Annual Research Review: A meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents / Guilherme V. POLANCZYK in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-3 (March 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.345-365 Titre : Annual Research Review: A meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Guilherme V. POLANCZYK, Auteur ; Giovanni A. SALUM, Auteur ; Luisa S. SUGAYA, Auteur ; Arthur CAYE, Auteur ; Luis A. ROHDE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.345-365 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Mental disorders  anxiety disorders  depressive disorders  ADHD  disruptive behavior disorders  children  prevalence  epidemiology  meta-analysis  cross-cultural Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The literature on the prevalence of mental disorders affecting children and adolescents has expanded significantly over the last three decades around the world. Despite the field having matured significantly, there has been no meta-analysis to calculate a worldwide-pooled prevalence and to empirically assess the sources of heterogeneity of estimates. Methods We conducted a systematic review of the literature searching in PubMed, PsycINFO, and EMBASE for prevalence studies of mental disorders investigating probabilistic community samples of children and adolescents with standardized assessments methods that derive diagnoses according to the DSM or ICD. Meta-analytical techniques were used to estimate the prevalence rates of any mental disorder and individual diagnostic groups. A meta-regression analysis was performed to estimate the effect of population and sample characteristics, study methods, assessment procedures, and case definition in determining the heterogeneity of estimates. Results We included 41 studies conducted in 27 countries from every world region. The worldwide-pooled prevalence of mental disorders was 13.4% (CI 95% 11.3–15.9). The worldwide prevalence of any anxiety disorder was 6.5% (CI 95% 4.7–9.1), any depressive disorder was 2.6% (CI 95% 1.7–3.9), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder was 3.4% (CI 95% 2.6–4.5), and any disruptive disorder was 5.7% (CI 95% 4.0–8.1). Significant heterogeneity was detected for all pooled estimates. The multivariate metaregression analyses indicated that sample representativeness, sample frame, and diagnostic interview were significant moderators of prevalence estimates. Estimates did not vary as a function of geographic location of studies and year of data collection. The multivariate model explained 88.89% of prevalence heterogeneity, but residual heterogeneity was still significant. Additional meta-analysis detected significant pooled difference in prevalence rates according to requirement of funcional impairment for the diagnosis of mental disorders. Conclusions Our findings suggest that mental disorders affect a significant number of children and adolescents worldwide. The pooled prevalence estimates and the identification of sources of heterogeneity have important implications to service, training, and research planning around the world. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12381 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260 [article] Annual Research Review: A meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Guilherme V. POLANCZYK, Auteur ; Giovanni A. SALUM, Auteur ; Luisa S. SUGAYA, Auteur ; Arthur CAYE, Auteur ; Luis A. ROHDE, Auteur . - p.345-365. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.345-365 Mots-clés : Mental disorders  anxiety disorders  depressive disorders  ADHD  disruptive behavior disorders  children  prevalence  epidemiology  meta-analysis  cross-cultural Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The literature on the prevalence of mental disorders affecting children and adolescents has expanded significantly over the last three decades around the world. Despite the field having matured significantly, there has been no meta-analysis to calculate a worldwide-pooled prevalence and to empirically assess the sources of heterogeneity of estimates. Methods We conducted a systematic review of the literature searching in PubMed, PsycINFO, and EMBASE for prevalence studies of mental disorders investigating probabilistic community samples of children and adolescents with standardized assessments methods that derive diagnoses according to the DSM or ICD. Meta-analytical techniques were used to estimate the prevalence rates of any mental disorder and individual diagnostic groups. A meta-regression analysis was performed to estimate the effect of population and sample characteristics, study methods, assessment procedures, and case definition in determining the heterogeneity of estimates. Results We included 41 studies conducted in 27 countries from every world region. The worldwide-pooled prevalence of mental disorders was 13.4% (CI 95% 11.3–15.9). The worldwide prevalence of any anxiety disorder was 6.5% (CI 95% 4.7–9.1), any depressive disorder was 2.6% (CI 95% 1.7–3.9), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder was 3.4% (CI 95% 2.6–4.5), and any disruptive disorder was 5.7% (CI 95% 4.0–8.1). Significant heterogeneity was detected for all pooled estimates. The multivariate metaregression analyses indicated that sample representativeness, sample frame, and diagnostic interview were significant moderators of prevalence estimates. Estimates did not vary as a function of geographic location of studies and year of data collection. The multivariate model explained 88.89% of prevalence heterogeneity, but residual heterogeneity was still significant. Additional meta-analysis detected significant pooled difference in prevalence rates according to requirement of funcional impairment for the diagnosis of mental disorders. Conclusions Our findings suggest that mental disorders affect a significant number of children and adolescents worldwide. The pooled prevalence estimates and the identification of sources of heterogeneity have important implications to service, training, and research planning around the world. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12381 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260

