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Auteur Fiona S. MCEWEN |
Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur (4)
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Alexithymia and autism diagnostic assessments: Evidence from twins at genetic risk of autism and adults with anorexia nervosa / Hannah HOBSON in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 73 (May 2019)
[article]
Titre : Alexithymia and autism diagnostic assessments: Evidence from twins at genetic risk of autism and adults with anorexia nervosa Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Hannah HOBSON, Auteur ; Heather WESTWOOD, Auteur ; Jane CONWAY, Auteur ; Fiona S. MCEWEN, Auteur ; Emma COLVERT, Auteur ; Caroline CATMUR, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur Article en page(s) : 101531 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADOS Alexithymia Diagnosis Autism Anorexia nervosa Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Alexithymia, a difficulty identifying and communicating one’s own emotions, affects socio-emotional processes, such as emotion recognition and empathy. Co-occurring alexithymia is prevalent in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and underlies some socio-emotional difficulties usually attributed to autism. Socio-emotional abilities are examined during behavioural diagnostic assessments of autism, yet the effect of alexithymia on these assessments is not known. This study aimed to examine the associations between alexithymia and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) assessment scores. Method Two previously collected samples of ADOS assessments were used to examine the relationship between alexithymia and ADOS scores. Participants included 96 women with anorexia, and 147 adolescents who were either high in autistic symptoms, or whose twin had high autistic symptoms. We examined 1) the impact of alexithymia on meeting the criteria for autism/ASD, 2) correlations between alexithymia and ADOS subscales, and 3) whether alexithymia predicted scores on specific ADOS items, selected a priori based on existing literature. Results In the adolescent group, parent-reported (but not self-reported) alexithymia correlated with both ADOS sub-scales, predicted scores on ADOS items, and predicted meeting clinical cut-offs for an ASD/autism diagnosis. Few associations were observed in the anorexic sample between self-reported alexithymia and ADOS subscale and item scores, but the presence of alexithymia predicted the likelihood of meeting diagnostic criteria for autism/ASD in this sample. Conclusions Alexithymia does show relationships with ADOS assessment scores. We discuss potential clinical and research implications, particularly in studies of autism where the ADOS is often the only diagnostic measure used. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101531 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=421
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 73 (May 2019) . - 101531[article] Alexithymia and autism diagnostic assessments: Evidence from twins at genetic risk of autism and adults with anorexia nervosa [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Hannah HOBSON, Auteur ; Heather WESTWOOD, Auteur ; Jane CONWAY, Auteur ; Fiona S. MCEWEN, Auteur ; Emma COLVERT, Auteur ; Caroline CATMUR, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur . - 101531.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 73 (May 2019) . - 101531
Mots-clés : ADOS Alexithymia Diagnosis Autism Anorexia nervosa Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Alexithymia, a difficulty identifying and communicating one’s own emotions, affects socio-emotional processes, such as emotion recognition and empathy. Co-occurring alexithymia is prevalent in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and underlies some socio-emotional difficulties usually attributed to autism. Socio-emotional abilities are examined during behavioural diagnostic assessments of autism, yet the effect of alexithymia on these assessments is not known. This study aimed to examine the associations between alexithymia and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) assessment scores. Method Two previously collected samples of ADOS assessments were used to examine the relationship between alexithymia and ADOS scores. Participants included 96 women with anorexia, and 147 adolescents who were either high in autistic symptoms, or whose twin had high autistic symptoms. We examined 1) the impact of alexithymia on meeting the criteria for autism/ASD, 2) correlations between alexithymia and ADOS subscales, and 3) whether alexithymia predicted scores on specific ADOS items, selected a priori based on existing literature. Results In the adolescent group, parent-reported (but not self-reported) alexithymia correlated with both ADOS sub-scales, predicted scores on ADOS items, and predicted meeting clinical cut-offs for an ASD/autism diagnosis. Few associations were observed in the anorexic sample between self-reported alexithymia and ADOS subscale and item scores, but the presence of alexithymia predicted the likelihood of meeting diagnostic criteria for autism/ASD in this sample. Conclusions Alexithymia does show relationships with ADOS assessment scores. We discuss potential clinical and research implications, particularly in studies of autism where the ADOS is often the only diagnostic measure used. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101531 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=421 Diagnosing autism spectrum disorder in community settings using the Development and Well-Being Assessment: validation in a UK population-based twin sample / Fiona S. MCEWEN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-2 (February 2016)
