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Auteur Simon BARON-COHEN |
Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur (175)
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Serum proteomic analysis identifies sex-specific differences in lipid metabolism and inflammation profiles in adults diagnosed with Asperger syndrome / Hannah STEEB in Molecular Autism, (January 2014)
[article]
Titre : Serum proteomic analysis identifies sex-specific differences in lipid metabolism and inflammation profiles in adults diagnosed with Asperger syndrome Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Hannah STEEB, Auteur ; Jordan RAMSEY, Auteur ; Paul GUEST, Auteur ; Pawel STOCKI, Auteur ; Jason COOPER, Auteur ; Hassan RAHMOUNE, Auteur ; Erin INGUDOMNUKUL, Auteur ; Bonnie AUYEUNG, Auteur ; Liliana RUTA, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Sabine BAHN, Auteur Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The higher prevalence of Asperger Syndrome (AS) and other autism spectrum conditions in males has been known for many years. However, recent multiplex immunoassay profiling studies have shown that males and females with AS have distinct proteomic changes in serum. Here, we analysed sera from adults diagnosed with AS (males=14, females=16) and controls (males=13, females=16) not on medication at the time of sample collection, using a combination of multiplex immunoassay and shotgun label-free liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MSE). The main objective was to identify sex-specific serum protein changes associated with AS. Multiplex immunoassay profiling led to identification of 16 proteins that were significantly altered in AS individuals in a sex-specific manner. Three of these proteins were altered in females (ADIPO, IgA, APOA1), seven were changed in males (BMP6, CTGF, ICAM1, IL-12p70, IL-16, TF, TNF-alpha) and six were changed in both sexes but in opposite directions (CHGA, EPO, IL-3, TENA, PAP, SHBG). Shotgun LC-MSE profiling led to identification of 13 serum proteins which had significant sex-specific changes in the AS group and, of these, 12 were altered in females (APOC2, APOE, ARMC3, CLC4K, FETUB, GLCE, MRRP1, PTPA, RN149, TLE1, TRIPB, ZC3HE) and one protein was altered in males (RGPD4). The free androgen index in females with AS showed an increased ratio of 1.63 compared to controls.CONCLUSION:Taken together, the serum multiplex immunoassay and shotgun LC-MSE profiling results indicate that adult females with AS had alterations in proteins involved mostly in lipid transport and metabolism pathways, while adult males with AS showed changes predominantly in inflammation signalling. These results provide further evidence that the search for biomarkers or novel drug targets in AS may require stratification into male and female subgroups, and could lead to the development of novel targeted treatment approaches. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2040-2392-5-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=227
in Molecular Autism > (January 2014)[article] Serum proteomic analysis identifies sex-specific differences in lipid metabolism and inflammation profiles in adults diagnosed with Asperger syndrome [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Hannah STEEB, Auteur ; Jordan RAMSEY, Auteur ; Paul GUEST, Auteur ; Pawel STOCKI, Auteur ; Jason COOPER, Auteur ; Hassan RAHMOUNE, Auteur ; Erin INGUDOMNUKUL, Auteur ; Bonnie AUYEUNG, Auteur ; Liliana RUTA, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Sabine BAHN, Auteur.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > (January 2014)
Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The higher prevalence of Asperger Syndrome (AS) and other autism spectrum conditions in males has been known for many years. However, recent multiplex immunoassay profiling studies have shown that males and females with AS have distinct proteomic changes in serum. Here, we analysed sera from adults diagnosed with AS (males=14, females=16) and controls (males=13, females=16) not on medication at the time of sample collection, using a combination of multiplex immunoassay and shotgun label-free liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MSE). The main objective was to identify sex-specific serum protein changes associated with AS. Multiplex immunoassay profiling led to identification of 16 proteins that were significantly altered in AS individuals in a sex-specific manner. Three of these proteins were altered in females (ADIPO, IgA, APOA1), seven were changed in males (BMP6, CTGF, ICAM1, IL-12p70, IL-16, TF, TNF-alpha) and six were changed in both sexes but in opposite directions (CHGA, EPO, IL-3, TENA, PAP, SHBG). Shotgun LC-MSE profiling led to identification of 13 serum proteins which had significant sex-specific changes in the AS group and, of these, 12 were altered in females (APOC2, APOE, ARMC3, CLC4K, FETUB, GLCE, MRRP1, PTPA, RN149, TLE1, TRIPB, ZC3HE) and one protein was altered in males (RGPD4). The free androgen index in females with AS showed an increased ratio of 1.63 compared to controls.CONCLUSION:Taken together, the serum multiplex immunoassay and shotgun LC-MSE profiling results indicate that adult females with AS had alterations in proteins involved mostly in lipid transport and metabolism pathways, while adult males with AS showed changes predominantly in inflammation signalling. These results provide further evidence that the search for biomarkers or novel drug targets in AS may require stratification into male and female subgroups, and could lead to the development of novel targeted treatment approaches. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2040-2392-5-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=227 Sex-typical Play: Masculinization/Defeminization in Girls with an Autism Spectrum Condition / Rebecca C. KNICKMEYER in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38-6 (July 2008)
