia and intolerance of uncertainty predict somatic symptoms in autistic and non-autistic adults / Fionnuala LARKIN in Autism, 27-3 (April 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 27-3 (April 2023) . - p.602-615 Titre : Alexithymia and intolerance of uncertainty predict somatic symptoms in autistic and non-autistic adults Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Fionnuala LARKIN, Auteur ; Brianna RALSTON, Auteur ; Sophie Jayne DINSDALE, Auteur ; Sakura KIMURA, Auteur ; Marianna E. HAYIOU-THOMAS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.602-615 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : alexithymia,autism,interoception,intolerance of uncertainty,somatic symptoms Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic people experience heightened rates of physical health problems but may also experience elevated levels of somatic symptoms (e.g. pain, headache, gastrointestinal symptoms) due to psychological factors which are common in autism. This online study sought to compare rates of somatic symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-15) in older adolescents and adults who were autistic (n=51), non-autistic (n=119) and who suspected they were autistic (n=32), while controlling for health conditions. We investigated psychological risk factors that may predispose individuals to experience somatic symptoms, including alexithymia (General Alexithymia Factor Score), interoception (Body Awareness Questionnaire) and intolerance of uncertainty (Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale). Diagnosed autistic individuals had higher rates of alexithymia and intolerance of uncertainty. We also found higher somatic symptoms in diagnosed autistic individuals, controlling for mental and physical health. However, hierarchical regression showed that somatic symptoms were predicted by physical and mental health conditions, female gender, alexithymia, and intolerance of uncertainty, regardless of autism status. The results suggest that autistic and non-autistic individuals experience more bodily discomfort in part due to gender, physical and mental health, alexithymia, and difficulty tolerating uncertainty. Implications for mental and physical health care in autism are discussed.Lay abstractAutistic people have more physical health problems than non-autistic people. We were interested in whether autistic people experience more discomfort in their bodies than non-autistic people and whether certain psychological traits contribute to that. A survey was completed online by older adolescents and adults, 51 of whom were autistic, 32 of whom thought they might be autistic but were not diagnosed and 119 who were not autistic. They completed measures of somatic symptoms (daily experience of pain, discomfort, dizziness), alexithymia (difficulty identifying and expressing feelings), interoception (how much people are aware of their bodies) and intolerance of uncertainty (how people handle doubt or uncertainty), and reported any physical or mental health conditions. We found that the autistic participants had more physical and mental health conditions than the non-autistic participants, but even when we took account of this, they experienced higher levels of somatic symptoms. We looked at which psychological factors influenced levels of somatic symptoms across the whole sample, and found that alexithymia, intolerance of uncertainty, having physical health problems, being female and the number of mental health conditions predicted somatic symptoms, while interoception and autism diagnosis did not. The findings suggest that people may be more likely to experience physical discomfort if they are female, and have difficulty identifying and expressing feeling and difficulty tolerating doubt. As these psychological factors are more prominent in autism, we think this is important for physical and mental health providers to know about, so that these psychological factors can be considered when assessing and treating autistic people. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613221109717 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=499 [article] Alexithymia and intolerance of uncertainty predict somatic symptoms in autistic and non-autistic adults [texte imprimé] / Fionnuala LARKIN, Auteur ; Brianna RALSTON, Auteur ; Sophie Jayne DINSDALE, Auteur ; Sakura KIMURA, Auteur ; Marianna E. HAYIOU-THOMAS, Auteur . - p.602-615. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 27-3 (April 2023) . - p.602-615 Mots-clés : alexithymia,autism,interoception,intolerance of uncertainty,somatic symptoms Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic people experience heightened rates of physical health problems but may also experience elevated levels of somatic symptoms (e.g. pain, headache, gastrointestinal symptoms) due to psychological factors which are common in autism. This online study sought to compare rates of somatic symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-15) in older adolescents and adults who were autistic (n=51), non-autistic (n=119) and who suspected they were autistic (n=32), while controlling for health conditions. We investigated psychological risk factors that may predispose individuals to experience somatic symptoms, including alexithymia (General Alexithymia Factor Score), interoception (Body Awareness Questionnaire) and intolerance of uncertainty (Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale). Diagnosed autistic individuals had higher rates of alexithymia and intolerance of uncertainty. We also found higher somatic symptoms in diagnosed autistic individuals, controlling for mental and physical health. However, hierarchical regression showed that somatic symptoms were predicted by physical and mental health conditions, female gender, alexithymia, and intolerance of uncertainty, regardless of autism status. The results suggest that autistic and non-autistic individuals experience more bodily discomfort in part due to gender, physical and mental health, alexithymia, and difficulty tolerating uncertainty. Implications for mental and physical health care in autism are discussed.Lay abstractAutistic people have more physical health problems than non-autistic people. We were interested in whether autistic people experience more discomfort in their bodies than non-autistic people and whether certain psychological traits contribute to that. A survey was completed online by older adolescents and adults, 51 of whom were autistic, 32 of whom thought they might be autistic but were not diagnosed and 119 who were not autistic. They completed measures of somatic symptoms (daily experience of pain, discomfort, dizziness), alexithymia (difficulty identifying and expressing feelings), interoception (how much people are aware of their bodies) and intolerance of uncertainty (how people handle doubt or uncertainty), and reported any physical or mental health conditions. We found that the autistic participants had more physical and mental health conditions than the non-autistic participants, but even when we took account of this, they experienced higher levels of somatic symptoms. We looked at which psychological factors influenced levels of somatic symptoms across the whole sample, and found that alexithymia, intolerance of uncertainty, having physical health problems, being female and the number of mental health conditions predicted somatic symptoms, while interoception and autism diagnosis did not. The findings suggest that people may be more likely to experience physical discomfort if they are female, and have difficulty identifying and expressing feeling and difficulty tolerating doubt. As these psychological factors are more prominent in autism, we think this is important for physical and mental health providers to know about, so that these psychological factors can be considered when assessing and treating autistic people. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613221109717 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=499

Dyslexia and Developmental Language Disorder: comorbid disorders with distinct effects on reading comprehension / Margaret J. SNOWLING in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61-6 (June 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 61-6 (June 2020) . - p.672-680 Titre : Dyslexia and Developmental Language Disorder: comorbid disorders with distinct effects on reading comprehension Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Margaret J. SNOWLING, Auteur ; Marianna E. HAYIOU-THOMAS, Auteur ; Hannah M. NASH, Auteur ; Charles HULME, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.672-680 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Developmental Language Disorder  Reading comprehension  decoding  dyslexia  language Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Reading comprehension draws on both decoding and linguistic comprehension, and poor reading comprehension can be the consequence of a deficit in either of these skills. METHODS: Using outcome data from the longitudinal Wellcome Language and Reading Project, we identified three groups of children at age 8 years: children with dyslexia (N = 21) who had deficits in decoding but not oral language, children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD; N = 38) whose decoding skills were in the normal range, and children who met criteria for both dyslexia and DLD (N = 29). RESULTS: All three groups had reading comprehension difficulties at the ages of 8 and 9 years relative to TD controls though those of the children with dyslexia were mild (relative to TD controls, d = 0.51 at age 8, d = 0.60 at age 8); while the most severe problems were found in the comorbid dyslexia + DLD group (d = 1.79 at age 8, d = 2.06 at age 9) those with DLD also had significant difficulties (d = 1.56 at age 8, d = 1.56 at age 9). CONCLUSIONS: These findings confirm that children with dyslexia or DLD are at-risk for reading comprehension difficulties but for different reasons, because of weak decoding in the case of dyslexia or weak oral language skills in the case of DLD. Different forms of intervention are required for these groups of children, targeted to their particular area(s) of weakness. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13140 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=426 [article] Dyslexia and Developmental Language Disorder: comorbid disorders with distinct effects on reading comprehension [texte imprimé] / Margaret J. SNOWLING, Auteur ; Marianna E. HAYIOU-THOMAS, Auteur ; Hannah M. NASH, Auteur ; Charles HULME, Auteur . - p.672-680. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 61-6 (June 2020) . - p.672-680 Mots-clés : Developmental Language Disorder  Reading comprehension  decoding  dyslexia  language Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Reading comprehension draws on both decoding and linguistic comprehension, and poor reading comprehension can be the consequence of a deficit in either of these skills. METHODS: Using outcome data from the longitudinal Wellcome Language and Reading Project, we identified three groups of children at age 8 years: children with dyslexia (N = 21) who had deficits in decoding but not oral language, children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD; N = 38) whose decoding skills were in the normal range, and children who met criteria for both dyslexia and DLD (N = 29). RESULTS: All three groups had reading comprehension difficulties at the ages of 8 and 9 years relative to TD controls though those of the children with dyslexia were mild (relative to TD controls, d = 0.51 at age 8, d = 0.60 at age 8); while the most severe problems were found in the comorbid dyslexia + DLD group (d = 1.79 at age 8, d = 2.06 at age 9) those with DLD also had significant difficulties (d = 1.56 at age 8, d = 1.56 at age 9). CONCLUSIONS: These findings confirm that children with dyslexia or DLD are at-risk for reading comprehension difficulties but for different reasons, because of weak decoding in the case of dyslexia or weak oral language skills in the case of DLD. Different forms of intervention are required for these groups of children, targeted to their particular area(s) of weakness. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13140 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=426

Further evidence for a parent-of-origin effect at the NOP9 locus on language-related phenotypes / Kerry A. PETTIGREW in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 8-1 (December 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 8-1 (December 2016) . - p.24 Titre : Further evidence for a parent-of-origin effect at the NOP9 locus on language-related phenotypes Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Kerry A. PETTIGREW, Auteur ; Emily FRINTON, Auteur ; Ron NUDEL, Auteur ; May T.M. CHAN, Auteur ; Paul THOMPSON, Auteur ; Marianna E. HAYIOU-THOMAS, Auteur ; Joel B. TALCOTT, Auteur ; John STEIN, Auteur ; A.P. MONACO, Auteur ; Charles HULME, Auteur ; Margaret J. SNOWLING, Auteur ; Dianne F. NEWBURY, Auteur ; Silvia PARACCHINI, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : p.24 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Candidate gene  Dyslexia  Genetic association  Language impairment  Parent-of-origin Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Specific language impairment (SLI) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder, observed in 5-10 % of children. Family and twin studies suggest a strong genetic component, but relatively few candidate genes have been reported to date. A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) described the first statistically significant association specifically for a SLI cohort between a missense variant (rs4280164) in the NOP9 gene and language-related phenotypes under a parent-of-origin model. Replications of these findings are particularly challenging because the availability of parental DNA is required. METHODS: We used two independent family-based cohorts characterised with reading- and language-related traits: a longitudinal cohort (n = 106 informative families) including children with language and reading difficulties and a nuclear family cohort (n = 264 families) selected for dyslexia. RESULTS: We observed association with language-related measures when modelling for parent-of-origin effects at the NOP9 locus in both cohorts: minimum P = 0.001 for phonological awareness with a paternal effect in the first cohort and minimum P = 0.0004 for irregular word reading with a maternal effect in the second cohort. Allelic and parental trends were not consistent when compared to the original study. CONCLUSIONS: A parent-of-origin effect at this locus was detected in both cohorts, albeit with different trends. These findings contribute in interpreting the original GWAS report and support further investigations of the NOP9 locus and its role in language-related traits. A systematic evaluation of parent-of-origin effects in genetic association studies has the potential to reveal novel mechanisms underlying complex traits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-016-9157-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=349 [article] Further evidence for a parent-of-origin effect at the NOP9 locus on language-related phenotypes [texte imprimé] / Kerry A. PETTIGREW, Auteur ; Emily FRINTON, Auteur ; Ron NUDEL, Auteur ; May T.M. CHAN, Auteur ; Paul THOMPSON, Auteur ; Marianna E. HAYIOU-THOMAS, Auteur ; Joel B. TALCOTT, Auteur ; John STEIN, Auteur ; A.P. MONACO, Auteur ; Charles HULME, Auteur ; Margaret J. SNOWLING, Auteur ; Dianne F. NEWBURY, Auteur ; Silvia PARACCHINI, Auteur . - 2016 . - p.24. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 8-1 (December 2016) . - p.24 Mots-clés : Candidate gene  Dyslexia  Genetic association  Language impairment  Parent-of-origin Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Specific language impairment (SLI) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder, observed in 5-10 % of children. Family and twin studies suggest a strong genetic component, but relatively few candidate genes have been reported to date. A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) described the first statistically significant association specifically for a SLI cohort between a missense variant (rs4280164) in the NOP9 gene and language-related phenotypes under a parent-of-origin model. Replications of these findings are particularly challenging because the availability of parental DNA is required. METHODS: We used two independent family-based cohorts characterised with reading- and language-related traits: a longitudinal cohort (n = 106 informative families) including children with language and reading difficulties and a nuclear family cohort (n = 264 families) selected for dyslexia. RESULTS: We observed association with language-related measures when modelling for parent-of-origin effects at the NOP9 locus in both cohorts: minimum P = 0.001 for phonological awareness with a paternal effect in the first cohort and minimum P = 0.0004 for irregular word reading with a maternal effect in the second cohort. Allelic and parental trends were not consistent when compared to the original study. CONCLUSIONS: A parent-of-origin effect at this locus was detected in both cohorts, albeit with different trends. These findings contribute in interpreting the original GWAS report and support further investigations of the NOP9 locus and its role in language-related traits. A systematic evaluation of parent-of-origin effects in genetic association studies has the potential to reveal novel mechanisms underlying complex traits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-016-9157-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=349

Generalist genes and learning disabilities: a multivariate genetic analysis of low performance in reading, mathematics, language and general cognitive ability in a sample of 8000 12-year-old twins / Claire Margaret Alison HAWORTH in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50-10 (October 2009)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 50-10 (October 2009) . - p.1328-1325 Titre : Generalist genes and learning disabilities: a multivariate genetic analysis of low performance in reading, mathematics, language and general cognitive ability in a sample of 8000 12-year-old twins Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Claire Margaret Alison HAWORTH, Auteur ; Stephen A. PETRILL, Auteur ; Yulia KOVAS, Auteur ; Philip S. DALE, Auteur ; Nicole HARLAAR, Auteur ; Robert PLOMIN, Auteur ; Marianna E. HAYIOU-THOMAS, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : p.1328-1325 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Learning-disability twins behavioral-genetics generalist-genes Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Our previous investigation found that the same genes influence poor reading and mathematics performance in 10-year-olds. Here we assess whether this finding extends to language and general cognitive disabilities, as well as replicating the earlier finding for reading and mathematics in an older and larger sample. Methods: Using a representative sample of 4000 pairs of 12-year-old twins from the UK Twins Early Development Study, we investigated the genetic and environmental overlap between internet-based batteries of language and general cognitive ability tests in addition to tests of reading and mathematics for the bottom 15% of the distribution using DeFries–Fulker extremes analysis. We compared these results to those for the entire distribution. Results: All four traits were highly correlated at the low extreme (average group phenotypic correlation = .58). and in the entire distribution (average phenotypic correlation = .59). Genetic correlations for the low extreme were consistently high (average = .67), and non-shared environmental correlations were modest (average = .23). These results are similar to those seen across the entire distribution (.68 and .23, respectively). Conclusions: The 'Generalist Genes Hypothesis' holds for language and general cognitive disabilities, as well as reading and mathematics disabilities. Genetic correlations were high, indicating a strong degree of overlap in genetic influences on these diverse traits. In contrast, non-shared environmental influences were largely specific to each trait, causing phenotypic differentiation of traits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02114.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=839 [article] Generalist genes and learning disabilities: a multivariate genetic analysis of low performance in reading, mathematics, language and general cognitive ability in a sample of 8000 12-year-old twins [texte imprimé] / Claire Margaret Alison HAWORTH, Auteur ; Stephen A. PETRILL, Auteur ; Yulia KOVAS, Auteur ; Philip S. DALE, Auteur ; Nicole HARLAAR, Auteur ; Robert PLOMIN, Auteur ; Marianna E. HAYIOU-THOMAS, Auteur . - 2009 . - p.1328-1325. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 50-10 (October 2009) . - p.1328-1325 Mots-clés : Learning-disability twins behavioral-genetics generalist-genes Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Our previous investigation found that the same genes influence poor reading and mathematics performance in 10-year-olds. Here we assess whether this finding extends to language and general cognitive disabilities, as well as replicating the earlier finding for reading and mathematics in an older and larger sample. Methods: Using a representative sample of 4000 pairs of 12-year-old twins from the UK Twins Early Development Study, we investigated the genetic and environmental overlap between internet-based batteries of language and general cognitive ability tests in addition to tests of reading and mathematics for the bottom 15% of the distribution using DeFries–Fulker extremes analysis. We compared these results to those for the entire distribution. Results: All four traits were highly correlated at the low extreme (average group phenotypic correlation = .58). and in the entire distribution (average phenotypic correlation = .59). Genetic correlations for the low extreme were consistently high (average = .67), and non-shared environmental correlations were modest (average = .23). These results are similar to those seen across the entire distribution (.68 and .23, respectively). Conclusions: The 'Generalist Genes Hypothesis' holds for language and general cognitive disabilities, as well as reading and mathematics disabilities. Genetic correlations were high, indicating a strong degree of overlap in genetic influences on these diverse traits. In contrast, non-shared environmental influences were largely specific to each trait, causing phenotypic differentiation of traits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02114.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=839

Mind-Mindedness and Stress in Parents of Children with Developmental Disorders / Fionnuala LARKIN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51-2 (February 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-2 (February 2021) . - p.600-612 Titre : Mind-Mindedness and Stress in Parents of Children with Developmental Disorders Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Fionnuala LARKIN, Auteur ; Marianna E. HAYIOU-THOMAS, Auteur ; Zaynah ARSHAD, Auteur ; Matthew LEONARD, Auteur ; Frances J. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Nicoletta KATSENIOU, Auteur ; Rania N. MALOUTA, Auteur ; Charlotte R.P. MARSHALL, Auteur ; Maria DIAMANTOPOULOU, Auteur ; Etonia TANG, Auteur ; Sneha MANI, Auteur ; Elizabeth MEINS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.600-612 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Developmental disorders  Mind-mindedness  Parental attributions  Parenting stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Relations between mind-mindedness (assessed using the describe-your-child interview) and stress were investigated in parents of children with developmental disorders (ADHD, n = 51, ASD, n = 23, Down's Syndrome, n = 38, and 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome, 22q11.2DS, n = 32) and typically-developing children (n = 89). Mind-mindedness did not differ across diagnostic groups, and mind-mindedness predicted parenting stress across groups. Parenting stress was lowest in the typically-developing and Down's Syndrome groups. Across all groups, mind-minded and positive descriptions predicted lower parenting stress, and negative descriptions predicted higher stress. In the developmental disorder groups, describing the children with reference to their disorder was negatively correlated with mind-mindedness. Results are discussed with regard to interventions for families where children have developmental disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04570-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=440 [article] Mind-Mindedness and Stress in Parents of Children with Developmental Disorders [texte imprimé] / Fionnuala LARKIN, Auteur ; Marianna E. HAYIOU-THOMAS, Auteur ; Zaynah ARSHAD, Auteur ; Matthew LEONARD, Auteur ; Frances J. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Nicoletta KATSENIOU, Auteur ; Rania N. MALOUTA, Auteur ; Charlotte R.P. MARSHALL, Auteur ; Maria DIAMANTOPOULOU, Auteur ; Etonia TANG, Auteur ; Sneha MANI, Auteur ; Elizabeth MEINS, Auteur . - p.600-612. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-2 (February 2021) . - p.600-612 Mots-clés : Developmental disorders  Mind-mindedness  Parental attributions  Parenting stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Relations between mind-mindedness (assessed using the describe-your-child interview) and stress were investigated in parents of children with developmental disorders (ADHD, n = 51, ASD, n = 23, Down's Syndrome, n = 38, and 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome, 22q11.2DS, n = 32) and typically-developing children (n = 89). Mind-mindedness did not differ across diagnostic groups, and mind-mindedness predicted parenting stress across groups. Parenting stress was lowest in the typically-developing and Down's Syndrome groups. Across all groups, mind-minded and positive descriptions predicted lower parenting stress, and negative descriptions predicted higher stress. In the developmental disorder groups, describing the children with reference to their disorder was negatively correlated with mind-mindedness. Results are discussed with regard to interventions for families where children have developmental disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04570-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=440

When does speech sound disorder matter for literacy? The role of disordered speech errors, co-occurring language impairment and family risk of dyslexia / Marianna E. HAYIOU-THOMAS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-2 (February 2017)  

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