Childhood adversity is associated with reduced threat-safety discrimination and increased fear generalization in 12- to 16-year-olds / Aleksandra LECEI ; Maarten JACKERS ; Lise JENNEN ; Koen SCHRUERS ; Bram VERVLIET ; Bart BOETS ; Ruud VAN WINKEL in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 66-6 (June 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 66-6 (June 2025) . - p.821-833 Titre : Childhood adversity is associated with reduced threat-safety discrimination and increased fear generalization in 12- to 16-year-olds Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Aleksandra LECEI, Auteur ; Maarten JACKERS, Auteur ; Lise JENNEN, Auteur ; Koen SCHRUERS, Auteur ; Bram VERVLIET, Auteur ; Bart BOETS, Auteur ; Ruud VAN WINKEL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.821-833 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Childhood adversity  fear conditioning  fear generalization  adolescence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Childhood adversity poses a major transdiagnostic risk for a host of psychiatric disorders. Altered threat-related information processing has been put forward as a potential process underlying the association between childhood adversity and psychiatric disorders, with previous research providing support for decreased discrimination between threat and safety cues, in both children and adults exposed to adversity. This altered threat-safety discrimination has been hypothesized to stem from increased generalization of fear, yet to date, this hypothesis has not been tested in youth. Methods Here, we investigate whether childhood adversity is associated with fear generalization during adolescence. 119 adolescents between 12 and 16 years of age (mean 13.95), of whom 63 exposed to childhood adversity, completed a fear generalization paradigm. Fear conditioning was assessed through trial-by-trial US expectancy ratings and post-experimental ratings of fear, valence and arousal. Additionally, we administered a perceptual discrimination task to assess the potential impact of perceptual discrimination abilities upon fear generalization. Results In line with our hypotheses, results showed that childhood adversity is associated with (1) reduced threat-safety differentiation during fear acquisition and (2) increased fear generalization in both boys and girls, albeit to a different extent, as boys showed more generalization towards safety cues while girls showed more generalization towards dangerous cues. Moreover, this overgeneralization of fear could not be attributed to group differences in perceptual discrimination. Conclusions Altered fear learning may be an important process through which adversity increases risk for the development of psychopathology. Longitudinal research is essential to elucidate risk and resilience patterns following childhood adversity. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14092 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=556 [article] Childhood adversity is associated with reduced threat-safety discrimination and increased fear generalization in 12- to 16-year-olds [texte imprimé] / Aleksandra LECEI, Auteur ; Maarten JACKERS, Auteur ; Lise JENNEN, Auteur ; Koen SCHRUERS, Auteur ; Bram VERVLIET, Auteur ; Bart BOETS, Auteur ; Ruud VAN WINKEL, Auteur . - p.821-833. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 66-6 (June 2025) . - p.821-833 Mots-clés : Childhood adversity  fear conditioning  fear generalization  adolescence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Childhood adversity poses a major transdiagnostic risk for a host of psychiatric disorders. Altered threat-related information processing has been put forward as a potential process underlying the association between childhood adversity and psychiatric disorders, with previous research providing support for decreased discrimination between threat and safety cues, in both children and adults exposed to adversity. This altered threat-safety discrimination has been hypothesized to stem from increased generalization of fear, yet to date, this hypothesis has not been tested in youth. Methods Here, we investigate whether childhood adversity is associated with fear generalization during adolescence. 119 adolescents between 12 and 16 years of age (mean 13.95), of whom 63 exposed to childhood adversity, completed a fear generalization paradigm. Fear conditioning was assessed through trial-by-trial US expectancy ratings and post-experimental ratings of fear, valence and arousal. Additionally, we administered a perceptual discrimination task to assess the potential impact of perceptual discrimination abilities upon fear generalization. Results In line with our hypotheses, results showed that childhood adversity is associated with (1) reduced threat-safety differentiation during fear acquisition and (2) increased fear generalization in both boys and girls, albeit to a different extent, as boys showed more generalization towards safety cues while girls showed more generalization towards dangerous cues. Moreover, this overgeneralization of fear could not be attributed to group differences in perceptual discrimination. Conclusions Altered fear learning may be an important process through which adversity increases risk for the development of psychopathology. Longitudinal research is essential to elucidate risk and resilience patterns following childhood adversity. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14092 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=556

Erratum to: Neural correlates of reward processing in adults with 22q11 deletion syndrome / Esther D.A. VAN DUIN in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 8-1 (December 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 8-1 (December 2016) . - p.31 Titre : Erratum to: Neural correlates of reward processing in adults with 22q11 deletion syndrome Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Esther D.A. VAN DUIN, Auteur ; Liesbet GOOSSENS, Auteur ; Dennis HERNAUS, Auteur ; Fabiana Da Silva ALVES, Auteur ; Nicole SCHMITZ, Auteur ; Koen SCHRUERS, Auteur ; Thérèse VAN AMELSVOORT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.31 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : [This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s11689-016-9158-5.]. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-016-9163-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=349 [article] Erratum to: Neural correlates of reward processing in adults with 22q11 deletion syndrome [texte imprimé] / Esther D.A. VAN DUIN, Auteur ; Liesbet GOOSSENS, Auteur ; Dennis HERNAUS, Auteur ; Fabiana Da Silva ALVES, Auteur ; Nicole SCHMITZ, Auteur ; Koen SCHRUERS, Auteur ; Thérèse VAN AMELSVOORT, Auteur . - p.31. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 8-1 (December 2016) . - p.31 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : [This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s11689-016-9158-5.]. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-016-9163-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=349