[article]
Titre : Sex-typical Play: Masculinization/Defeminization in Girls with an Autism Spectrum Condition Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rebecca C. KNICKMEYER, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Sally WHEELWRIGHT, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p.1028-1035 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Sex-differences Play Fetal-testosterone Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We tested the hypothesis that prenatal masculinization of the brain by androgens increases risk of developing an autism spectrum condition (ASC). Sex-typical play was measured in n = 66 children diagnosed with an ASC and n = 55 typically developing age-matched controls. Consistent with the hypothesis, girls with autism did not show the female-typical play preferences, though this was only seen on non-pretence items. Boys with autism showed a preference for male play on non-pretence items, in keeping with their sex. Girls with autism engaged in more pretend play than boys with autism, suggesting that pretence is relatively more protected in females with autism. We conclude that play preference studies in ASC provide partial support for the fetal androgen theory. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-007-0475-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 38-6 (July 2008) . - p.1028-1035[article] Sex-typical Play: Masculinization/Defeminization in Girls with an Autism Spectrum Condition [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rebecca C. KNICKMEYER, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Sally WHEELWRIGHT, Auteur . - 2008 . - p.1028-1035.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 38-6 (July 2008) . - p.1028-1035
Mots-clés : Autism Sex-differences Play Fetal-testosterone Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We tested the hypothesis that prenatal masculinization of the brain by androgens increases risk of developing an autism spectrum condition (ASC). Sex-typical play was measured in n = 66 children diagnosed with an ASC and n = 55 typically developing age-matched controls. Consistent with the hypothesis, girls with autism did not show the female-typical play preferences, though this was only seen on non-pretence items. Boys with autism showed a preference for male play on non-pretence items, in keeping with their sex. Girls with autism engaged in more pretend play than boys with autism, suggesting that pretence is relatively more protected in females with autism. We conclude that play preference studies in ASC provide partial support for the fetal androgen theory. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-007-0475-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 Single nucleotide polymorphism rs6716901 in SLC25A12 gene is associated with Asperger syndrome / Jaroslava DURDIAKOVA in Molecular Autism, (March 2014)
[article]
Titre : Single nucleotide polymorphism rs6716901 in SLC25A12 gene is associated with Asperger syndrome Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jaroslava DURDIAKOVA, Auteur ; Varun WARRIER, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1-5 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC) are a group of developmental conditions which affect communication, social interactions and behaviour. Mitochondrial oxidative dysfunction has been suggested as a mechanism of autism based on the results of multiple genetic association and expression studies. SLC25A12 is a gene encoding a calcium-binding carrier protein that localizes to the mitochondria and is involved in the exchange of aspartate for glutamate in the inner membrane of the mitochondria regulating the cytosolic redox state. rs2056202 SNP in this gene has previously been associated with ASC. SNPs rs6716901 and rs3765166 analysed in this study have not been previously explored in association with AS. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2040-2392-5-25 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=276
in Molecular Autism > (March 2014) . - p.1-5[article] Single nucleotide polymorphism rs6716901 in SLC25A12 gene is associated with Asperger syndrome [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jaroslava DURDIAKOVA, Auteur ; Varun WARRIER, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur . - p.1-5.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > (March 2014) . - p.1-5
Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC) are a group of developmental conditions which affect communication, social interactions and behaviour. Mitochondrial oxidative dysfunction has been suggested as a mechanism of autism based on the results of multiple genetic association and expression studies. SLC25A12 is a gene encoding a calcium-binding carrier protein that localizes to the mitochondria and is involved in the exchange of aspartate for glutamate in the inner membrane of the mitochondria regulating the cytosolic redox state. rs2056202 SNP in this gene has previously been associated with ASC. SNPs rs6716901 and rs3765166 analysed in this study have not been previously explored in association with AS. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2040-2392-5-25 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=276 Single-participant structural similarity matrices lead to greater accuracy in classification of participants than function in autism in MRI / M. J. LEMING in Molecular Autism, 12 (2021)
