Dépouillements

Using scripts and script-fading procedures to promote bids for joint attention by young children with autism / Joyce L. MACDUFF in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 1-4 (October/December 2007)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 1-4 (October/December 2007) . - p.281-290 Titre : Using scripts and script-fading procedures to promote bids for joint attention by young children with autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Joyce L. MACDUFF, Auteur ; Patricia J. KRANTZ, Auteur ; Lynn E. MCCLANNAHAN, Auteur ; Regina LEDO, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.281-290 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Joint-attention Script-fading Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A multiple-probe design across participants assessed the efficacy of using audiotaped scripts to promote the joint attention responses of young children with autism. A one-word script (“See”) was presented on button-activated voice recorders; recorders were attached to toys and photographs that were placed in areas of the school not typically used for instructional activities. Children were taught to activate the recorders, point to pictures and toys, orient toward a conversation partner, and say the script. After they reliably made these responses, scripts were removed from the recorders and then recorders were removed. All three children learned to make bids for joint attention and after the scripts were faded, bids for joint attention maintained and generalized to untrained materials and to non-training settings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2006.11.003 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=300 [article] Using scripts and script-fading procedures to promote bids for joint attention by young children with autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Joyce L. MACDUFF, Auteur ; Patricia J. KRANTZ, Auteur ; Lynn E. MCCLANNAHAN, Auteur ; Regina LEDO, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.281-290. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 1-4 (October/December 2007) . - p.281-290 Mots-clés : Joint-attention Script-fading Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A multiple-probe design across participants assessed the efficacy of using audiotaped scripts to promote the joint attention responses of young children with autism. A one-word script (“See”) was presented on button-activated voice recorders; recorders were attached to toys and photographs that were placed in areas of the school not typically used for instructional activities. Children were taught to activate the recorders, point to pictures and toys, orient toward a conversation partner, and say the script. After they reliably made these responses, scripts were removed from the recorders and then recorders were removed. All three children learned to make bids for joint attention and after the scripts were faded, bids for joint attention maintained and generalized to untrained materials and to non-training settings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2006.11.003 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=300

Stability of adaptive behaviors in middle-school children with autism spectrum disorders / Robin GABRIELS in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 1-4 (October/December 2007)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 1-4 (October/December 2007) . - p.291-303 Titre : Stability of adaptive behaviors in middle-school children with autism spectrum disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Robin GABRIELS, Auteur ; John MCNEILL, Auteur ; John A. AGNEW, Auteur ; Dina E. HILL, Auteur ; Bonnie Jean IVERS, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.291-303 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adaptive-functioning Autism-spectrum-disorders Nonverbal-intelligence Caregiver-stress Intervention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This 5-year follow-up study examined the stability of adaptive functioning in two cognitive ability groups of children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Nonverbal intelligence (NVIQ) was assessed at the time of this study and no participant changed cognitive group membership from the previous study (High NVIQ ≥ 97; Low NVIQ ≤ 56). In each group, adaptive skills, as measured by the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS) composite standard score, were significantly below NVIQ. Both groups exhibited a significant decrease in the VABS composite standard scores over time, but analysis of VABS total raw scores showed a significant increase in adaptive functioning over time in the High NVIQ group with no change in the Low NVIQ group. Examining the profile of VABS age equivalent scores in each NVIQ group revealed potential suggestions for interventionists. Caregivers of the Low NVIQ group endorsed having significantly higher stress levels related to their child's level of adaptive functioning. Groups did not differ significantly in the quantity of treatment received within the 9 months preceding this study or caregiver satisfaction with intervention services. Caregivers from both groups identified a variety of school-based service needs to address their child's adaptive skill deficits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2006.11.004 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=300 [article] Stability of adaptive behaviors in middle-school children with autism spectrum disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Robin GABRIELS, Auteur ; John MCNEILL, Auteur ; John A. AGNEW, Auteur ; Dina E. HILL, Auteur ; Bonnie Jean IVERS, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.291-303. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 1-4 (October/December 2007) . - p.291-303 Mots-clés : Adaptive-functioning Autism-spectrum-disorders Nonverbal-intelligence Caregiver-stress Intervention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This 5-year follow-up study examined the stability of adaptive functioning in two cognitive ability groups of children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Nonverbal intelligence (NVIQ) was assessed at the time of this study and no participant changed cognitive group membership from the previous study (High NVIQ ≥ 97; Low NVIQ ≤ 56). In each group, adaptive skills, as measured by the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS) composite standard score, were significantly below NVIQ. Both groups exhibited a significant decrease in the VABS composite standard scores over time, but analysis of VABS total raw scores showed a significant increase in adaptive functioning over time in the High NVIQ group with no change in the Low NVIQ group. Examining the profile of VABS age equivalent scores in each NVIQ group revealed potential suggestions for interventionists. Caregivers of the Low NVIQ group endorsed having significantly higher stress levels related to their child's level of adaptive functioning. Groups did not differ significantly in the quantity of treatment received within the 9 months preceding this study or caregiver satisfaction with intervention services. Caregivers from both groups identified a variety of school-based service needs to address their child's adaptive skill deficits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2006.11.004 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=300

