Assessing Restricted and Repetitive Behaviours in Online-Sampled Autistic and Non-autistic Individuals: Factor Structure of the Repetitive Behaviours Questionnaire for Adults (RBQ-2A) / Jack D. BRETT in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 54-6 (June 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 54-6 (June 2024) . - p.2138-2147 Titre : Assessing Restricted and Repetitive Behaviours in Online-Sampled Autistic and Non-autistic Individuals: Factor Structure of the Repetitive Behaviours Questionnaire for Adults (RBQ-2A) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jack D. BRETT, Auteur ; Brooke PEDEN, Auteur ; David A. PREECE, Auteur ; Andrew WHITEHOUSE, Auteur ; Rodrigo BECERRA, Auteur ; Murray T. MAYBERY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2138-2147 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Repetitive Behaviours Questionnaire for Adults (RBQ-2A) measures two factors of restricted and repetitive behaviours (RRBs) associated with autism. However, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) provides four criteria for RRBs: repetitive motor behaviours, insistence on sameness, restricted interests, and interest in sensory aspects of the environment (or atypical sensitivity). The current paper aimed to examine whether the RBQ-2A is a psychometrically sound measure of these four factors. Study 1 had university students (N = 368) complete the RBQ-2A and other related measures online and revealed that the RBQ-2A can assess the factors highlighted in the DSM-5 and that these four factors comprise a general RRB construct. Study 2 had individuals disclosing a diagnosis of autism (N = 283) complete the RBQ-2A and other related measures online and supported that this four-factor structure provided good psychometric properties. While the current paper provides findings for an online autistic population, further research is needed to generalize these findings to autistic individuals less likely to partake in online studies (e.g., those with intellectual or language disabilities). Overall, the results suggest that the RBQ-2A reliably and validly assesses RRBs. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-023-05977-w Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=530 [article] Assessing Restricted and Repetitive Behaviours in Online-Sampled Autistic and Non-autistic Individuals: Factor Structure of the Repetitive Behaviours Questionnaire for Adults (RBQ-2A) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jack D. BRETT, Auteur ; Brooke PEDEN, Auteur ; David A. PREECE, Auteur ; Andrew WHITEHOUSE, Auteur ; Rodrigo BECERRA, Auteur ; Murray T. MAYBERY, Auteur . - p.2138-2147. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 54-6 (June 2024) . - p.2138-2147 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Repetitive Behaviours Questionnaire for Adults (RBQ-2A) measures two factors of restricted and repetitive behaviours (RRBs) associated with autism. However, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) provides four criteria for RRBs: repetitive motor behaviours, insistence on sameness, restricted interests, and interest in sensory aspects of the environment (or atypical sensitivity). The current paper aimed to examine whether the RBQ-2A is a psychometrically sound measure of these four factors. Study 1 had university students (N = 368) complete the RBQ-2A and other related measures online and revealed that the RBQ-2A can assess the factors highlighted in the DSM-5 and that these four factors comprise a general RRB construct. Study 2 had individuals disclosing a diagnosis of autism (N = 283) complete the RBQ-2A and other related measures online and supported that this four-factor structure provided good psychometric properties. While the current paper provides findings for an online autistic population, further research is needed to generalize these findings to autistic individuals less likely to partake in online studies (e.g., those with intellectual or language disabilities). Overall, the results suggest that the RBQ-2A reliably and validly assesses RRBs. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-023-05977-w Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=530

Eye Gaze in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review of Neural Evidence for the Eye Avoidance Hypothesis / Nicole STUART in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 53-5 (May 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 53-5 (May 2023) . - p.1884-1905 Titre : Eye Gaze in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review of Neural Evidence for the Eye Avoidance Hypothesis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Nicole STUART, Auteur ; Andrew WHITEHOUSE, Auteur ; Romina PALERMO, Auteur ; Ellen BOTHE, Auteur ; Nicholas BADCOCK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1884-1905 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Reduced eye contact early in life may play a role in the developmental pathways that culminate in a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. However, there are contradictory theories regarding the neural mechanisms involved. According to the amygdala theory of autism, reduced eye contact results from a hypoactive amygdala that fails to flag eyes as salient. However, the eye avoidance hypothesis proposes the opposite-that amygdala hyperactivity causes eye avoidance. This review evaluated studies that measured the relationship between eye gaze and activity in the 'social brain' when viewing facial stimuli. Of the reviewed studies, eight of eleven supported the eye avoidance hypothesis. These results suggest eye avoidance may be used to reduce amygdala-related hyperarousal among people on the autism spectrum. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-022-05443-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=500 [article] Eye Gaze in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review of Neural Evidence for the Eye Avoidance Hypothesis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Nicole STUART, Auteur ; Andrew WHITEHOUSE, Auteur ; Romina PALERMO, Auteur ; Ellen BOTHE, Auteur ; Nicholas BADCOCK, Auteur . - p.1884-1905. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 53-5 (May 2023) . - p.1884-1905 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Reduced eye contact early in life may play a role in the developmental pathways that culminate in a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. However, there are contradictory theories regarding the neural mechanisms involved. According to the amygdala theory of autism, reduced eye contact results from a hypoactive amygdala that fails to flag eyes as salient. However, the eye avoidance hypothesis proposes the opposite-that amygdala hyperactivity causes eye avoidance. This review evaluated studies that measured the relationship between eye gaze and activity in the 'social brain' when viewing facial stimuli. Of the reviewed studies, eight of eleven supported the eye avoidance hypothesis. These results suggest eye avoidance may be used to reduce amygdala-related hyperarousal among people on the autism spectrum. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-022-05443-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=500

The use of psychotropic medications in autistic individuals (21?years and younger) in Western Australia: A preliminary investigation / Kim WATKINS ; Richard PARSONS ; Bruce SUNDERLAND ; Andrew WHITEHOUSE ; Rima CACCETTA in Autism, 28-8 (August 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-8 (August 2024) . - p.2002-2013 Titre : The use of psychotropic medications in autistic individuals (21?years and younger) in Western Australia: A preliminary investigation Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kim WATKINS, Auteur ; Richard PARSONS, Auteur ; Bruce SUNDERLAND, Auteur ; Andrew WHITEHOUSE, Auteur ; Rima CACCETTA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2002-2013 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adolescent  antidepressant agents  anxiety  autism spectrum disorder medication  child  depression  mental health  psychotropic  risperidone Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is a significant variability in the prevalence of psychotropic medication use among young autistic persons worldwide and this is under-studied in Australia. Apart from risperidone, approved by the Therapeutic Goods Administration to manage challenging behaviour, the appropriateness of other psychotropic medications prescribed to young autistic persons warrants scrutiny. This retrospective study aims to gain initial insight into the magnitude, types and indications of psychotropic medication use in autistic children and adolescents in Western Australia. We analysed de-identified data from 239 autistic children and adolescents (?21?years) who participated in the Western Australian Autism Biological Registry between 2011 and 2015 and who completed a questionnaire regarding medication use. One-quarter (n = 66, 28%) of young autistic people reported using a total of 137 medications. Most (n = 46, 70%) of those medicated were under 12?years of age; half (n = 33) were 6-12?years and a fifth (n = 13) were under 6?years. The most used medications were stimulants (n = 35, 53.0%), followed by antidepressants (n = 24, 36.4%), antiepileptics (n = 21, 31.8%), sedatives (n = 15, 22.7%) and antipsychotics (n = 14, 21.2%). These medications were mainly to manage attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, challenging behaviours, seizures, insomnia, undefined anxiety, depression and mood instability. While most autistic young people in the Western Australian Autism Biological Registry did not report using psychotropic medication, over a quarter were prescribed medications, primarily stimulants, to manage symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Various medications, including risperidone, were used to help manage challenging behaviours. Medication use should be studied more comprehensively in a larger cohort of autistic persons to confirm our current preliminary observations. Further, future studies should monitor the effectiveness and safety outcomes of such medications due to a limited understanding of their effectiveness in managing the atypical presentation of co-occurring disorders in young autistic persons. Lay abstract Prescriptions and use of medications to treat mental health conditions in young autistic populations are inconsistent worldwide. This makes it hard to compare findings from international studies to the Australian autistic population, where there are limited relevant studies. Apart from risperidone, there are no other medications specified for direct use in autistic persons. This study aims to gain initial broad understanding of the use of medications, commonly prescribed for mental health conditions, specifically by autistics under the age of 21?years. We analysed data that were previously collected as part of the Western Australian Autism