[article]
Titre : Single-participant structural similarity matrices lead to greater accuracy in classification of participants than function in autism in MRI Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : M. J. LEMING, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; J. SUCKLING, Auteur Article en page(s) : 34 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Deep learning Functional connectivity Structural similarity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism has previously been characterized by both structural and functional differences in brain connectivity. However, while the literature on single-subject derivations of functional connectivity is extensively developed, similar methods of structural connectivity or similarity derivation from T1 MRI are less studied. METHODS: We introduce a technique of deriving symmetric similarity matrices from regional histograms of grey matter volumes estimated from T1-weighted MRIs. We then validated the technique by inputting the similarity matrices into a convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify between participants with autism and age-, motion-, and intracranial-volume-matched controls from six different databases (29,288 total connectomes, mean age = 30.72, range 0.42-78.00, including 1555 subjects with autism). We compared this method to similar classifications of the same participants using fMRI connectivity matrices as well as univariate estimates of grey matter volumes. We further applied graph-theoretical metrics on output class activation maps to identify areas of the matrices that the CNN preferentially used to make the classification, focusing particularly on hubs. LIMITATIONS: While this study used a large sample size, the majority of data was from a young age group; furthermore, to make a viable machine learning study, we treated autism, a highly heterogeneous condition, as a binary label. Thus, these results are not necessarily generalizable to all subtypes and age groups in autism. RESULTS: Our models gave AUROCs of 0.7298 (69.71% accuracy) when classifying by only structural similarity, 0.6964 (67.72% accuracy) when classifying by only functional connectivity, and 0.7037 (66.43% accuracy) when classifying by univariate grey matter volumes. Combining structural similarity and functional connectivity gave an AUROC of 0.7354 (69.40% accuracy). Analysis of classification performance across age revealed the greatest accuracy in adolescents, in which most data were present. Graph analysis of class activation maps revealed no distinguishable network patterns for functional inputs, but did reveal localized differences between groups in bilateral Heschl's gyrus and upper vermis for structural similarity. CONCLUSION: This study provides a simple means of feature extraction for inputting large numbers of structural MRIs into machine learning models. Our methods revealed a unique emphasis of the deep learning model on the structure of the bilateral Heschl's gyrus when characterizing autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00439-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459
in Molecular Autism > 12 (2021) . - 34 p.[article] Single-participant structural similarity matrices lead to greater accuracy in classification of participants than function in autism in MRI [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / M. J. LEMING, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; J. SUCKLING, Auteur . - 34 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 12 (2021) . - 34 p.
Mots-clés : Autism Deep learning Functional connectivity Structural similarity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism has previously been characterized by both structural and functional differences in brain connectivity. However, while the literature on single-subject derivations of functional connectivity is extensively developed, similar methods of structural connectivity or similarity derivation from T1 MRI are less studied. METHODS: We introduce a technique of deriving symmetric similarity matrices from regional histograms of grey matter volumes estimated from T1-weighted MRIs. We then validated the technique by inputting the similarity matrices into a convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify between participants with autism and age-, motion-, and intracranial-volume-matched controls from six different databases (29,288 total connectomes, mean age = 30.72, range 0.42-78.00, including 1555 subjects with autism). We compared this method to similar classifications of the same participants using fMRI connectivity matrices as well as univariate estimates of grey matter volumes. We further applied graph-theoretical metrics on output class activation maps to identify areas of the matrices that the CNN preferentially used to make the classification, focusing particularly on hubs. LIMITATIONS: While this study used a large sample size, the majority of data was from a young age group; furthermore, to make a viable machine learning study, we treated autism, a highly heterogeneous condition, as a binary label. Thus, these results are not necessarily generalizable to all subtypes and age groups in autism. RESULTS: Our models gave AUROCs of 0.7298 (69.71% accuracy) when classifying by only structural similarity, 0.6964 (67.72% accuracy) when classifying by only functional connectivity, and 0.7037 (66.43% accuracy) when classifying by univariate grey matter volumes. Combining structural similarity and functional connectivity gave an AUROC of 0.7354 (69.40% accuracy). Analysis of classification performance across age revealed the greatest accuracy in adolescents, in which most data were present. Graph analysis of class activation maps revealed no distinguishable network patterns for functional inputs, but did reveal localized differences between groups in bilateral Heschl's gyrus and upper vermis for structural similarity. CONCLUSION: This study provides a simple means of feature extraction for inputting large numbers of structural MRIs into machine learning models. Our methods revealed a unique emphasis of the deep learning model on the structure of the bilateral Heschl's gyrus when characterizing autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00439-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459 Social brain activation during mentalizing in a large autism cohort: the Longitudinal European Autism Project / Carolin MOESSNANG in Molecular Autism, 11 (2020)
[article]
Titre : Social brain activation during mentalizing in a large autism cohort: the Longitudinal European Autism Project Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Carolin MOESSNANG, Auteur ; Sarah BAUMEISTER, Auteur ; Julian TILLMANN, Auteur ; David GOYARD, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; Sara AMBROSINO, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Christian F. BECKMANN, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; Carsten BOURS, Auteur ; Daisy CRAWLEY, Auteur ; Flavio DELL'ACQUA, Auteur ; Sarah DURSTON, Auteur ; Christine ECKER, Auteur ; Vincent FROUIN, Auteur ; Hannah HAYWARD, Auteur ; Rosemary HOLT, Auteur ; Mark H. JOHNSON, Auteur ; Emily JONES, Auteur ; Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; Michael V. LOMBARDO, Auteur ; Luke MASON, Auteur ; Marianne OLDENHINKEL, Auteur ; Antonio PERSICO, Auteur ; Antonia SAN JOSE CACERES, Auteur ; Will SPOOREN, Auteur ; Eva LOTH, Auteur ; Declan G. M. MURPHY, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Tobias BANASCHEWSKI, Auteur ; Daniel BRANDEIS, Auteur ; Heike TOST, Auteur ; Andreas MEYER-LINDENBERG, Auteur Article en page(s) : 17 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Animated shapes Autism Autism spectrum disorder Development Mentalizing Multi-site Social brain Theory of mind fMRI Science, Atheneum Partners, Blueprint Partnership, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daimler und Benz Stiftung, Elsevier, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, ICARE Schizophrenia, K. G. Jebsen Foundation, L.E.K Consulting, Lundbeck International Foundation (LINF), R. Adamczak, Roche Pharma, Science Foundation, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Synapsis Foundation–Alzheimer Research Switzerland, and System Analytics, and has received lectures fees including travel fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Fama Public Relations, Institut d’investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Janssen-Cilag, Klinikum Christophsbad, Göppingen, Lilly Deutschland, Luzerner Psychiatrie, LVR Klinikum Düsseldorf, LWL Psychiatrie Verbund Westfalen-Lippe, Otsuka Pharmaceuticals, Reunions i Ciencia S. L., Spanish Society of Psychiatry, Südwestrundfunk Fernsehen, Stern TV, and Vitos Klinikum Kurhessen. WM has received lecture or travel fees from Pfizer, Grünenthal, University of Zürich, International Association for the Study on Pain (IASP), and European Federation of IASP Chapters (EFIC). SB discloses that he has in the last 5?years acted as an author, consultant or lecturer for Shire, Medice, Roche, Eli Lilly, Prima Psychiatry, GLGroup, System Analytic, Ability Partner, Kompetento, Expo Medica, Clarion Healthcare, and Prophase. He receives royalties for textbooks and diagnostic tools from Huber/Hogrefe, Kohlhammer, and UTB. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with key deficits in social functioning. It is widely assumed that the biological underpinnings of social impairment are neurofunctional alterations in the "social brain," a neural circuitry involved in inferring the mental state of a social partner. However, previous evidence comes from small-scale studies and findings have been mixed. We therefore carried out the to-date largest study on neural correlates of mentalizing in ASD. METHODS: As part of the Longitudinal European Autism Project, we performed functional magnetic resonance imaging at six European sites in a large, well-powered, and deeply phenotyped sample of individuals with ASD (N = 205) and typically developing (TD) individuals (N = 189) aged 6 to 30?years. We presented an animated shapes task to assess and comprehensively characterize social brain activation during mentalizing. We tested for effects of age, diagnosis, and their association with symptom measures, including a continuous measure of autistic traits. RESULTS: We observed robust effects of task. Within the ASD sample, autistic traits were moderately associated with functional activation in one of the key regions of the social brain, the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. However, there were no significant effects of diagnosis on task performance and no effects of age and diagnosis on social brain responses. Besides a lack of mean group differences, our data provide no evidence for meaningful differences in the distribution of brain response measures. Extensive control analyses suggest that the lack of case-control differences was not due to a variety of potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to prior reports, this large-scale study does not support the assumption that altered social brain activation during mentalizing forms a common neural marker of ASD, at least with the paradigm we employed. Yet, autistic individuals show socio-behavioral deficits. Our work therefore highlights the need to interrogate social brain function with other brain measures, such as connectivity and network-based approaches, using other paradigms, or applying complementary analysis approaches to assess individual differences in this heterogeneous condition. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-0317-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=427
