Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur

Alexithymia and autism diagnostic assessments: Evidence from twins at genetic risk of autism and adults with anorexia nervosa / Hannah HOBSON in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 73 (May 2019) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 73 (May 2019) . - 101531 Titre : Alexithymia and autism diagnostic assessments: Evidence from twins at genetic risk of autism and adults with anorexia nervosa Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Hannah HOBSON, Auteur ; Heather WESTWOOD, Auteur ; Jane CONWAY, Auteur ; Fiona S. MCEWEN, Auteur ; Emma COLVERT, Auteur ; Caroline CATMUR, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur Article en page(s) : 101531 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADOS  Alexithymia  Diagnosis  Autism  Anorexia nervosa Résumé : Background Alexithymia, a difficulty identifying and communicating one’s own emotions, affects socio-emotional processes, such as emotion recognition and empathy. Co-occurring alexithymia is prevalent in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and underlies some socio-emotional difficulties usually attributed to autism. Socio-emotional abilities are examined during behavioural diagnostic assessments of autism, yet the effect of alexithymia on these assessments is not known. This study aimed to examine the associations between alexithymia and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) assessment scores. Method Two previously collected samples of ADOS assessments were used to examine the relationship between alexithymia and ADOS scores. Participants included 96 women with anorexia, and 147 adolescents who were either high in autistic symptoms, or whose twin had high autistic symptoms. We examined 1) the impact of alexithymia on meeting the criteria for autism/ASD, 2) correlations between alexithymia and ADOS subscales, and 3) whether alexithymia predicted scores on specific ADOS items, selected a priori based on existing literature. Results In the adolescent group, parent-reported (but not self-reported) alexithymia correlated with both ADOS sub-scales, predicted scores on ADOS items, and predicted meeting clinical cut-offs for an ASD/autism diagnosis. Few associations were observed in the anorexic sample between self-reported alexithymia and ADOS subscale and item scores, but the presence of alexithymia predicted the likelihood of meeting diagnostic criteria for autism/ASD in this sample. Conclusions Alexithymia does show relationships with ADOS assessment scores. We discuss potential clinical and research implications, particularly in studies of autism where the ADOS is often the only diagnostic measure used. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101531 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4219 [article] Alexithymia and autism diagnostic assessments: Evidence from twins at genetic risk of autism and adults with anorexia nervosa [texte imprimé] / Hannah HOBSON, Auteur ; Heather WESTWOOD, Auteur ; Jane CONWAY, Auteur ; Fiona S. MCEWEN, Auteur ; Emma COLVERT, Auteur ; Caroline CATMUR, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur . - 101531. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 73 (May 2019) . - 101531 Mots-clés : ADOS  Alexithymia  Diagnosis  Autism  Anorexia nervosa Résumé : Background Alexithymia, a difficulty identifying and communicating one’s own emotions, affects socio-emotional processes, such as emotion recognition and empathy. Co-occurring alexithymia is prevalent in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and underlies some socio-emotional difficulties usually attributed to autism. Socio-emotional abilities are examined during behavioural diagnostic assessments of autism, yet the effect of alexithymia on these assessments is not known. This study aimed to examine the associations between alexithymia and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) assessment scores. Method Two previously collected samples of ADOS assessments were used to examine the relationship between alexithymia and ADOS scores. Participants included 96 women with anorexia, and 147 adolescents who were either high in autistic symptoms, or whose twin had high autistic symptoms. We examined 1) the impact of alexithymia on meeting the criteria for autism/ASD, 2) correlations between alexithymia and ADOS subscales, and 3) whether alexithymia predicted scores on specific ADOS items, selected a priori based on existing literature. Results In the adolescent group, parent-reported (but not self-reported) alexithymia correlated with both ADOS sub-scales, predicted scores on ADOS items, and predicted meeting clinical cut-offs for an ASD/autism diagnosis. Few associations were observed in the anorexic sample between self-reported alexithymia and ADOS subscale and item scores, but the presence of alexithymia predicted the likelihood of meeting diagnostic criteria for autism/ASD in this sample. Conclusions Alexithymia does show relationships with ADOS assessment scores. We discuss potential clinical and research implications, particularly in studies of autism where the ADOS is often the only diagnostic measure used. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101531 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4219