Biological Registry between 2011 and 2015 which amounted to 239 surveys completed on young persons with diagnosed autism. The questionnaires included information on co-occurring conditions, current or previous use of medications and reasons for use of the medications. Only one-quarter of the participants in this study reported using at least one mental health-related medication in their lifetime. The most reported medications were stimulants, antidepressants and antiepileptics. The reasons for using medication included managing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, challenging behaviours, seizures, sleep difficulties and symptoms of anxiety and depression. The number of individuals reporting medication use in this study was lower compared to other developed countries. Nevertheless, these medications should be monitored due to limited understanding of their use to manage co-occurring symptoms in young autistic persons. The findings highlight the importance of ongoing research to better understand mental health-related medications and inform best practice. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231226099 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=533 [article] The use of psychotropic medications in autistic individuals (21?years and younger) in Western Australia: A preliminary investigation [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kim WATKINS, Auteur ; Richard PARSONS, Auteur ; Bruce SUNDERLAND, Auteur ; Andrew WHITEHOUSE, Auteur ; Rima CACCETTA, Auteur . - p.2002-2013. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-8 (August 2024) . - p.2002-2013 Mots-clés : adolescent  antidepressant agents  anxiety  autism spectrum disorder medication  child  depression  mental health  psychotropic  risperidone Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is a significant variability in the prevalence of psychotropic medication use among young autistic persons worldwide and this is under-studied in Australia. Apart from risperidone, approved by the Therapeutic Goods Administration to manage challenging behaviour, the appropriateness of other psychotropic medications prescribed to young autistic persons warrants scrutiny. This retrospective study aims to gain initial insight into the magnitude, types and indications of psychotropic medication use in autistic children and adolescents in Western Australia. We analysed de-identified data from 239 autistic children and adolescents (?21?years) who participated in the Western Australian Autism Biological Registry between 2011 and 2015 and who completed a questionnaire regarding medication use. One-quarter (n = 66, 28%) of young autistic people reported using a total of 137 medications. Most (n = 46, 70%) of those medicated were under 12?years of age; half (n = 33) were 6-12?years and a fifth (n = 13) were under 6?years. The most used medications were stimulants (n = 35, 53.0%), followed by antidepressants (n = 24, 36.4%), antiepileptics (n = 21, 31.8%), sedatives (n = 15, 22.7%) and antipsychotics (n = 14, 21.2%). These medications were mainly to manage attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, challenging behaviours, seizures, insomnia, undefined anxiety, depression and mood instability. While most autistic young people in the Western Australian Autism Biological Registry did not report using psychotropic medication, over a quarter were prescribed medications, primarily stimulants, to manage symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Various medications, including risperidone, were used to help manage challenging behaviours. Medication use should be studied more comprehensively in a larger cohort of autistic persons to confirm our current preliminary observations. Further, future studies should monitor the effectiveness and safety outcomes of such medications due to a limited understanding of their effectiveness in managing the atypical presentation of co-occurring disorders in young autistic persons. Lay abstract Prescriptions and use of medications to treat mental health conditions in young autistic populations are inconsistent worldwide. This makes it hard to compare findings from international studies to the Australian autistic population, where there are limited relevant studies. Apart from risperidone, there are no other medications specified for direct use in autistic persons. This study aims to gain initial broad understanding of the use of medications, commonly prescribed for mental health conditions, specifically by autistics under the age of 21?years. We analysed data that were previously collected as part of the Western Australian Autism Biological Registry between 2011 and 2015 which amounted to 239 surveys completed on young persons with diagnosed autism. The questionnaires included information on co-occurring conditions, current or previous use of medications and reasons for use of the medications. Only one-quarter of the participants in this study reported using at least one mental health-related medication in their lifetime. The most reported medications were stimulants, antidepressants and antiepileptics. The reasons for using medication included managing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, challenging behaviours, seizures, sleep difficulties and symptoms of anxiety and depression. The number of individuals reporting medication use in this study was lower compared to other developed countries. Nevertheless, these medications should be monitored due to limited understanding of their use to manage co-occurring symptoms in young autistic persons. The findings highlight the importance of ongoing research to better understand mental health-related medications and inform best practice. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231226099 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=533