Association between irritability and bias in attention orienting to threat in children and adolescents / Giovanni A. SALUM in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-5 (May 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-5 (May 2017) . - p.595-602 Titre : Association between irritability and bias in attention orienting to threat in children and adolescents Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Giovanni A. SALUM, Auteur ; Karin MOGG, Auteur ; Brendan P. BRADLEY, Auteur ; Argyris STRINGARIS, Auteur ; Ary GADELHA, Auteur ; Pedro M. PAN, Auteur ; Luis A. ROHDE, Auteur ; Guilherme V. POLANCZYK, Auteur ; Gisele G. MANFRO, Auteur ; Daniel S. PINE, Auteur ; Ellen LEIBENLUFT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.595-602 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Irritability  anger  attention  bias  cognition  emotion Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Irritability, a frequent complaint in children with psychiatric disorders, reflects increased predisposition to anger. Preliminary work in pediatric clinical samples links irritability to attention bias to threat, and the current study examines this association in a large population-based sample. Methods We studied 1,872 children (ages 6–14) using the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA), Childhood Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and dot-probe tasks. Irritability was defined using CBCL items that assessed temper tantrums and hot temper. The dot-probe task assessed attention biases for threat-related (angry face) stimuli. Multiple regression analysis was used to assess specificity of associations to irritability when adjusting for demographic variables and co-occurring psychiatric traits. Propensity score matching analysis was used to increase causal inference when matching for demographic variables and co-occurring psychiatric traits. Results Irritability was associated with increased attention bias toward threat-related cues. Multiple regression analysis suggests associations between irritability and threat bias are independent from demographic variables, anxiety, and externalizing traits (attention-deficit/hyperactivity, conduct, and headstrong/hurtful), but not from broad internalizing symptoms. Propensity score matching analysis indicated that this association was found for irritable versus nonirritable groups matched on demographic and co-occurring traits including internalizing symptoms. Conclusions Irritability in children is associated with biased attention toward threatening information. This finding, if replicated, warrants further investigation to examine the extent to which it contributes to chronic irritability and to explore possible treatment implications. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12659 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=306 [article] Association between irritability and bias in attention orienting to threat in children and adolescents [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Giovanni A. SALUM, Auteur ; Karin MOGG, Auteur ; Brendan P. BRADLEY, Auteur ; Argyris STRINGARIS, Auteur ; Ary GADELHA, Auteur ; Pedro M. PAN, Auteur ; Luis A. ROHDE, Auteur ; Guilherme V. POLANCZYK, Auteur ; Gisele G. MANFRO, Auteur ; Daniel S. PINE, Auteur ; Ellen LEIBENLUFT, Auteur . - p.595-602. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-5 (May 2017) . - p.595-602 Mots-clés : Irritability  anger  attention  bias  cognition  emotion Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Irritability, a frequent complaint in children with psychiatric disorders, reflects increased predisposition to anger. Preliminary work in pediatric clinical samples links irritability to attention bias to threat, and the current study examines this association in a large population-based sample. Methods We studied 1,872 children (ages 6–14) using the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA), Childhood Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and dot-probe tasks. Irritability was defined using CBCL items that assessed temper tantrums and hot temper. The dot-probe task assessed attention biases for threat-related (angry face) stimuli. Multiple regression analysis was used to assess specificity of associations to irritability when adjusting for demographic variables and co-occurring psychiatric traits. Propensity score matching analysis was used to increase causal inference when matching for demographic variables and co-occurring psychiatric traits. Results Irritability was associated with increased attention bias toward threat-related cues. Multiple regression analysis suggests associations between irritability and threat bias are independent from demographic variables, anxiety, and externalizing traits (attention-deficit/hyperactivity, conduct, and headstrong/hurtful), but not from broad internalizing symptoms. Propensity score matching analysis indicated that this association was found for irritable versus nonirritable groups matched on demographic and co-occurring traits including internalizing symptoms. Conclusions Irritability in children is associated with biased attention toward threatening information. This finding, if replicated, warrants further investigation to examine the extent to which it contributes to chronic irritability and to explore possible treatment implications. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12659 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=306