[article]
Titre : Diagnosing autism spectrum disorder in community settings using the Development and Well-Being Assessment: validation in a UK population-based twin sample Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Fiona S. MCEWEN, Auteur ; Catherine S. STEWART, Auteur ; Emma COLVERT, Auteur ; Emma WOODHOUSE, Auteur ; Sarah CURRAN, Auteur ; Nicola GILLAN, Auteur ; Victoria HALLETT, Auteur ; Stephanie LIETZ, Auteur ; Tracy GARNETT, Auteur ; Angelica RONALD, Auteur ; Declan MURPHY, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur ; Patrick BOLTON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.161-170 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder adolescence assessment diagnosis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Increasing numbers of people are being referred for the assessment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The NICE (UK) and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend gathering a developmental history using a tool that operationalises ICD/DSM criteria. However, the best-established diagnostic interview instruments are time consuming, costly and rarely used outside national specialist centres. What is needed is a brief, cost-effective measure validated in community settings. We tested the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) for diagnosing ASD in a sample of children/adolescents representative of those presenting in community mental health settings. Methods A general population sample of twins (TEDS) was screened and 276 adolescents were selected as at low (CAST score < 12; n = 164) or high risk for ASD (CAST score ? 15 and/or parent reported that ASD suspected/previously diagnosed; n = 112). Parents completed the ASD module of the DAWBA interview by telephone or online. Families were visited at home: the ADI-R and autism diagnostic observation schedule (ADOS) were completed to allow a best-estimate research diagnosis of ASD to be made. Results Development and Well-Being Assessment ASD symptom scores correlated highly with ADI-R algorithm scores (? = .82, p < .001). Good sensitivity (0.88) and specificity (0.85) were achieved using DAWBA computerised algorithms. Clinician review of responses to DAWBA questions minimally changed sensitivity (0.86) and specificity (0.87). Positive (0.82–0.95) and negative (0.90) predictive values were high. Eighty-six per cent of children were correctly classified. Performance was improved by using it in conjunction with the ADOS. Conclusions The DAWBA is a brief structured interview that showed good sensitivity and specificity in this general population sample. It requires little training, is easy to administer (online or by interview) and diagnosis is aided by an algorithm. It holds promise as a tool for assisting with assessment in community settings and may help services implement the recommendations made by NICE and the American Academy of Pediatrics regarding diagnosis of young people on the autism spectrum. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12447 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=280
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-2 (February 2016) . - p.161-170[article] Diagnosing autism spectrum disorder in community settings using the Development and Well-Being Assessment: validation in a UK population-based twin sample [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Fiona S. MCEWEN, Auteur ; Catherine S. STEWART, Auteur ; Emma COLVERT, Auteur ; Emma WOODHOUSE, Auteur ; Sarah CURRAN, Auteur ; Nicola GILLAN, Auteur ; Victoria HALLETT, Auteur ; Stephanie LIETZ, Auteur ; Tracy GARNETT, Auteur ; Angelica RONALD, Auteur ; Declan MURPHY, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur ; Patrick BOLTON, Auteur . - p.161-170.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-2 (February 2016) . - p.161-170
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder adolescence assessment diagnosis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Increasing numbers of people are being referred for the assessment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The NICE (UK) and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend gathering a developmental history using a tool that operationalises ICD/DSM criteria. However, the best-established diagnostic interview instruments are time consuming, costly and rarely used outside national specialist centres. What is needed is a brief, cost-effective measure validated in community settings. We tested the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) for diagnosing ASD in a sample of children/adolescents representative of those presenting in community mental health settings. Methods A general population sample of twins (TEDS) was screened and 276 adolescents were selected as at low (CAST score < 12; n = 164) or high risk for ASD (CAST score ? 15 and/or parent reported that ASD suspected/previously diagnosed; n = 112). Parents completed the ASD module of the DAWBA interview by telephone or online. Families were visited at home: the ADI-R and autism diagnostic observation schedule (ADOS) were completed to allow a best-estimate research diagnosis of ASD to be made. Results Development and Well-Being Assessment ASD symptom scores correlated highly with ADI-R algorithm scores (? = .82, p < .001). Good sensitivity (0.88) and specificity (0.85) were achieved using DAWBA computerised algorithms. Clinician review of responses to DAWBA questions minimally changed sensitivity (0.86) and specificity (0.87). Positive (0.82–0.95) and negative (0.90) predictive values were high. Eighty-six per cent of children were correctly classified. Performance was improved by using it in conjunction with the ADOS. Conclusions The DAWBA is a brief structured interview that showed good sensitivity and specificity in this general population sample. It requires little training, is easy to administer (online or by interview) and diagnosis is aided by an algorithm. It holds promise as a tool for assisting with assessment in community settings and may help services implement the recommendations made by NICE and the American Academy of Pediatrics regarding diagnosis of young people on the autism spectrum. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12447 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=280 Predictors of psychological risk and resilience among Syrian refugee children / Cassandra M. POPHAM in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 64-1 (January 2023)
