[article]
| Titre : |
Pathogenic factors in idiopathic mental retardation |
| Type de document : |
Texte imprimé et/ou numérique |
| Auteurs : |
Hanan COSTEFF, Auteur ; Bernard COHEN, Auteur ; Leonard WELLER, Auteur ; Howard KLECKNER, Auteur |
| Année de publication : |
1981 |
| Article en page(s) : |
p.484-493 |
| Langues : |
Anglais (eng) |
| Index. décimale : |
PER Périodiques |
| Résumé : |
Pathogenic factors in a mentally retarded population were evaluated by comparing their frequency among three groups of patients: a control group with predominantly genetic retardation and consanguineous parents; a group with severe idiopathic retardation and unrelated parents; and a group with mild idiopathic retardation and unrelated parents. Seven factors were found to be significantly more common among the patients with idiopathic retardation than in the genetic control group: a history of maternal reproductive inefficiency; bleeding during pregnancy; toxemia during pregnancy; signs of perinatal stress; neonatal anoxia; neonatal jaundice; and seizures during the first year of life. A history of repeated maternal abortions was particularly associated with mild retardation, and infantile seizures were particularly associated with severe retardation. The latter association remained significant even after exclusion of all infantile spasms, neonatal seizures and symptomatic seizures. Since the control group in this study was composed mainly of genetically retarded patients, the associations observed seem likely to be related to the causes of retardation rather than simply being the effects of a damaged fetus.
PIP: Several complications and diseases of pregnancy, delivery, and infancy have been found to be more prevalent among the mentally retarded than among normal children. In the course of reviewing 904 families of retarded children examined at the Tel Hashomer Assessment Center for the retarded (Israel), a group of 87 children with a nonspecific phenotype were isolated. Genetic analysis showed this to be of 75% autosomal recessive etiology. These mainly genetically retarded patients were used as a control group to assess a number of pathogenic factors in mental retardation. 3 groups of retarded patients with complete and reliable medical histories were compared: 87 retarded children with unidifferentiated phenotype, whose parents had normal intelligence and were either uncle-niece pairs or 1st cousins, and intelligence quotients (IQs) were less than 50 in 61 of these cases and between 50 and 69 in the remaining 26; 161 cases with idiopathic retardation with unrelated parents of normal intelligence, without retarded siblings; and 75 idiopathic retarded cases similar to the group of 161 cases but with only mild retardation. Complications of pregnancy, labor, and infancy were seen in 21 of the 61 control retarded groups with IQs under 50 and in 9 of the 26 with IQs 50 to 69. They were observed in 100 of the 161 cases of severe idiopathic retardation and in 53 of the 75 cases of mild idiopathic retardation. 11 factors were common enough to permit individual analysis: maternal age; history of multiple or recent spontaneous abortions; bleeding during pregnancy; toxemia; prematurity; low birthweight at term; signs of fetal or neonatal distress; neonatal anoxia; significant neonatal jaundice; convulsions during the 1st year of life; and evidence of early maternal neglect or chronic infantile illness. Maternal age over 35 at the time of birth was of no etiological importance. Abortions, either multiple or in the immediately preceding or subsequent pregnancy, were more than twice as common in the cases of mild idiopathic retardation as in the control group. The group with severe idiopathic retardation showed only a slight, insignificant increase in maternal abortions relative to the control group. Bleeding during early or middle pregnancy was more than 3 times as common in both the mild and severe idiopathic retarded groups as in the control group of homozygotes. Toxemia of pregnancy was twice as common among those with mild idiopathic retardation and 2-1/2 times as common in severe idiopathic retardation compared with the homozygote control group. Prematurity and low birthweight showed only a slight and nonsignificant rise in the 2 idiopathic groups relative to the controls. Signs of perinatal stress were practically nonexistent in the controls and were significantly more common in both the mild and severe idiopathic groups. Neonatal anoxia requiring some degree of medical attention was about 3 times as common in the 2 test groups. Events of neglect were as common in the control as in the other groups. Seizure prevalence in the 1st year of life showed a nonsignificant increase in the mild idiopathic group and an increase of marked significance in the severe idiopathic group relative to the controls. |
| Permalink : |
https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=522 |
in Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology > 23-4 (August 1981) . - p.484-493