Alexithymia in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Its Relationship to Internalising Difficulties, Sensory Modulation and Social Cognition / Bosiljka MILOSAVLJEVIC in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-4 (April 2016) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-4 (April 2016) . - p.1354-1367 Titre : Alexithymia in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Its Relationship to Internalising Difficulties, Sensory Modulation and Social Cognition Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Bosiljka MILOSAVLJEVIC, Auteur ; Virginia CARTER LENO, Auteur ; Emily SIMONOFF, Auteur ; Gillian BAIRD, Auteur ; Andrew PICKLES, Auteur ; Catherine R. G. JONES, Auteur ; Catherine ERSKINE, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1354-1367 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Alexithymia  Autism spectrum disorder  Emotion recognition  Theory of mind  Anxiety  Sensory processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Alexithymia is a personality trait frequently found in adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and has been linked to impairments in emotion recognition and empathy. The presentation of alexithymia within ASD at younger ages remains unexplored, and was examined in the present study. Alexithymia rates were significantly elevated in ASD (55 %; 31/56 scoring above cut-off) versus non-ASD adolescents (16 %; 5/32 scoring above cut-off). Within individuals with ASD, alexithymia was associated with increased self-reported anxiety, parent-reported emotional difficulties, self-reported sensory processing atypicalities, and poorer emotion recognition, but was not associated with theory of mind ability. Overall, our results suggest that alexithymia is highly prevalent, and has selective cognitive correlates in young people with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2670-8 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2848 [article] Alexithymia in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Its Relationship to Internalising Difficulties, Sensory Modulation and Social Cognition [texte imprimé] / Bosiljka MILOSAVLJEVIC, Auteur ; Virginia CARTER LENO, Auteur ; Emily SIMONOFF, Auteur ; Gillian BAIRD, Auteur ; Andrew PICKLES, Auteur ; Catherine R. G. JONES, Auteur ; Catherine ERSKINE, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur . - p.1354-1367. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-4 (April 2016) . - p.1354-1367 Mots-clés : Alexithymia  Autism spectrum disorder  Emotion recognition  Theory of mind  Anxiety  Sensory processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Alexithymia is a personality trait frequently found in adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and has been linked to impairments in emotion recognition and empathy. The presentation of alexithymia within ASD at younger ages remains unexplored, and was examined in the present study. Alexithymia rates were significantly elevated in ASD (55 %; 31/56 scoring above cut-off) versus non-ASD adolescents (16 %; 5/32 scoring above cut-off). Within individuals with ASD, alexithymia was associated with increased self-reported anxiety, parent-reported emotional difficulties, self-reported sensory processing atypicalities, and poorer emotion recognition, but was not associated with theory of mind ability. Overall, our results suggest that alexithymia is highly prevalent, and has selective cognitive correlates in young people with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2670-8 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2848

Annual Research Review: Looking back to look forward - changes in the concept of autism and implications for future research / Francesca HAPPE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61-3 (March 2020) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 61-3 (March 2020) . - p.218-232 Titre : Annual Research Review: Looking back to look forward - changes in the concept of autism and implications for future research Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Francesca HAPPE, Auteur ; Uta FRITH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.218-232 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Asperger disorder  Autism spectrum disorders  neurodevelopmental disorders  social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The concept of autism is a significant contribution from child psychiatry that has entered wider culture and public consciousness, and has evolved significantly over the last four decades. Taking a rather personal retrospective, reflecting on our own time in autism research, this review explores changes in the concept of autism and the implications of these for future research. We focus on seven major changes in how autism is thought of, operationalised, and recognised: (1) from a narrow definition to wide diagnostic criteria; (2) from a rare to a relatively common condition, although probably still under-recognised in women; (3) from something affecting children, to a lifelong condition; (4) from something discreet and distinct, to a dimensional view; (5) from one thing to many 'autisms', and a compound or 'fractionable' condition; (6) from a focus on 'pure' autism, to recognition that complexity and comorbidity is the norm; and finally, (7) from conceptualising autism purely as a 'developmental disorder', to recognising a neurodiversity perspective, operationalised in participatory research models. We conclude with some challenges for the field and suggestions for areas currently neglected in autism research. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13176 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4200 [article] Annual Research Review: Looking back to look forward - changes in the concept of autism and implications for future research [texte imprimé] / Francesca HAPPE, Auteur ; Uta FRITH, Auteur . - p.218-232. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 61-3 (March 2020) . - p.218-232 Mots-clés : Asperger disorder  Autism spectrum disorders  neurodevelopmental disorders  social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The concept of autism is a significant contribution from child psychiatry that has entered wider culture and public consciousness, and has evolved significantly over the last four decades. Taking a rather personal retrospective, reflecting on our own time in autism research, this review explores changes in the concept of autism and the implications of these for future research. We focus on seven major changes in how autism is thought of, operationalised, and recognised: (1) from a narrow definition to wide diagnostic criteria; (2) from a rare to a relatively common condition, although probably still under-recognised in women; (3) from something affecting children, to a lifelong condition; (4) from something discreet and distinct, to a dimensional view; (5) from one thing to many 'autisms', and a compound or 'fractionable' condition; (6) from a focus on 'pure' autism, to recognition that complexity and comorbidity is the norm; and finally, (7) from conceptualising autism purely as a 'developmental disorder', to recognising a neurodiversity perspective, operationalised in participatory research models. We conclude with some challenges for the field and suggestions for areas currently neglected in autism research. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13176 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4200