[article]
Titre : Predictors of psychological risk and resilience among Syrian refugee children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Cassandra M. POPHAM, Auteur ; Fiona S. MCEWEN, Auteur ; Elie KARAM, Auteur ; John FAYYAD, Auteur ; Georges KARAM, Auteur ; Dahlia SAAB, Auteur ; Patricia MOGHAMES, Auteur ; Michael PLUESS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.91-99 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Objectives War-exposed refugee children are at elevated risk for mental health problems, but a notable proportion appear resilient. We aimed to investigate the proportion of Syrian refugee children who can be considered resilient, and applied a novel approach to identify factors predicting individual differences in mental health outcomes following war exposure. Methods The sample included 1,528 war-exposed Syrian refugee children and their primary caregiver living in refugee settlements in Lebanon. Children were classed as having low symptoms (LS) if they scored below clinically validated cut-offs for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and externalising behaviour problems. Children scoring above any cut-off were classified as having high symptoms (HS). Each LS child was matched with one HS who reported similar war exposure, to test what differentiates children with similar exposures but different outcomes. Results 19.3% of the children met our resilience criteria and were considered LS. At the individual level, protective traits (e.g. self-esteem; OR=1.51, 95% CI [1.25, 1.81]) predicted LS classification, while environmental sensitivity (OR=0.69, 95% CI [0.59, 0.82]), poorer general health (OR=0.71, 95% CI [0.58, 0.87]) and specific coping strategies (e.g. avoidance; OR=0.90, 95% CI [0.85, 0.96]) predicted HS classification. Social/environmental predictors included perceived social support (OR=1.23, 95% CI [1.02, 1.49]), loneliness and social isolation (OR=0.85, 95% CI [0.80, 0.90]), child maltreatment (OR=0.96, 95% CI [0.94, 0.97]), and caregiver mental and general health (e.g. caregiver depression; OR=0.94, 95% CI [0.92, 0.97]). Conclusions Future research should take multiple dimensions of functioning into account when defining risk for mental health problems and consider the identified predictors as potential targets for interventions. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13670 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=490
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 64-1 (January 2023) . - p.91-99[article] Predictors of psychological risk and resilience among Syrian refugee children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Cassandra M. POPHAM, Auteur ; Fiona S. MCEWEN, Auteur ; Elie KARAM, Auteur ; John FAYYAD, Auteur ; Georges KARAM, Auteur ; Dahlia SAAB, Auteur ; Patricia MOGHAMES, Auteur ; Michael PLUESS, Auteur . - p.91-99.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 64-1 (January 2023) . - p.91-99
Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Objectives War-exposed refugee children are at elevated risk for mental health problems, but a notable proportion appear resilient. We aimed to investigate the proportion of Syrian refugee children who can be considered resilient, and applied a novel approach to identify factors predicting individual differences in mental health outcomes following war exposure. Methods The sample included 1,528 war-exposed Syrian refugee children and their primary caregiver living in refugee settlements in Lebanon. Children were classed as having low symptoms (LS) if they scored below clinically validated cut-offs for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and externalising behaviour problems. Children scoring above any cut-off were classified as having high symptoms (HS). Each LS child was matched with one HS who reported similar war exposure, to test what differentiates children with similar exposures but different outcomes. Results 19.3% of the children met our resilience criteria and were considered LS. At the individual level, protective traits (e.g. self-esteem; OR=1.51, 95% CI [1.25, 1.81]) predicted LS classification, while environmental sensitivity (OR=0.69, 95% CI [0.59, 0.82]), poorer general health (OR=0.71, 95% CI [0.58, 0.87]) and specific coping strategies (e.g. avoidance; OR=0.90, 95% CI [0.85, 0.96]) predicted HS classification. Social/environmental predictors included perceived social support (OR=1.23, 95% CI [1.02, 1.49]), loneliness and social isolation (OR=0.85, 95% CI [0.80, 0.90]), child maltreatment (OR=0.96, 95% CI [0.94, 0.97]), and caregiver mental and general health (e.g. caregiver depression; OR=0.94, 95% CI [0.92, 0.97]). Conclusions Future research should take multiple dimensions of functioning into account when defining risk for mental health problems and consider the identified predictors as potential targets for interventions. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13670 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=490 Screening for co-occurring conditions in adults with autism spectrum disorder using the strengths and difficulties questionnaire: A pilot study / James FINDON in Autism Research, 9-12 (December 2016)