[article] Pathogenic factors in idiopathic mental retardation [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Hanan COSTEFF, Auteur ; Bernard COHEN, Auteur ; Leonard WELLER, Auteur ; Howard KLECKNER, Auteur . - 1981 . - p.484-493. Langues : Anglais ( eng) in Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology > 23-4 (August 1981) . - p.484-493
| Index. décimale : |
PER Périodiques |
| Résumé : |
Pathogenic factors in a mentally retarded population were evaluated by comparing their frequency among three groups of patients: a control group with predominantly genetic retardation and consanguineous parents; a group with severe idiopathic retardation and unrelated parents; and a group with mild idiopathic retardation and unrelated parents. Seven factors were found to be significantly more common among the patients with idiopathic retardation than in the genetic control group: a history of maternal reproductive inefficiency; bleeding during pregnancy; toxemia during pregnancy; signs of perinatal stress; neonatal anoxia; neonatal jaundice; and seizures during the first year of life. A history of repeated maternal abortions was particularly associated with mild retardation, and infantile seizures were particularly associated with severe retardation. The latter association remained significant even after exclusion of all infantile spasms, neonatal seizures and symptomatic seizures. Since the control group in this study was composed mainly of genetically retarded patients, the associations observed seem likely to be related to the causes of retardation rather than simply being the effects of a damaged fetus.
PIP: Several complications and diseases of pregnancy, delivery, and infancy have been found to be more prevalent among the mentally retarded than among normal children. In the course of reviewing 904 families of retarded children examined at the Tel Hashomer Assessment Center for the retarded (Israel), a group of 87 children with a nonspecific phenotype were isolated. Genetic analysis showed this to be of 75% autosomal recessive etiology. These mainly genetically retarded patients were used as a control group to assess a number of pathogenic factors in mental retardation. 3 groups of retarded patients with complete and reliable medical histories were compared: 87 retarded children with unidifferentiated phenotype, whose parents had normal intelligence and were either uncle-niece pairs or 1st cousins, and intelligence quotients (IQs) were less than 50 in 61 of these cases and between 50 and 69 in the remaining 26; 161 cases with idiopathic retardation with unrelated parents of normal intelligence, without retarded siblings; and 75 idiopathic retarded cases similar to the group of 161 cases but with only mild retardation. Complications of pregnancy, labor, and infancy were seen in 21 of the 61 control retarded groups with IQs under 50 and in 9 of the 26 with IQs 50 to 69. They were observed in 100 of the 161 cases of severe idiopathic retardation and in 53 of the 75 cases of mild idiopathic retardation. 11 factors were common enough to permit individual analysis: maternal age; history of multiple or recent spontaneous abortions; bleeding during pregnancy; toxemia; prematurity; low birthweight at term; signs of fetal or neonatal distress; neonatal anoxia; significant neonatal jaundice; convulsions during the 1st year of life; and evidence of early maternal neglect or chronic infantile illness. Maternal age over 35 at the time of birth was of no etiological importance. Abortions, either multiple or in the immediately preceding or subsequent pregnancy, were more than twice as common in the cases of mild idiopathic retardation as in the control group. The group with severe idiopathic retardation showed only a slight, insignificant increase in maternal abortions relative to the control group. Bleeding during early or middle pregnancy was more than 3 times as common in both the mild and severe idiopathic retarded groups as in the control group of homozygotes. Toxemia of pregnancy was twice as common among those with mild idiopathic retardation and 2-1/2 times as common in severe idiopathic retardation compared with the homozygote control group. Prematurity and low birthweight showed only a slight and nonsignificant rise in the 2 idiopathic groups relative to the controls. Signs of perinatal stress were practically nonexistent in the controls and were significantly more common in both the mild and severe idiopathic groups. Neonatal anoxia requiring some degree of medical attention was about 3 times as common in the 2 test groups. Events of neglect were as common in the control as in the other groups. Seizure prevalence in the 1st year of life showed a nonsignificant increase in the mild idiopathic group and an increase of marked significance in the severe idiopathic group relative to the controls. |
| Permalink : |
https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=522 |
|
Faire une suggestion Affiner la recherchePathogenic factors in idiopathic mental retardation / Hanan COSTEFF in Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 23-4 (August 1981)