Default mode network maturation and psychopathology in children and adolescents / João Ricardo SATO in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-1 (January 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-1 (January 2016) . - p.55-64 Titre : Default mode network maturation and psychopathology in children and adolescents Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : João Ricardo SATO, Auteur ; Giovanni A. SALUM, Auteur ; Ary GADELHA, Auteur ; Nicolas CROSSLEY, Auteur ; Gilson VIEIRA, Auteur ; Gisele Gus MANFRO, Auteur ; André ZUGMAN, Auteur ; Felipe Almeida PICON, Auteur ; Pedro M. PAN, Auteur ; Marcelo Queiroz HOEXTER, Auteur ; Mauricio ANÉS, Auteur ; Luciana Monteiro MOURA, Auteur ; Marco Antonio Gomes DEL'AQUILLA, Auteur ; Edson Amaro JR, Auteur ; Philip MCGUIRE, Auteur ; Acioly Luiz Tavares LACERDA, Auteur ; Luis Augusto ROHDE, Auteur ; Euripedes Constantino MIGUEL, Auteur ; Andrea Parolin JACKOWSKI, Auteur ; Rodrigo Affonseca BRESSAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.55-64 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Neurodevelopment  default mode network  neuroimaging  psychopathology  MVPA Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The human default mode (DMN) is involved in a wide array of mental disorders. Current knowledge suggests that mental health disorders may reflect deviant trajectories of brain maturation. Method We studied 654 children using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans under a resting-state protocol. A machine-learning method was used to obtain age predictions of children based on the average coefficient of fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (fALFFs) of the DMN, a measure of spontaneous local activity. The chronological ages of the children and fALFF measures from regions of this network, the response and predictor variables were considered respectively in a Gaussian Process Regression. Subsequently, we computed a network maturation status index for each subject (actual age minus predicted). We then evaluated the association between this maturation index and psychopathology scores on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Results Our hypothesis was that the maturation status of the DMN would be negatively associated with psychopathology. Consistent with previous studies, fALFF significantly predicted the age of participants (p < .001). Furthermore, as expected, we found an association between the DMN maturation status (precocious vs. delayed) and general psychopathology scores (p = .011). Conclusions Our findings suggest that child psychopathology seems to be associated with delayed maturation of the DMN. This delay in the neurodevelopmental trajectory may offer interesting insights into the pathophysiology of mental health disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12444 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=273 [article] Default mode network maturation and psychopathology in children and adolescents [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / João Ricardo SATO, Auteur ; Giovanni A. SALUM, Auteur ; Ary GADELHA, Auteur ; Nicolas CROSSLEY, Auteur ; Gilson VIEIRA, Auteur ; Gisele Gus MANFRO, Auteur ; André ZUGMAN, Auteur ; Felipe Almeida PICON, Auteur ; Pedro M. PAN, Auteur ; Marcelo Queiroz HOEXTER, Auteur ; Mauricio ANÉS, Auteur ; Luciana Monteiro MOURA, Auteur ; Marco Antonio Gomes DEL'AQUILLA, Auteur ; Edson Amaro JR, Auteur ; Philip MCGUIRE, Auteur ; Acioly Luiz Tavares LACERDA, Auteur ; Luis Augusto ROHDE, Auteur ; Euripedes Constantino MIGUEL, Auteur ; Andrea Parolin JACKOWSKI, Auteur ; Rodrigo Affonseca BRESSAN, Auteur . - p.55-64. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-1 (January 2016) . - p.55-64 Mots-clés : Neurodevelopment  default mode network  neuroimaging  psychopathology  MVPA Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The human default mode (DMN) is involved in a wide array of mental disorders. Current knowledge suggests that mental health disorders may reflect deviant trajectories of brain maturation. Method We studied 654 children using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans under a resting-state protocol. A machine-learning method was used to obtain age predictions of children based on the average coefficient of fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (fALFFs) of the DMN, a measure of spontaneous local activity. The chronological ages of the children and fALFF measures from regions of this network, the response and predictor variables were considered respectively in a Gaussian Process Regression. Subsequently, we computed a network maturation status index for each subject (actual age minus predicted). We then evaluated the association between this maturation index and psychopathology scores on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Results Our hypothesis was that the maturation status of the DMN would be negatively associated with psychopathology. Consistent with previous studies, fALFF significantly predicted the age of participants (p < .001). Furthermore, as expected, we found an association between the DMN maturation status (precocious vs. delayed) and general psychopathology scores (p = .011). Conclusions Our findings suggest that child psychopathology seems to be associated with delayed maturation of the DMN. This delay in the neurodevelopmental trajectory may offer interesting insights into the pathophysiology of mental health disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12444 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=273