Annual Research Review: Towards a developmental neuroscience of atypical social cognition / Francesca HAPPE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-6 (June 2014) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-6 (June 2014) . - p.553-577 Titre : Annual Research Review: Towards a developmental neuroscience of atypical social cognition Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Francesca HAPPE, Auteur ; Uta FRITH, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p.553-577 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Social cognition  autism spectrum disorders  theory of mind  empathy  brain development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract As a starting point for our review we use a developmental timeline, starting from birth and divided into major developmental epochs defined by key milestones of social cognition in typical development. For each epoch, we highlight those developmental disorders that diverge from the normal developmental pattern, what is known about these key milestones in the major disorders affecting social cognition, and any available research on the neural basis of these differences. We relate behavioural observations to four major networks of the social brain, that is, Amygdala, Mentalizing, Emotion and Mirror networks. We focus on those developmental disorders that are characterized primarily by social atypicality, such as autism spectrum disorder, social anxiety and a variety of genetically defined syndromes. The processes and aspects of social cognition we highlight are sketched in a putative network diagram, and include: agent identification, emotion processing and empathy, mental state attribution, self-processing and social hierarchy mapping involving social ‘policing’ and in-group/out-group categorization. Developmental disorders reveal some dissociable deficits in different components of this map of social cognition. This broad review across disorders, ages and aspects of social cognition leads us to some key questions: How can we best distinguish primary from secondary social disorders? Is social cognition especially vulnerable to developmental disorder, or surprisingly robust? Are cascading notions of social development, in which early functions are essential stepping stones or building bricks for later abilities, necessarily correct? En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12162 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2340 [article] Annual Research Review: Towards a developmental neuroscience of atypical social cognition [texte imprimé] / Francesca HAPPE, Auteur ; Uta FRITH, Auteur . - 2014 . - p.553-577. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-6 (June 2014) . - p.553-577 Mots-clés : Social cognition  autism spectrum disorders  theory of mind  empathy  brain development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract As a starting point for our review we use a developmental timeline, starting from birth and divided into major developmental epochs defined by key milestones of social cognition in typical development. For each epoch, we highlight those developmental disorders that diverge from the normal developmental pattern, what is known about these key milestones in the major disorders affecting social cognition, and any available research on the neural basis of these differences. We relate behavioural observations to four major networks of the social brain, that is, Amygdala, Mentalizing, Emotion and Mirror networks. We focus on those developmental disorders that are characterized primarily by social atypicality, such as autism spectrum disorder, social anxiety and a variety of genetically defined syndromes. The processes and aspects of social cognition we highlight are sketched in a putative network diagram, and include: agent identification, emotion processing and empathy, mental state attribution, self-processing and social hierarchy mapping involving social ‘policing’ and in-group/out-group categorization. Developmental disorders reveal some dissociable deficits in different components of this map of social cognition. This broad review across disorders, ages and aspects of social cognition leads us to some key questions: How can we best distinguish primary from secondary social disorders? Is social cognition especially vulnerable to developmental disorder, or surprisingly robust? Are cascading notions of social development, in which early functions are essential stepping stones or building bricks for later abilities, necessarily correct? En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12162 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2340