[article]
Titre : Screening for co-occurring conditions in adults with autism spectrum disorder using the strengths and difficulties questionnaire: A pilot study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : James FINDON, Auteur ; Tim CADMAN, Auteur ; Catherine S. STEWART, Auteur ; Emma WOODHOUSE, Auteur ; Hanna EKLUND, Auteur ; Hannah HAYWARD, Auteur ; Daniel DE LE HARPE GOLDEN, Auteur ; Eddie CHAPLIN, Auteur ; Karen GLASER, Auteur ; Emily SIMONOFF, Auteur ; Declan MURPHY, Auteur ; Patrick BOLTON, Auteur ; Fiona S. MCEWEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1353-1363 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder co-occurring disorder co-morbid disorder hyperactivity attention deficit hyperactivity disorder anxiety depression obsessive–compulsive disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at elevated risk of co-occurring mental health problems. These are often undiagnosed, can cause significant impairment, and place a very high burden on family and carers. Detecting co-occurring disorders is extremely important. However, there is no validated screening tool for this purpose. The aim of this pilot study is to test the utility of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) to screen for co-occurring emotional disorders and hyperactivity in adolescents and adults with ASD. The SDQ was completed by 126 parents and 98 individuals with ASD (in 79 cases both parent and self-report were available from the same families). Inter-rater reliability, test-retest stability, internal consistency, and construct validity were examined. SDQ subscales were also compared to clinically utilized measures of emotional disorders and hyperactivity to establish the ability to predict risk of disorder. Inter-rater reliability (r?=?0.42), test-retest stability (r?=?0.64), internal consistency (??=?0.52–0.81) and construct validity (r?=?0.42–0.57) for the SDQ subscales were comparable to general population samples. Parent- and self-report SDQ subscales were significantly associated with measures of anxiety, depression and hyperactivity (62–74% correctly classified). Parent-report performed significantly better than self-report; adults with ASD under-reported difficulties. The SDQ shows promise as a simple and efficient way to screen for emotional disorders and hyperactivity in adolescents and adults with ASD that could help reduce the impact of these disorders on individuals and their families. However, further more systematic attempts at validation are warranted. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1625 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298
in Autism Research > 9-12 (December 2016) . - p.1353-1363[article] Screening for co-occurring conditions in adults with autism spectrum disorder using the strengths and difficulties questionnaire: A pilot study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / James FINDON, Auteur ; Tim CADMAN, Auteur ; Catherine S. STEWART, Auteur ; Emma WOODHOUSE, Auteur ; Hanna EKLUND, Auteur ; Hannah HAYWARD, Auteur ; Daniel DE LE HARPE GOLDEN, Auteur ; Eddie CHAPLIN, Auteur ; Karen GLASER, Auteur ; Emily SIMONOFF, Auteur ; Declan MURPHY, Auteur ; Patrick BOLTON, Auteur ; Fiona S. MCEWEN, Auteur . - p.1353-1363.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 9-12 (December 2016) . - p.1353-1363
Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder co-occurring disorder co-morbid disorder hyperactivity attention deficit hyperactivity disorder anxiety depression obsessive–compulsive disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at elevated risk of co-occurring mental health problems. These are often undiagnosed, can cause significant impairment, and place a very high burden on family and carers. Detecting co-occurring disorders is extremely important. However, there is no validated screening tool for this purpose. The aim of this pilot study is to test the utility of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) to screen for co-occurring emotional disorders and hyperactivity in adolescents and adults with ASD. The SDQ was completed by 126 parents and 98 individuals with ASD (in 79 cases both parent and self-report were available from the same families). Inter-rater reliability, test-retest stability, internal consistency, and construct validity were examined. SDQ subscales were also compared to clinically utilized measures of emotional disorders and hyperactivity to establish the ability to predict risk of disorder. Inter-rater reliability (r?=?0.42), test-retest stability (r?=?0.64), internal consistency (??=?0.52–0.81) and construct validity (r?=?0.42–0.57) for the SDQ subscales were comparable to general population samples. Parent- and self-report SDQ subscales were significantly associated with measures of anxiety, depression and hyperactivity (62–74% correctly classified). Parent-report performed significantly better than self-report; adults with ASD under-reported difficulties. The SDQ shows promise as a simple and efficient way to screen for emotional disorders and hyperactivity in adolescents and adults with ASD that could help reduce the impact of these disorders on individuals and their families. However, further more systematic attempts at validation are warranted. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1625 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298