Change in autism core symptoms with intervention / Ditza A. ZACHOR in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 1-4 (October/December 2007)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 1-4 (October/December 2007) . - p.304-317 Titre : Change in autism core symptoms with intervention Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ditza A. ZACHOR, Auteur ; Eli LAHAT, Auteur ; Ana-Lia RABINOVICH, Auteur ; Esther BEN-ITZCHAK, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.304-317 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Autism-spectrum-disorder Eclectic-Developmental Applied-Behavioral-Analysis Autism-Diagnosis-Observation-Schedule Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : It is still debated what is the best early intervention approach for autism. This study compared two intervention approaches, Eclectic-Developmental (ED) and Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA) in very young children with autism/autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Nineteen children received ED intervention, using combination of methods. Twenty children received Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA) intervention which used behavioral principles. Children in both groups were not significantly different in their autism severity, cognitive abilities and in socio-economic background at pre-intervention time. Change in the severity of autism symptoms was assessed by the Autism Diagnosis Observation Schedule (ADOS). The ABA group showed significantly greater improvements than the ED group at post-intervention time. Pre–post intervention differences in language and communication domain were significant only for the ABA group. Both groups showed significant improvement in reciprocal social interaction domain. However, the effect size was greater for the ABA group. Changes in diagnostic classification were noted in both groups but were more pronounced for the ABA group. Pre-treatment IQ scores were positively related to ADOS scores at pre- and post-intervention times, but not to progress over time. Behavioral intervention is more effective than eclectic approach in improving autism core symptoms in young children with autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2006.12.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=300 [article] Change in autism core symptoms with intervention [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ditza A. ZACHOR, Auteur ; Eli LAHAT, Auteur ; Ana-Lia RABINOVICH, Auteur ; Esther BEN-ITZCHAK, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.304-317. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 1-4 (October/December 2007) . - p.304-317 Mots-clés : Autism Autism-spectrum-disorder Eclectic-Developmental Applied-Behavioral-Analysis Autism-Diagnosis-Observation-Schedule Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : It is still debated what is the best early intervention approach for autism. This study compared two intervention approaches, Eclectic-Developmental (ED) and Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA) in very young children with autism/autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Nineteen children received ED intervention, using combination of methods. Twenty children received Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA) intervention which used behavioral principles. Children in both groups were not significantly different in their autism severity, cognitive abilities and in socio-economic background at pre-intervention time. Change in the severity of autism symptoms was assessed by the Autism Diagnosis Observation Schedule (ADOS). The ABA group showed significantly greater improvements than the ED group at post-intervention time. Pre–post intervention differences in language and communication domain were significant only for the ABA group. Both groups showed significant improvement in reciprocal social interaction domain. However, the effect size was greater for the ABA group. Changes in diagnostic classification were noted in both groups but were more pronounced for the ABA group. Pre-treatment IQ scores were positively related to ADOS scores at pre- and post-intervention times, but not to progress over time. Behavioral intervention is more effective than eclectic approach in improving autism core symptoms in young children with autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2006.12.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=300

Teaching students with autism to read pictures / David F. CIHAK in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 1-4 (October/December 2007)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 1-4 (October/December 2007) . - p.318-329 Titre : Teaching students with autism to read pictures Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : David F. CIHAK, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.318-329 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Literacy Elementary Picture-prompts Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined the use of teaching three students with autism how to comprehend pictures. Students were elementary-aged, did not speak, and needed communication training. Students were provided systematic visual literacy instruction. Visual literacy instruction consisted of comprehending familiar people, objects, actions, and sequences through motor demonstration. Students successfully acquired how to read pictures and generalize its understanding. Visual literacy skills were maintained at a 100% level for up to nine weeks. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2006.12.002 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=301 [article] Teaching students with autism to read pictures [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / David F. CIHAK, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.318-329. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 1-4 (October/December 2007) . - p.318-329 Mots-clés : Autism Literacy Elementary Picture-prompts Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined the use of teaching three students with autism how to comprehend pictures. Students were elementary-aged, did not speak, and needed communication training. Students were provided systematic visual literacy instruction. Visual literacy instruction consisted of comprehending familiar people, objects, actions, and sequences through motor demonstration. Students successfully acquired how to read pictures and generalize its understanding. Visual literacy skills were maintained at a 100% level for up to nine weeks. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2006.12.002 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=301

