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Détail de l'auteur
Auteur Megan R. GUNNAR |
Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur (28)
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The effect of early deprivation on executive attention in middle childhood / Michelle M. LOMAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-1 (January 2013)
[article]
Titre : The effect of early deprivation on executive attention in middle childhood Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Michelle M. LOMAN, Auteur ; Anna E. JOHNSON, Auteur ; Alissa WESTERLUND, Auteur ; Seth D. POLLAK, Auteur ; Charles A. III NELSON, Auteur ; Megan R. GUNNAR, Auteur Article en page(s) : 37-45 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention event-related potentials executive function international adoption institutional care Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Children reared in deprived environments, such as institutions for the care of orphaned or abandoned children, are at increased risk for attention and behavior regulation difficulties. This study examined the neurobehavioral correlates of executive attention in post institutionalized (PI) children. Methods: The performance and event-related potentials (ERPs) of 10- and 11-year-old internationally adopted PI children on two executive attention tasks, Go/No-go and Flanker, were compared with two groups: children internationally adopted early from foster care (PF) and nonadopted children (NA). Results: Behavioral measures suggested problems with sustained attention, with PIs performing more poorly on Go trials and not on No-go trials of the Go/No-go and made more errors on both congruent and incongruent trials on the Flanker. ERPs suggested differences in inhibitory control and error monitoring, as PIs had smaller N2 amplitude on Go/No-go and smaller error-related negativity on Flanker. Conclusions: This pattern of results raises questions regarding the nature of attention difficulties for PI children. The behavioral errors are not specific to executive attention and instead likely reflect difficulties in overall sustained attention. The ERP results are consistent with neural activity related to deficits in inhibitory control (N2) and error monitoring (error-related negativity). Questions emerge regarding the similarity of attention regulatory difficulties in PIs to those experienced by non-PI children with ADHD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02602.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=186
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-1 (January 2013) . - 37-45[article] The effect of early deprivation on executive attention in middle childhood [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Michelle M. LOMAN, Auteur ; Anna E. JOHNSON, Auteur ; Alissa WESTERLUND, Auteur ; Seth D. POLLAK, Auteur ; Charles A. III NELSON, Auteur ; Megan R. GUNNAR, Auteur . - 37-45.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-1 (January 2013) . - 37-45
Mots-clés : Attention event-related potentials executive function international adoption institutional care Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Children reared in deprived environments, such as institutions for the care of orphaned or abandoned children, are at increased risk for attention and behavior regulation difficulties. This study examined the neurobehavioral correlates of executive attention in post institutionalized (PI) children. Methods: The performance and event-related potentials (ERPs) of 10- and 11-year-old internationally adopted PI children on two executive attention tasks, Go/No-go and Flanker, were compared with two groups: children internationally adopted early from foster care (PF) and nonadopted children (NA). Results: Behavioral measures suggested problems with sustained attention, with PIs performing more poorly on Go trials and not on No-go trials of the Go/No-go and made more errors on both congruent and incongruent trials on the Flanker. ERPs suggested differences in inhibitory control and error monitoring, as PIs had smaller N2 amplitude on Go/No-go and smaller error-related negativity on Flanker. Conclusions: This pattern of results raises questions regarding the nature of attention difficulties for PI children. The behavioral errors are not specific to executive attention and instead likely reflect difficulties in overall sustained attention. The ERP results are consistent with neural activity related to deficits in inhibitory control (N2) and error monitoring (error-related negativity). Questions emerge regarding the similarity of attention regulatory difficulties in PIs to those experienced by non-PI children with ADHD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02602.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=186 The emergence of attachment following early social deprivation / Elizabeth A. CARLSON in Development and Psychopathology, 26-2 (May 2014)
[article]
Titre : The emergence of attachment following early social deprivation Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Elizabeth A. CARLSON, Auteur ; Camelia E. HOSTINAR, Auteur ; Shanna B. MLINER, Auteur ; Megan R. GUNNAR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.479-489 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined the formation and quality of attachment of 65 postinstitutionalized (PI) toddlers with their parents at 1–3 and 7–9 months postadoption compared to 52 nonadopted (NA) children. The formation of attachment relationships of PI children with adoptive parents occurred relatively quickly. Children exposed to greater preadoption adversity took longer to form an attachment to their adoptive parents, although by 7–9 months postadoption, nearly all (90%) of the children achieved the highest level on an attachment formation rating scale. PI children did not differ from NA children in attachment security, based either on the Attachment Q-Sort or Strange Situation categorical scoring. However, the PI children were more likely to be disorganized in their attachment patterns. Preadoption adversity was related to lower Q-sort security scores especially at the initial assessment 1–3 months postadoption. The results indicated that attachment formation and attachment quality in PI children are differentiable constructs with different precursors. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579414000078 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=230
in Development and Psychopathology > 26-2 (May 2014) . - p.479-489[article] The emergence of attachment following early social deprivation [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Elizabeth A. CARLSON, Auteur ; Camelia E. HOSTINAR, Auteur ; Shanna B. MLINER, Auteur ; Megan R. GUNNAR, Auteur . - p.479-489.