Disentangling the influences of parental genetics on offspring's cognition, education, and psychopathology via genetic and phenotypic pathways / Luiza K. AXELRUD in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 64-3 (March 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 64-3 (March 2023) . - p.408-416 Titre : Disentangling the influences of parental genetics on offspring's cognition, education, and psychopathology via genetic and phenotypic pathways Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Luiza K. AXELRUD, Auteur ; Mauricio S. HOFFMANN, Auteur ; Daniel E. VOSBERG, Auteur ; Marcos SANTORO, Auteur ; Pedro M. PAN, Auteur ; Ary GADELHA, Auteur ; Sintia I. BELANGERO, Auteur ; Euripedes C. MIGUEL, Auteur ; Jean SHIN, Auteur ; Anita THAPAR, Auteur ; Jordan W. SMOLLER, Auteur ; Zdenka PAUSOVA, Auteur ; Luis A. ROHDE, Auteur ; Matthew C. KELLER, Auteur ; Tomas PAUS, Auteur ; Giovanni A. SALUM, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.408-416 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Specific pathways of intergenerational transmission of behavioral traits remain unclear. Here, we aim to investigate how parental genetics influence offspring cognition, educational attainment, and psychopathology in youth. Methods Participants for the discovery sample were 2,189 offspring (aged 6-14 years), 1898 mothers and 1,017 fathers who underwent genotyping, psychiatric, and cognitive assessments. We calculated polygenic scores (PGS) for cognition, educational attainment, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and schizophrenia for the trios. Phenotypes studied included educational and cognitive measures, ADHD and psychotic symptoms. We used a stepwise approach and multiple mediation models to analyze the effect of parental PGS on offspring traits via offspring PGS and parental phenotype. Significant results were replicated in a sample of 1,029 adolescents, 363 mothers, and 307 fathers. Results Maternal and paternal PGS for cognition influenced offspring general intelligence and executive function via offspring PGS (genetic pathway) and parental education (phenotypic pathway). Similar results were found for parental PGS for educational attainment and offspring reading and writing skills. These pathways fully explained associations between parental PGS and offspring phenotypes, without residual direct association. Associations with maternal, but not paternal, PGS were replicated. No associations were found between parental PGS for psychopathology and offspring specific symptoms. Conclusions Our findings indicate that parental genetics influences offspring cognition and educational attainment by genetic and phenotypic pathways, suggesting the expression of parental phenotypes partially explain the association between parental genetic risk and offspring outcomes. Multiple mediations might represent an effective approach to disentangle distinct pathways for intergenerational transmission of behavioral traits. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13708 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=493 [article] Disentangling the influences of parental genetics on offspring's cognition, education, and psychopathology via genetic and phenotypic pathways [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Luiza K. AXELRUD, Auteur ; Mauricio S. HOFFMANN, Auteur ; Daniel E. VOSBERG, Auteur ; Marcos SANTORO, Auteur ; Pedro M. PAN, Auteur ; Ary GADELHA, Auteur ; Sintia I. BELANGERO, Auteur ; Euripedes C. MIGUEL, Auteur ; Jean SHIN, Auteur ; Anita THAPAR, Auteur ; Jordan W. SMOLLER, Auteur ; Zdenka PAUSOVA, Auteur ; Luis A. ROHDE, Auteur ; Matthew C. KELLER, Auteur ; Tomas PAUS, Auteur ; Giovanni A. SALUM, Auteur . - p.408-416. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 64-3 (March 2023) . - p.408-416 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Specific pathways of intergenerational transmission of behavioral traits remain unclear. Here, we aim to investigate how parental genetics influence offspring cognition, educational attainment, and psychopathology in youth. Methods Participants for the discovery sample were 2,189 offspring (aged 6-14 years), 1898 mothers and 1,017 fathers who underwent genotyping, psychiatric, and cognitive assessments. We calculated polygenic scores (PGS) for cognition, educational attainment, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and schizophrenia for the trios. Phenotypes studied included educational and cognitive measures, ADHD and psychotic symptoms. We used a stepwise approach and multiple mediation models to analyze the effect of parental PGS on offspring traits via offspring PGS and parental phenotype. Significant results were replicated in a sample of 1,029 adolescents, 363 mothers, and 307 fathers. Results Maternal and paternal PGS for cognition influenced offspring general intelligence and executive function via offspring PGS (genetic pathway) and parental education (phenotypic pathway). Similar results were found for parental PGS for educational attainment and offspring reading and writing skills. These pathways fully explained associations between parental PGS and offspring phenotypes, without residual direct association. Associations with maternal, but not paternal, PGS were replicated. No associations were found between parental PGS for psychopathology and offspring specific symptoms. Conclusions Our findings indicate that parental genetics influences offspring cognition and educational attainment by genetic and phenotypic pathways, suggesting the expression of parental phenotypes partially explain the association between parental genetic risk and offspring outcomes. Multiple mediations might represent an effective approach to disentangle distinct pathways for intergenerational transmission of behavioral traits. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13708 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=493