Norms and cut off scores for the autism spectrum disorders diagnosis for adults (ASD-DA) with intellectual disability / Johnny L. MATSON in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 1-4 (October/December 2007)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 1-4 (October/December 2007) . - p.330-338 Titre : Norms and cut off scores for the autism spectrum disorders diagnosis for adults (ASD-DA) with intellectual disability Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Johnny L. MATSON, Auteur ; Jonathan WILKINS, Auteur ; Kimberly R. SMITH, Auteur ; Melissa L. GONZALES, Auteur ; Jessica A. BOISJOLI, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.330-338 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Norms Autism-battery Test Comorbid Behavior-problems Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Establishing the cut-off scores for Autism Spectrum Disorder-Diagnostic (ASD-DA) scale for adults with intellectual disability (ID) and autism or PDD-NOS was the primary goal of this investigation. The aim of Study 1 was to determine if the ASD-DA was able to differentiate between adults with ID with and without an autism spectrum disorder, and to determine a total score cut-off for this purpose. The aim of Study 2 was to determine if the ASD-DA was able to differentiate between autism and PDD-NOS in this population. Sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) were computed for potential cut-off scores and were found to be acceptable. The implications of these data for diagnosing ASD in adults with ID are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2007.01.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=301 [article] Norms and cut off scores for the autism spectrum disorders diagnosis for adults (ASD-DA) with intellectual disability [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Johnny L. MATSON, Auteur ; Jonathan WILKINS, Auteur ; Kimberly R. SMITH, Auteur ; Melissa L. GONZALES, Auteur ; Jessica A. BOISJOLI, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.330-338. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 1-4 (October/December 2007) . - p.330-338 Mots-clés : Norms Autism-battery Test Comorbid Behavior-problems Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Establishing the cut-off scores for Autism Spectrum Disorder-Diagnostic (ASD-DA) scale for adults with intellectual disability (ID) and autism or PDD-NOS was the primary goal of this investigation. The aim of Study 1 was to determine if the ASD-DA was able to differentiate between adults with ID with and without an autism spectrum disorder, and to determine a total score cut-off for this purpose. The aim of Study 2 was to determine if the ASD-DA was able to differentiate between autism and PDD-NOS in this population. Sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) were computed for potential cut-off scores and were found to be acceptable. The implications of these data for diagnosing ASD in adults with ID are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2007.01.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=301

Relationship between motor skill impairment and severity in children with Asperger syndrome / Claudia HILTON in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 1-4 (October/December 2007)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 1-4 (October/December 2007) . - p.339-349 Titre : Relationship between motor skill impairment and severity in children with Asperger syndrome Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Claudia HILTON, Auteur ; Georgiana HERZBERG, Auteur ; Carol REED, Auteur ; Max ITO, Auteur ; Patricia LAVESSER, Auteur ; Lyndsay WENTE, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.339-349 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Pervasive-developmental-disorder Autism-spectrum-disorder Manual-dexterity Ball-skills Balance-skill Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined the correlation between severity and motor impairment in children with Asperger syndrome (AS). Children, ages 6–12 with AS (N = 51) and a control group of typical children (N = 56), were assessed using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and the Movement Assessment Battery For Children (MABC). A bivariate correlational design was used to compare the scores (Spearman rank correlational coefficient). Significant differences were seen between typical, mild to moderate and severe categories of SRS scores, based on the Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance by ranks (p < .05). Strong correlations were found between the MABC motor impairment levels and the SRS severity levels. This study adds a clearer understanding of the relationship between motor impairment and severity for children with AS. The degree of correlation indicates that motor skill impairment is a function of severity within AS. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2006.12.003 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=301 [article] Relationship between motor skill impairment and severity in children with Asperger syndrome [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Claudia HILTON, Auteur ; Georgiana HERZBERG, Auteur ; Carol REED, Auteur ; Max ITO, Auteur ; Patricia LAVESSER, Auteur ; Lyndsay WENTE, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.339-349. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 1-4 (October/December 2007) . - p.339-349 Mots-clés : Pervasive-developmental-disorder Autism-spectrum-disorder Manual-dexterity Ball-skills Balance-skill Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined the correlation between severity and motor impairment in children with Asperger syndrome (AS). Children, ages 6–12 with AS (N = 51) and a control group of typical children (N = 56), were assessed using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and the Movement Assessment Battery For Children (MABC). A bivariate correlational design was used to compare the scores (Spearman rank correlational coefficient). Significant differences were seen between typical, mild to moderate and severe categories of SRS scores, based on the Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance by ranks (p < .05). Strong correlations were found between the MABC motor impairment levels and the SRS severity levels. This study adds a clearer understanding of the relationship between motor impairment and severity for children with AS. The degree of correlation indicates that motor skill impairment is a function of severity within AS. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2006.12.003 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=301