Assessing Theory of Mind Nonverbally in Those With Intellectual Disability and ASD: The Penny Hiding Game / Antonia SAN JOSE CACERES in Autism Research, 7-5 (October 2014) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Autism Research > 7-5 (October 2014) . - p.608-616 Titre : Assessing Theory of Mind Nonverbally in Those With Intellectual Disability and ASD: The Penny Hiding Game Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Antonia SAN JOSE CACERES, Auteur ; Noa KEREN, Auteur ; Rhonda BOOTH, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.608-616 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  intellectual disability  Penny Hiding Game  theory of mind  everyday functioning  adaptive functioning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and low intellectual/language abilities are often omitted from experimental studies because of the challenges of testing these individuals. It is vital to develop appropriate and accessible tasks so that this significant part of the spectrum is not neglected. The theory of mind (ToM) has been extensively assessed in ASD, predominantly in relatively high-functioning individuals with reasonable language skills. This study aims to assess the ToM abilities of a sample of 132 participants with intellectual disability (ID) with and without ASD, matched in verbal mental age (VMA) and chronological age, using a naturalistic and nonverbal deception task: the Penny Hiding Game (PHG). The relationship between performance on the PHG and everyday adaptation was also studied. The PHG proved accessible to most participants, suggesting its suitability for use with individuals with low cognitive skills, attentional problems, and limited language. The ASD?+?ID group showed significantly more PHG errors, and fewer tricks, than the ID group. PHG performance correlated with Vineland adaptation scores for both groups. VMA was a major predictor of passing the task in both groups, and participants with ASD?+?ID required, on average, 2 years higher VMA than those with ID only, to achieve the same level of PHG success. VMA moderated the association between PHG performance and real-life social skills for the ASD?+?ID more than the ID group, suggesting that severely impaired individuals with ASD may rely on verbal ability to overcome their social difficulties, whereas individuals with ID alone may use more intuitive social understanding both in the PHG and everyday situations. Autism Res 2014, 7: 608–616. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1405 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2414 [article] Assessing Theory of Mind Nonverbally in Those With Intellectual Disability and ASD: The Penny Hiding Game [texte imprimé] / Antonia SAN JOSE CACERES, Auteur ; Noa KEREN, Auteur ; Rhonda BOOTH, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur . - p.608-616. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-5 (October 2014) . - p.608-616 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  intellectual disability  Penny Hiding Game  theory of mind  everyday functioning  adaptive functioning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and low intellectual/language abilities are often omitted from experimental studies because of the challenges of testing these individuals. It is vital to develop appropriate and accessible tasks so that this significant part of the spectrum is not neglected. The theory of mind (ToM) has been extensively assessed in ASD, predominantly in relatively high-functioning individuals with reasonable language skills. This study aims to assess the ToM abilities of a sample of 132 participants with intellectual disability (ID) with and without ASD, matched in verbal mental age (VMA) and chronological age, using a naturalistic and nonverbal deception task: the Penny Hiding Game (PHG). The relationship between performance on the PHG and everyday adaptation was also studied. The PHG proved accessible to most participants, suggesting its suitability for use with individuals with low cognitive skills, attentional problems, and limited language. The ASD?+?ID group showed significantly more PHG errors, and fewer tricks, than the ID group. PHG performance correlated with Vineland adaptation scores for both groups. VMA was a major predictor of passing the task in both groups, and participants with ASD?+?ID required, on average, 2 years higher VMA than those with ID only, to achieve the same level of PHG success. VMA moderated the association between PHG performance and real-life social skills for the ASD?+?ID more than the ID group, suggesting that severely impaired individuals with ASD may rely on verbal ability to overcome their social difficulties, whereas individuals with ID alone may use more intuitive social understanding both in the PHG and everyday situations. Autism Res 2014, 7: 608–616. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1405 Permalink : http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2414

Autism and pitch processing splinter skills / Pamela HEATON in Autism, 12-2 (March 2008) 

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Autism. / Sue FLETCHER-WATSON

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Autism screening and diagnosis in low resource settings: Challenges and opportunities to enhance research and services worldwide / Maureen S. DURKIN in Autism Research, 8-5 (October 2015) 

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Being Aware of Own Performance: How Accurately Do Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder Judge Own Memory Performance? / Mette ELMOSE in Autism Research, 7-6 (December 2014) 

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Beyond Perception: Musical Representation and On-line Processing in Autism / Pamela HEATON in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37-7 (August 2007) 

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Book Reviews / Francesca HAPPE in Autism, 2-2 (June 1998) 

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Brief Report: Information Processing Speed is Intact in Autism but not Correlated with Measured Intelligence / Gregory L. WALLACE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39-5 (May 2009) 

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Brief Report: No Increase in Criminal Convictions in Hans Asperger’s Original Cohort / Kathrin HIPPLER in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40-6 (June 2010) 

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Brief Report: Selective Social Anhedonia in High Functioning Autism / Coralie CHEVALLIER in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42-7 (July 2012) 

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Can Neurotypical Individuals Read Autistic Facial Expressions? Atypical Production of Emotional Facial Expressions in Autism Spectrum Disorders / Rebecca BREWER in Autism Research, 9-2 (February 2016) 

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