in Development and Psychopathology > 26-2 (May 2014) . - p.479-489
Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined the formation and quality of attachment of 65 postinstitutionalized (PI) toddlers with their parents at 1–3 and 7–9 months postadoption compared to 52 nonadopted (NA) children. The formation of attachment relationships of PI children with adoptive parents occurred relatively quickly. Children exposed to greater preadoption adversity took longer to form an attachment to their adoptive parents, although by 7–9 months postadoption, nearly all (90%) of the children achieved the highest level on an attachment formation rating scale. PI children did not differ from NA children in attachment security, based either on the Attachment Q-Sort or Strange Situation categorical scoring. However, the PI children were more likely to be disorganized in their attachment patterns. Preadoption adversity was related to lower Q-sort security scores especially at the initial assessment 1–3 months postadoption. The results indicated that attachment formation and attachment quality in PI children are differentiable constructs with different precursors. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579414000078 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=230 The onset of puberty: Effects on the psychophysiology of defensive and appetitive motivation / Karina M. QUEVEDO in Development and Psychopathology, 21-1 (January 2009)
[article]
Titre : The onset of puberty: Effects on the psychophysiology of defensive and appetitive motivation Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Karina M. QUEVEDO, Auteur ; Megan R. GUNNAR, Auteur ; Ronald E. DAHL, Auteur ; Stephen D. BENNING, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : p.27-45 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We examined puberty-specific effects on affect-related behavior and on the psychophysiology of defensive and appetitive motivation while controlling for age. Adolescents (N = 94, ages = 12 and 13 years) viewed 75 pictures (International Affective Picture System: pleasant, neutral, and aversive) while listening to auditory probes. Startle response and postauricular (PA) reflex were collected as measures of defensive and appetitive motivation, respectively. Pubertal status and measures of anxiety/stress reaction and sensation/thrill seeking were obtained. Mid-/late pubertal adolescents showed enhanced startle amplitude across all picture valences. A Puberty × Valence interaction revealed that mid-/late pubertal adolescents showed appetitive potentiation of the PA, whereas pre-/early pubertal adolescents showed no modulation of the PA reflex. Mid-/late pubertal adolescents also scored significantly higher on measures of sensation/thrill seeking than did their pre-/early pubertal peers and puberty moderated the association between psychophysiology and behavioral measures, suggesting that it plays a role in reorganizing defensive and appetitive motivational systems. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579409000030 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=680
in Development and Psychopathology > 21-1 (January 2009) . - p.27-45[article] The onset of puberty: Effects on the psychophysiology of defensive and appetitive motivation [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Karina M. QUEVEDO, Auteur ; Megan R. GUNNAR, Auteur ; Ronald E. DAHL, Auteur ; Stephen D. BENNING, Auteur . - 2009 . - p.27-45.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Development and Psychopathology > 21-1 (January 2009) . - p.27-45
Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We examined puberty-specific effects on affect-related behavior and on the psychophysiology of defensive and appetitive motivation while controlling for age. Adolescents (N = 94, ages = 12 and 13 years) viewed 75 pictures (International Affective Picture System: pleasant, neutral, and aversive) while listening to auditory probes. Startle response and postauricular (PA) reflex were collected as measures of defensive and appetitive motivation, respectively. Pubertal status and measures of anxiety/stress reaction and sensation/thrill seeking were obtained. Mid-/late pubertal adolescents showed enhanced startle amplitude across all picture valences. A Puberty × Valence interaction revealed that mid-/late pubertal adolescents showed appetitive potentiation of the PA, whereas pre-/early pubertal adolescents showed no modulation of the PA reflex. Mid-/late pubertal adolescents also scored significantly higher on measures of sensation/thrill seeking than did their pre-/early pubertal peers and puberty moderated the association between psychophysiology and behavioral measures, suggesting that it plays a role in reorganizing defensive and appetitive motivational systems. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579409000030 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=680