Dépouillements

Eye Movement Sequences during Simple versus Complex Information Processing of Scenes in Autism Spectrum Disorder / Sheena K. AU-YEUNG in Autism Research and Treatment, (June 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research and Treatment > (June 2011) . - 7 p. Titre : Eye Movement Sequences during Simple versus Complex Information Processing of Scenes in Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sheena K. AU-YEUNG, Auteur ; Valerie BENSON, Auteur ; Monica S. CASTELHANO, Auteur ; Keith RAYNER, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : 7 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Minshew and Goldstein (1998) postulated that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a disorder of complex information processing. The current study was designed to investigate this hypothesis. Participants with and without ASD completed two scene perception tasks: a simple “spot the difference” task, where they had to say which one of a pair of pictures had a detail missing, and a complex “which one's weird” task, where they had to decide which one of a pair of pictures looks “weird”. Participants with ASD did not differ from TD participants in their ability to accurately identify the target picture in both tasks. However, analysis of the eye movement sequences showed that participants with ASD viewed scenes differently from normal controls exclusively for the complex task. This difference in eye movement patterns, and the method used to examine different patterns, adds to the knowledge base regarding eye movements and ASD. Our results are in accordance with Minshew and Goldstein's theory that complex, but not simple, information processing is impaired in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/657383 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=141 [article] Eye Movement Sequences during Simple versus Complex Information Processing of Scenes in Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sheena K. AU-YEUNG, Auteur ; Valerie BENSON, Auteur ; Monica S. CASTELHANO, Auteur ; Keith RAYNER, Auteur . - 2011 . - 7 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research and Treatment > (June 2011) . - 7 p. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Minshew and Goldstein (1998) postulated that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a disorder of complex information processing. The current study was designed to investigate this hypothesis. Participants with and without ASD completed two scene perception tasks: a simple “spot the difference” task, where they had to say which one of a pair of pictures had a detail missing, and a complex “which one's weird” task, where they had to decide which one of a pair of pictures looks “weird”. Participants with ASD did not differ from TD participants in their ability to accurately identify the target picture in both tasks. However, analysis of the eye movement sequences showed that participants with ASD viewed scenes differently from normal controls exclusively for the complex task. This difference in eye movement patterns, and the method used to examine different patterns, adds to the knowledge base regarding eye movements and ASD. Our results are in accordance with Minshew and Goldstein's theory that complex, but not simple, information processing is impaired in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/657383 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=141

Autism, Context/Noncontext Information Processing, and Atypical Development / John R. SKOYLES in Autism Research and Treatment, (June 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research and Treatment > (June 2011) . - 14 p. Titre : Autism, Context/Noncontext Information Processing, and Atypical Development Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : John R. SKOYLES, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : 14 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism has been attributed to a deficit in contextual information processing. Attempts to understand autism in terms of such a defect, however, do not include more recent computational work upon context. This work has identified that context information processing depends upon the extraction and use of the information hidden in higher-order (or indirect) associations. Higher-order associations underlie the cognition of context rather than that of situations. This paper starts by examining the differences between higher-order and first-order (or direct) associations. Higher-order associations link entities not directly (as with first-order ones) but indirectly through all the connections they have via other entities. Extracting this information requires the processing of past episodes as a totality. As a result, this extraction depends upon specialised extraction processes separate from cognition. This information is then consolidated. Due to this difference, the extraction/consolidation of higher-order information can be impaired whilst cognition remains intact. Although not directly impaired, cognition will be indirectly impaired by knock on effects such as cognition compensating for absent higher-order information with information extracted from first-order associations. This paper discusses the implications of this for the inflexible, literal/immediate, and inappropriate information processing of autistic individuals. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/681627 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=149 [article] Autism, Context/Noncontext Information Processing, and Atypical Development [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / John R. SKOYLES, Auteur . - 2011 . - 14 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research and Treatment > (June 2011) . - 14 p. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism has been attributed to a deficit in contextual information processing. Attempts to understand autism in terms of such a defect, however, do not include more recent computational work upon context. This work has identified that context information processing depends upon the extraction and use of the information hidden in higher-order (or indirect) associations. Higher-order associations underlie the cognition of context rather than that of situations. This paper starts by examining the differences between higher-order and first-order (or direct) associations. Higher-order associations link entities not directly (as with first-order ones) but indirectly through all the connections they have via other entities. Extracting this information requires the processing of past episodes as a totality. As a result, this extraction depends upon specialised extraction processes separate from cognition. This information is then consolidated. Due to this difference, the extraction/consolidation of higher-order information can be impaired whilst cognition remains intact. Although not directly impaired, cognition will be indirectly impaired by knock on effects such as cognition compensating for absent higher-order information with information extracted from first-order associations. This paper discusses the implications of this for the inflexible, literal/immediate, and inappropriate information processing of autistic individuals. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/681627 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=149

Parent Report of Community Psychiatric Comorbid Diagnoses in Autism Spectrum Disorders / Rebecca E. ROSENBERG in Autism Research and Treatment, (June 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research and Treatment > (June 2011) . - 10 p. Titre : Parent Report of Community Psychiatric Comorbid Diagnoses in Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rebecca E. ROSENBERG, Auteur ; Walter E. KAUFMANN, Auteur ; J. Kiely LAW, Auteur ; Paul A. LAW, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : 10 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We used a national online registry to examine variation in cumulative prevalence of community diagnosis of psychiatric comorbidity in 4343 children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Adjusted multivariate logistic regression models compared influence of individual, family, and geographic factors on cumulative prevalence of parent-reported anxiety disorder, depression, bipolar disorder, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder or attention deficit disorder. Adjusted odds of community-assigned lifetime psychiatric comorbidity were significantly higher with each additional year of life, with increasing autism severity, and with Asperger syndrome and pervasive developmental disorder—not otherwise specified compared with autistic disorder. Overall, in this largest study of parent-reported community diagnoses of psychiatric comorbidity, gender, autistic regression, autism severity, and type of ASD all emerged as significant factors correlating with cumulative prevalence. These findings could suggest both underlying trends in actual comorbidity as well as variation in community interpretation and application of comorbid diagnoses in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/405849 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=149 [article] Parent Report of Community Psychiatric Comorbid Diagnoses in Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rebecca E. ROSENBERG, Auteur ; Walter E. KAUFMANN, Auteur ; J. Kiely LAW, Auteur ; Paul A. LAW, Auteur . - 2011 . - 10 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research and Treatment > (June 2011) . - 10 p. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We used a national online registry to examine variation in cumulative prevalence of community diagnosis of psychiatric comorbidity in 4343 children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Adjusted multivariate logistic regression models compared influence of individual, family, and geographic factors on cumulative prevalence of parent-reported anxiety disorder, depression, bipolar disorder, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder or attention deficit disorder. Adjusted odds of community-assigned lifetime psychiatric comorbidity were significantly higher with each additional year of life, with increasing autism severity, and with Asperger syndrome and pervasive developmental disorder—not otherwise specified compared with autistic disorder. Overall, in this largest study of parent-reported community diagnoses of psychiatric comorbidity, gender, autistic regression, autism severity, and type of ASD all emerged as significant factors correlating with cumulative prevalence. These findings could suggest both underlying trends in actual comorbidity as well as variation in community interpretation and application of comorbid diagnoses in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/405849 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=149