Unintentional stimulus control during the treatment of pica displayed by a young man with autism / Terry S. FALCOMATA in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 1-4 (October/December 2007)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 1-4 (October/December 2007) . - p.350-359 Titre : Unintentional stimulus control during the treatment of pica displayed by a young man with autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Terry S. FALCOMATA, Auteur ; Robert R. PABICO, Auteur ; Henry S. ROANE, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.350-359 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Overselectivity Pica Stimulus-control Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Pica is a potentially life-threatening behavior displayed by many individuals with developmental disabilities. In the present study, stimulus control procedures were examined during the treatment of pica exhibited by a 12-year-old boy with autism. First, the inhibitory effect of a treatment package was tested. Next, neutral stimuli (i.e., wristbands) were introduced and paired with the inhibitory treatment in an attempt to establish stimulus control. Stimulus control was inadvertently achieved with an alternative stimulus present in the environment (i.e., presence of the therapist) rather than the intended stimuli. Results are discussed in terms of the impact of stimulus overselectivity in the development of treatment programs for individuals with autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2006.12.004 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=301 [article] Unintentional stimulus control during the treatment of pica displayed by a young man with autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Terry S. FALCOMATA, Auteur ; Robert R. PABICO, Auteur ; Henry S. ROANE, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.350-359. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 1-4 (October/December 2007) . - p.350-359 Mots-clés : Autism Overselectivity Pica Stimulus-control Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Pica is a potentially life-threatening behavior displayed by many individuals with developmental disabilities. In the present study, stimulus control procedures were examined during the treatment of pica exhibited by a 12-year-old boy with autism. First, the inhibitory effect of a treatment package was tested. Next, neutral stimuli (i.e., wristbands) were introduced and paired with the inhibitory treatment in an attempt to establish stimulus control. Stimulus control was inadvertently achieved with an alternative stimulus present in the environment (i.e., presence of the therapist) rather than the intended stimuli. Results are discussed in terms of the impact of stimulus overselectivity in the development of treatment programs for individuals with autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2006.12.004 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=301

Community services outcomes for families and children with autism spectrum disorders / Lisa A. RUBLE in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 1-4 (October/December 2007)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 1-4 (October/December 2007) . - p.360-372 Titre : Community services outcomes for families and children with autism spectrum disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lisa A. RUBLE, Auteur ; John H. MCGREW, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.360-372 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism-spectrum-disorders Service-outcomes Community-based-services Child-outcomes Family-outcomes Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In an era in which evidence based practices are becoming the standard of care, there is little evidence that the current array of services commonly delivered for those with autism is helpful. This study describes community-based service utilization and caregiver-rated outcomes of services on symptoms of 113 children with autism spectrum disorders and their families. Parents/caregivers reported on nine types of services, received in the prior 6 months, which were evaluated against child and family outcomes. Caregivers rated in-home behavior therapy as providing the best outcomes overall for the child and respite care as providing the best outcomes for the family. Younger children were reported to have better outcomes than older children. Polytherapy was the rule, rather than the exception, as children used a mean of 3.5 different services. The frequency of services and the number of different types of services utilized correlated with family but not child outcomes. Examination of the potentiating effect of medication on outcomes of psychosocial interventions was not significant. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2007.01.002 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=301 [article] Community services outcomes for families and children with autism spectrum disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lisa A. RUBLE, Auteur ; John H. MCGREW, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.360-372. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 1-4 (October/December 2007) . - p.360-372 Mots-clés : Autism-spectrum-disorders Service-outcomes Community-based-services Child-outcomes Family-outcomes Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In an era in which evidence based practices are becoming the standard of care, there is little evidence that the current array of services commonly delivered for those with autism is helpful. This study describes community-based service utilization and caregiver-rated outcomes of services on symptoms of 113 children with autism spectrum disorders and their families. Parents/caregivers reported on nine types of services, received in the prior 6 months, which were evaluated against child and family outcomes. Caregivers rated in-home behavior therapy as providing the best outcomes overall for the child and respite care as providing the best outcomes for the family. Younger children were reported to have better outcomes than older children. Polytherapy was the rule, rather than the exception, as children used a mean of 3.5 different services. The frequency of services and the number of different types of services utilized correlated with family but not child outcomes. Examination of the potentiating effect of medication on outcomes of psychosocial interventions was not significant. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2007.01.002 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=301