From positive psychology to psychopathology: the continuum of attention?deficit hyperactivity disorder / Corina U. GREVEN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59-3 (March 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 59-3 (March 2018) . - p.203-212 Titre : From positive psychology to psychopathology: the continuum of attention?deficit hyperactivity disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Corina U. GREVEN, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Giovanni A. SALUM, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.203-212 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Integration of positive psychology into clinical research and treatment has been slow. This integration can be facilitated by the conceptualisation of mental disorders as the high, symptomatic extreme of continuous normal variation. This assumes that there is also a low, positive extreme, which is, however, unchartered territory. This study aims to examine how well current measures capture the low extreme of mental disorder continua, using attention?deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as an example. Methods The ability of three validated scales to capture ADHD as a continuous trait was examined using Item Response Theory in a sample of 9,882 adolescents from the UK population?representative Twins Early Development Study. These scales were: the Strengths and Weakness of ADHD Symptoms and Normal behaviour scale (SWAN), Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ – hyperactivity subscale), and Conners’ Parent Rating Scale (Conners). Results Only the SWAN reliably differentiated interindividual differences between participants lying at any level of the continuous ADHD latent trait, including the extreme low, positive end (z?scores from ?3 to +3). The SDQ showed low reliability across the ADHD latent trait. In contrast, the Conners performed best at differentiating individuals scoring at or above the mean to the high symptomatic range (z?scores from 0 to +3). The SWAN was the only measure to provide indicators of ‘positive mental health’, endorsed in the presence of particularly good attentive abilities. Conclusions Scales such as the SWAN that reliably capture ADHD as a continuous trait, including the positive end, are important for not missing meaningful variation in population?based studies. Indicators of positive mental health may be helpful in clinical practice, as positive attributes have been shown to directly influence as well as buffer negative effects of psychiatric symptoms. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12786 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=339 [article] From positive psychology to psychopathology: the continuum of attention?deficit hyperactivity disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Corina U. GREVEN, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Giovanni A. SALUM, Auteur . - p.203-212. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 59-3 (March 2018) . - p.203-212 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Integration of positive psychology into clinical research and treatment has been slow. This integration can be facilitated by the conceptualisation of mental disorders as the high, symptomatic extreme of continuous normal variation. This assumes that there is also a low, positive extreme, which is, however, unchartered territory. This study aims to examine how well current measures capture the low extreme of mental disorder continua, using attention?deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as an example. Methods The ability of three validated scales to capture ADHD as a continuous trait was examined using Item Response Theory in a sample of 9,882 adolescents from the UK population?representative Twins Early Development Study. These scales were: the Strengths and Weakness of ADHD Symptoms and Normal behaviour scale (SWAN), Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ – hyperactivity subscale), and Conners’ Parent Rating Scale (Conners). Results Only the SWAN reliably differentiated interindividual differences between participants lying at any level of the continuous ADHD latent trait, including the extreme low, positive end (z?scores from ?3 to +3). The SDQ showed low reliability across the ADHD latent trait. In contrast, the Conners performed best at differentiating individuals scoring at or above the mean to the high symptomatic range (z?scores from 0 to +3). The SWAN was the only measure to provide indicators of ‘positive mental health’, endorsed in the presence of particularly good attentive abilities. Conclusions Scales such as the SWAN that reliably capture ADHD as a continuous trait, including the positive end, are important for not missing meaningful variation in population?based studies. Indicators of positive mental health may be helpful in clinical practice, as positive attributes have been shown to directly influence as well as buffer negative effects of psychiatric symptoms. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12786 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=339

Heterotypic trajectories of dimensional psychopathology across the lifespan: the case of youth-onset attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder / A. G. MANFRO in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60-5 (May 2019)  

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Measuring strengths and weaknesses in dimensional psychiatry / L. M. ALEXANDER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61-1 (January 2020)  

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Replication of a predictive model for youth ADHD in an independent sample from a developing country / Cezar H. LORENZI in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 64-1 (January 2023)  

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