Socioeconomic and sex inequalities in parent-reported adolescent mental ill-health: time trends in four British birth cohorts / Eoin MCELROY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 64-5 (May 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 64-5 (May 2023) . - p.758-767 Titre : Socioeconomic and sex inequalities in parent-reported adolescent mental ill-health: time trends in four British birth cohorts Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Eoin MCELROY, Auteur ; Marc TIBBER, Auteur ; Pasco FEARON, Auteur ; Praveetha PATALAY, Auteur ; George B. PLOUBIDIS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.758-767 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Studies using symptom-based screeners have suggested that mental ill-health has increased in adolescents in recent decades, however, few studies have tested the equivalence of their instruments, which is critical for inferring changes in prevalence. In addition, little research has explored whether socioeconomic position (SEP) and sex inequalities in adolescent mental health have changed over time. Methods Using structural equation modelling, we explored SEP and sex differences in harmonised parent reports of emotional and behavioural problems, using data from four UK birth cohorts: the 1958 National Child Development Study (NCDS'58; n = 10,868), the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS'70; n = 8,242), the 1991-92 Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC'91; n = 5,389), and the 2000-01 Millennium Cohort Study (MCS'01; n = 9,338). Results Compared with the two earliest cohorts, members of MCS'01 had higher latent mean scores on emotional problems (both sexes), and lower scores on behavioural problems (females only). The associations between four indicators of SEP and emotional problems were strongest in MCS'01, with housing tenure having the strongest association. All four SEP indicators were associated with behavioural problems in each cohort, with housing tenure again more strongly associated with problems in the MCS'01. Mediation analyses suggested that the increase in emotional problems occurred despite broadly improving socioeconomic conditions. Conclusions Our findings suggest that parent reports of adolescent emotional problems, but not behavioural problems, have risen in recent generations and this trend is not solely due to reporting styles. A failure to address widening social inequalities may result in further increases in mental ill-health amongst disadvantaged young people. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13730 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=501 [article] Socioeconomic and sex inequalities in parent-reported adolescent mental ill-health: time trends in four British birth cohorts [texte imprimé] / Eoin MCELROY, Auteur ; Marc TIBBER, Auteur ; Pasco FEARON, Auteur ; Praveetha PATALAY, Auteur ; George B. PLOUBIDIS, Auteur . - p.758-767. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 64-5 (May 2023) . - p.758-767 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Studies using symptom-based screeners have suggested that mental ill-health has increased in adolescents in recent decades, however, few studies have tested the equivalence of their instruments, which is critical for inferring changes in prevalence. In addition, little research has explored whether socioeconomic position (SEP) and sex inequalities in adolescent mental health have changed over time. Methods Using structural equation modelling, we explored SEP and sex differences in harmonised parent reports of emotional and behavioural problems, using data from four UK birth cohorts: the 1958 National Child Development Study (NCDS'58; n = 10,868), the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS'70; n = 8,242), the 1991-92 Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC'91; n = 5,389), and the 2000-01 Millennium Cohort Study (MCS'01; n = 9,338). Results Compared with the two earliest cohorts, members of MCS'01 had higher latent mean scores on emotional problems (both sexes), and lower scores on behavioural problems (females only). The associations between four indicators of SEP and emotional problems were strongest in MCS'01, with housing tenure having the strongest association. All four SEP indicators were associated with behavioural problems in each cohort, with housing tenure again more strongly associated with problems in the MCS'01. Mediation analyses suggested that the increase in emotional problems occurred despite broadly improving socioeconomic conditions. Conclusions Our findings suggest that parent reports of adolescent emotional problems, but not behavioural problems, have risen in recent generations and this trend is not solely due to reporting styles. A failure to address widening social inequalities may result in further increases in mental ill-health amongst disadvantaged young people. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13730 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=501

Visual integration of direction and orientation information in autistic children / Catherine MANNING in Autism & Developmental Language Impairments, 2 (January-December 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism & Developmental Language Impairments > 2 (January-December 2017) Titre : Visual integration of direction and orientation information in autistic children Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Catherine MANNING, Auteur ; Marc S. TIBBER, Auteur ; Steven C. DAKIN, Auteur Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background and aimsThe vision of autistic people has been characterised as focused on detail, with a disinclination (or reduced ability) to integrate information into coherent ?wholes?. In contrast to this view, we recently demonstrated enhanced integration of visual motion signals in autistic children compared to typically developing children. Here, we aimed to investigate the robustness of our finding of increased motion integration in autism with a new sample of children and to determine whether increased integration in autistic children would extend to a static, orientation judgement.MethodsWe presented motion and orientation equivalent noise and coherence tasks to 46 autistic children aged 6 to 14 years and 45 typically developing children matched in age and non-verbal IQ. The equivalent noise tasks consisted of two interleaved conditions: a high-noise condition