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1 recherche sur le mot-clé 'expected childhood'




What is the expected human childhood? Insights from evolutionary anthropology / Willem E. FRANKENHUIS in Development and Psychopathology, 34-2 (May 2022)
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Titre : What is the expected human childhood? Insights from evolutionary anthropology Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Willem E. FRANKENHUIS, Auteur ; Dorsa AMIR, Auteur Article en page(s) : 473-497 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : dimensions of adversity expected childhood human evolution deprivation threat Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In psychological research, there are often assumptions about the conditions that children expect to encounter during their development. These assumptions shape prevailing ideas about the experiences that children are capable of adjusting to, and whether their responses are viewed as impairments or adaptations. Specifically, the expected childhood is often depicted as nurturing and safe, and characterized by high levels of caregiver investment. Here, we synthesize evidence from history, anthropology, and primatology to challenge this view. We integrate the findings of systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and cross-cultural investigations on three forms of threat (infanticide, violent conflict, and predation) and three forms of deprivation (social, cognitive, and nutritional) that children have faced throughout human evolution. Our results show that mean levels of threat and deprivation were higher than is typical in industrialized societies, and that our species has experienced much variation in the levels of these adversities across space and time. These conditions likely favored a high degree of phenotypic plasticity, or the ability to tailor development to different conditions. This body of evidence has implications for recognizing developmental adaptations to adversity, for cultural variation in responses to adverse experiences, and for definitions of adversity and deprivation as deviation from the expected human childhood. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579421001401 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=474
in Development and Psychopathology > 34-2 (May 2022) . - 473-497[article] What is the expected human childhood? Insights from evolutionary anthropology [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Willem E. FRANKENHUIS, Auteur ; Dorsa AMIR, Auteur . - 473-497.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Development and Psychopathology > 34-2 (May 2022) . - 473-497
Mots-clés : dimensions of adversity expected childhood human evolution deprivation threat Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In psychological research, there are often assumptions about the conditions that children expect to encounter during their development. These assumptions shape prevailing ideas about the experiences that children are capable of adjusting to, and whether their responses are viewed as impairments or adaptations. Specifically, the expected childhood is often depicted as nurturing and safe, and characterized by high levels of caregiver investment. Here, we synthesize evidence from history, anthropology, and primatology to challenge this view. We integrate the findings of systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and cross-cultural investigations on three forms of threat (infanticide, violent conflict, and predation) and three forms of deprivation (social, cognitive, and nutritional) that children have faced throughout human evolution. Our results show that mean levels of threat and deprivation were higher than is typical in industrialized societies, and that our species has experienced much variation in the levels of these adversities across space and time. These conditions likely favored a high degree of phenotypic plasticity, or the ability to tailor development to different conditions. This body of evidence has implications for recognizing developmental adaptations to adversity, for cultural variation in responses to adverse experiences, and for definitions of adversity and deprivation as deviation from the expected human childhood. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579421001401 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=474