Neural correlates of reward processing in adults with 22q11 deletion syndrome / Esther D.A. VAN DUIN in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 8-1 (December 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 8-1 (December 2016) . - p.25 Titre : Neural correlates of reward processing in adults with 22q11 deletion syndrome Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Esther D.A. VAN DUIN, Auteur ; Liesbet GOOSSENS, Auteur ; Dennis HERNAUS, Auteur ; Fabiana DA SILVA ALVES, Auteur ; Nicole SCHMITZ, Auteur ; Koen SCHRUERS, Auteur ; Thérèse VAN AMELSVOORT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.25 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : 22q11 deletion syndrome  Comt  Psychosis  Reward Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is caused by a microdeletion on chromosome 22q11.2 and associated with an increased risk to develop psychosis. The gene coding for catechol-O-methyl-transferase (COMT) is located at the deleted region, resulting in disrupted dopaminergic neurotransmission in 22q11DS, which may contribute to the increased vulnerability for psychosis. A dysfunctional motivational reward system is considered one of the salient features in psychosis and thought to be related to abnormal dopaminergic neurotransmission. The functional anatomy of the brain reward circuitry has not yet been investigated in 22q11DS. METHODS: This study aims to investigate neural activity during anticipation of reward and loss in adult patients with 22q11DS. We measured blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) activity in 16 patients with 22q11DS and 12 healthy controls during a monetary incentive delay task using a 3T Philips Intera MRI system. Data were analysed using SPM8. RESULTS: During anticipation of reward, the 22q11DS group alone displayed significant activation in bilateral middle frontal and temporal brain regions. Compared to healthy controls, significantly less activation in bilateral cingulate gyrus extending to premotor, primary motor and somatosensory areas was found. During anticipation of loss, the 22q11DS group displayed activity in the left middle frontal gyrus and anterior cingulate cortex, and relative to controls, they showed reduced brain activation in bilateral (pre)cuneus and left posterior cingulate. Within the 22q11DS group, COMT Val hemizygotes displayed more activation compared to Met hemizygotes in right posterior cingulate and bilateral parietal regions during anticipation of reward. During anticipation of loss, COMT Met hemizygotes compared to Val hemizygotes showed more activation in bilateral insula, striatum and left anterior cingulate. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to investigate reward processing in 22q11DS. Our preliminary results suggest that people with 22q11DS engage a fronto-temporal neural network. Compared to healthy controls, people with 22q11DS primarily displayed reduced activity in medial frontal regions during reward anticipation. COMT hemizygosity affects responsivity of the reward system in this condition. Alterations in reward processing partly underlain by the dopamine system may play a role in susceptibility for psychosis in 22q11DS. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-016-9158-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=349 [article] Neural correlates of reward processing in adults with 22q11 deletion syndrome [texte imprimé] / Esther D.A. VAN DUIN, Auteur ; Liesbet GOOSSENS, Auteur ; Dennis HERNAUS, Auteur ; Fabiana DA SILVA ALVES, Auteur ; Nicole SCHMITZ, Auteur ; Koen SCHRUERS, Auteur ; Thérèse VAN AMELSVOORT, Auteur . - p.25. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 8-1 (December 2016) . - p.25 Mots-clés : 22q11 deletion syndrome  Comt  Psychosis  Reward Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is caused by a microdeletion on chromosome 22q11.2 and associated with an increased risk to develop psychosis. The gene coding for catechol-O-methyl-transferase (COMT) is located at the deleted region, resulting in disrupted dopaminergic neurotransmission in 22q11DS, which may contribute to the increased vulnerability for psychosis. A dysfunctional motivational reward system is considered one of the salient features in psychosis and thought to be related to abnormal dopaminergic neurotransmission. The functional anatomy of the brain reward circuitry has not yet been investigated in 22q11DS. METHODS: This study aims to investigate neural activity during anticipation of reward and loss in adult patients with 22q11DS. We measured blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) activity in 16 patients with 22q11DS and 12 healthy controls during a monetary incentive delay task using a 3T Philips Intera MRI system. Data were analysed using SPM8. RESULTS: During anticipation of reward, the 22q11DS group alone displayed significant activation in bilateral middle frontal and temporal brain regions. Compared to healthy controls, significantly less activation in bilateral cingulate gyrus extending to premotor, primary motor and somatosensory areas was found. During anticipation of loss, the 22q11DS group displayed activity in the left middle frontal gyrus and anterior cingulate cortex, and relative to controls, they showed reduced brain activation in bilateral (pre)cuneus and left posterior cingulate. Within the 22q11DS group, COMT Val hemizygotes displayed more activation compared to Met hemizygotes in right posterior cingulate and bilateral parietal regions during anticipation of reward. During anticipation of loss, COMT Met hemizygotes compared to Val hemizygotes showed more activation in bilateral insula, striatum and left anterior cingulate. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to investigate reward processing in 22q11DS. Our preliminary results suggest that people with 22q11DS engage a fronto-temporal neural network. Compared to healthy controls, people with 22q11DS primarily displayed reduced activity in medial frontal regions during reward anticipation. COMT hemizygosity affects responsivity of the reward system in this condition. Alterations in reward processing partly underlain by the dopamine system may play a role in susceptibility for psychosis in 22q11DS. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-016-9158-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=349

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