Validating the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Core Sets for Autism in a Sample of Australian School-Aged Children on the Spectrum / Maya HAYDEN-EVANS in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 55-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 55-4 (April 2024) . - p.1424-1437 Titre : Validating the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Core Sets for Autism in a Sample of Australian School-Aged Children on the Spectrum Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Maya HAYDEN-EVANS, Auteur ; Kiah EVANS, Auteur ; Benjamin MILBOURN, Auteur ; Emily D?ARCY, Auteur ; Angela CHAMBERLAIN, Auteur ; Bahareh AFSHARNEJAD, Auteur ; Andrew WHITEHOUSE, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; Sonya GIRDLER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1424-1437 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Assessing functioning of children on the autism spectrum is necessary to determine the level of support they require to participate in everyday activities across contexts. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is a comprehensive biopsychosocial framework recommended for classifying health-related functioning in a holistic manner, across the components of body functions, activities and participation, and environmental factors. The ICF Core Sets (ICF-CSs) are sub-sets of relevant codes from the broader framework that provide a basis for developing condition-specific measures. This study combined the ICF-CSs for autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and cerebral palsy (CP) to validate the ICF-CSs for autism in an Australian sample of school-aged children. This cross-sectional study involved caregivers of school-aged children on the spectrum (n = 70) completing an online survey and being visited in their homes by an occupational therapist to complete the proxy-report measure based on the ICF-CSs for autism, ADHD and CP. Absolute and relative frequencies of ratings for each of the codes included in the measure were calculated and reported, along with the number of participants who required clarification to understand the terminology used. Findings indicate that the body functions and activities and participation represented in the ICF-CSs for autism were the most applicable for the sample. However, findings relating to environmental factors were less conclusive. Some codes not currently included in the ICF-CSs for autism may warrant further investigation, and the language used in measures based on the ICF-CSs should be revised to ensure clarity. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-024-06295-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=550 [article] Validating the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Core Sets for Autism in a Sample of Australian School-Aged Children on the Spectrum [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Maya HAYDEN-EVANS, Auteur ; Kiah EVANS, Auteur ; Benjamin MILBOURN, Auteur ; Emily D?ARCY, Auteur ; Angela CHAMBERLAIN, Auteur ; Bahareh AFSHARNEJAD, Auteur ; Andrew WHITEHOUSE, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; Sonya GIRDLER, Auteur . - p.1424-1437. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 55-4 (April 2024) . - p.1424-1437 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Assessing functioning of children on the autism spectrum is necessary to determine the level of support they require to participate in everyday activities across contexts. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is a comprehensive biopsychosocial framework recommended for classifying health-related functioning in a holistic manner, across the components of body functions, activities and participation, and environmental factors. The ICF Core Sets (ICF-CSs) are sub-sets of relevant codes from the broader framework that provide a basis for developing condition-specific measures. This study combined the ICF-CSs for autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and cerebral palsy (CP) to validate the ICF-CSs for autism in an Australian sample of school-aged children. This cross-sectional study involved caregivers of school-aged children on the spectrum (n = 70) completing an online survey and being visited in their homes by an occupational therapist to complete the proxy-report measure based on the ICF-CSs for autism, ADHD and CP. Absolute and relative frequencies of ratings for each of the codes included in the measure were calculated and reported, along with the number of participants who required clarification to understand the terminology used. Findings indicate that the body functions and activities and participation represented in the ICF-CSs for autism were the most applicable for the sample. However, findings relating to environmental factors were less conclusive. Some codes not currently included in the ICF-CSs for autism may warrant further investigation, and the language used in measures based on the ICF-CSs should be revised to ensure clarity. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-024-06295-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=550

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