in which children judged the average direction or orientation of elements whose range of direction or orientations was manipulated, and a no-noise condition in which children judged the direction or orientation of elements sharing the same direction or orientation. Equivalent noise modelling provided estimates of internal noise (the precision with which children can estimate the orientation/direction of one element) and global sampling (how many elements children are effectively using to judge the overall orientation/direction). Children also completed coherence tasks in which the proportion of signal elements sharing the same direction or orientation amidst otherwise random noise elements was manipulated. We assessed group differences using a combination of frequentist and Bayesian statistical approaches.ResultsAnalysis of the data in this new sample alone did not provide sufficient evidence either in favour or against the hypothesis of increased integration in autism. However, when combining motion data from this and the original experiment, autistic children exhibited superior integration of direction information in the high-noise condition compared to typically developing children, with similar no-noise and coherence thresholds. Equivalent noise modelling of these data revealed increased sampling in autistic children for motion information but no conclusive evidence for atypical levels of internal noise. There was no evidence of differences between autistic and typically developing children in the orientation equivalent noise and coherence tasks.ConclusionsOverall, autistic children effectively integrated more direction information than typically developing children. However, the groups overlapped considerably and there was substantial individual variability, so that the effect may be difficult to detect in small groups. There was no indication of atypical integration of orientation in the current study, although larger samples will be required in order to provide conclusive evidence.ImplicationsThese results help characterise the nature of sensory processing in autism, which is of high import and relevance given the recent inclusion of sensory symptoms in diagnostic criteria. Increased integration of motion information could potentially lead to feelings of sensory overload in autistic children. If such increased integration is specific to motion information, domain-specific accounts of autistic perception will be required. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1177/2396941517694626 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387 [article] Visual integration of direction and orientation information in autistic children [texte imprimé] / Catherine MANNING, Auteur ; Marc S. TIBBER, Auteur ; Steven C. DAKIN, Auteur. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism & Developmental Language Impairments > 2 (January-December 2017) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background and aimsThe vision of autistic people has been characterised as focused on detail, with a disinclination (or reduced ability) to integrate information into coherent ?wholes?. In contrast to this view, we recently demonstrated enhanced integration of visual motion signals in autistic children compared to typically developing children. Here, we aimed to investigate the robustness of our finding of increased motion integration in autism with a new sample of children and to determine whether increased integration in autistic children would extend to a static, orientation judgement.MethodsWe presented motion and orientation equivalent noise and coherence tasks to 46 autistic children aged 6 to 14 years and 45 typically developing children matched in age and non-verbal IQ. The equivalent noise tasks consisted of two interleaved conditions: a high-noise condition in which children judged the average direction or orientation of elements whose range of direction or orientations was manipulated, and a no-noise condition in which children judged the direction or orientation of elements sharing the same direction or orientation. Equivalent noise modelling provided estimates of internal noise (the precision with which children can estimate the orientation/direction of one element) and global sampling (how many elements children are effectively using to judge the overall orientation/direction). Children also completed coherence tasks in which the proportion of signal elements sharing the same direction or orientation amidst otherwise random noise elements was manipulated. We assessed group differences using a combination of frequentist and Bayesian statistical approaches.ResultsAnalysis of the data in this new sample alone did not provide sufficient evidence either in favour or against the hypothesis of increased integration in autism. However, when combining motion data from this and the original experiment, autistic children exhibited superior integration of direction information in the high-noise condition compared to typically developing children, with similar no-noise and coherence thresholds. Equivalent noise modelling of these data revealed increased sampling in autistic children for motion information but no conclusive evidence for atypical levels of internal noise. There was no evidence of differences between autistic and typically developing children in the orientation equivalent noise and coherence tasks.ConclusionsOverall, autistic children effectively integrated more direction information than typically developing children. However, the groups overlapped considerably and there was substantial individual variability, so that the effect may be difficult to detect in small groups. There was no indication of atypical integration of orientation in the current study, although larger samples will be required in order to provide conclusive evidence.ImplicationsThese results help characterise the nature of sensory processing in autism, which is of high import and relevance given the recent inclusion of sensory symptoms in diagnostic criteria. Increased integration of motion information could potentially lead to feelings of sensory overload in autistic children. If such increased integration is specific to motion information, domain-specific accounts of autistic perception will be required. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1177/2396941517694626 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387

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