in Molecular Autism > 11 (2020) . - 17 p.[article] Social brain activation during mentalizing in a large autism cohort: the Longitudinal European Autism Project [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Carolin MOESSNANG, Auteur ; Sarah BAUMEISTER, Auteur ; Julian TILLMANN, Auteur ; David GOYARD, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; Sara AMBROSINO, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Christian F. BECKMANN, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; Carsten BOURS, Auteur ; Daisy CRAWLEY, Auteur ; Flavio DELL'ACQUA, Auteur ; Sarah DURSTON, Auteur ; Christine ECKER, Auteur ; Vincent FROUIN, Auteur ; Hannah HAYWARD, Auteur ; Rosemary HOLT, Auteur ; Mark H. JOHNSON, Auteur ; Emily JONES, Auteur ; Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; Michael V. LOMBARDO, Auteur ; Luke MASON, Auteur ; Marianne OLDENHINKEL, Auteur ; Antonio PERSICO, Auteur ; Antonia SAN JOSE CACERES, Auteur ; Will SPOOREN, Auteur ; Eva LOTH, Auteur ; Declan G. M. MURPHY, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Tobias BANASCHEWSKI, Auteur ; Daniel BRANDEIS, Auteur ; Heike TOST, Auteur ; Andreas MEYER-LINDENBERG, Auteur . - 17 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 11 (2020) . - 17 p.
Mots-clés : Animated shapes Autism Autism spectrum disorder Development Mentalizing Multi-site Social brain Theory of mind fMRI Science, Atheneum Partners, Blueprint Partnership, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daimler und Benz Stiftung, Elsevier, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, ICARE Schizophrenia, K. G. Jebsen Foundation, L.E.K Consulting, Lundbeck International Foundation (LINF), R. Adamczak, Roche Pharma, Science Foundation, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Synapsis Foundation–Alzheimer Research Switzerland, and System Analytics, and has received lectures fees including travel fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Fama Public Relations, Institut d’investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Janssen-Cilag, Klinikum Christophsbad, Göppingen, Lilly Deutschland, Luzerner Psychiatrie, LVR Klinikum Düsseldorf, LWL Psychiatrie Verbund Westfalen-Lippe, Otsuka Pharmaceuticals, Reunions i Ciencia S. L., Spanish Society of Psychiatry, Südwestrundfunk Fernsehen, Stern TV, and Vitos Klinikum Kurhessen. WM has received lecture or travel fees from Pfizer, Grünenthal, University of Zürich, International Association for the Study on Pain (IASP), and European Federation of IASP Chapters (EFIC). SB discloses that he has in the last 5?years acted as an author, consultant or lecturer for Shire, Medice, Roche, Eli Lilly, Prima Psychiatry, GLGroup, System Analytic, Ability Partner, Kompetento, Expo Medica, Clarion Healthcare, and Prophase. He receives royalties for textbooks and diagnostic tools from Huber/Hogrefe, Kohlhammer, and UTB. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with key deficits in social functioning. It is widely assumed that the biological underpinnings of social impairment are neurofunctional alterations in the "social brain," a neural circuitry involved in inferring the mental state of a social partner. However, previous evidence comes from small-scale studies and findings have been mixed. We therefore carried out the to-date largest study on neural correlates of mentalizing in ASD. METHODS: As part of the Longitudinal European Autism Project, we performed functional magnetic resonance imaging at six European sites in a large, well-powered, and deeply phenotyped sample of individuals with ASD (N = 205) and typically developing (TD) individuals (N = 189) aged 6 to 30?years. We presented an animated shapes task to assess and comprehensively characterize social brain activation during mentalizing. We tested for effects of age, diagnosis, and their association with symptom measures, including a continuous measure of autistic traits. RESULTS: We observed robust effects of task. Within the ASD sample, autistic traits were moderately associated with functional activation in one of the key regions of the social brain, the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. However, there were no significant effects of diagnosis on task performance and no effects of age and diagnosis on social brain responses. Besides a lack of mean group differences, our data provide no evidence for meaningful differences in the distribution of brain response measures. Extensive control analyses suggest that the lack of case-control differences was not due to a variety of potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to prior reports, this large-scale study does not support the assumption that altered social brain activation during mentalizing forms a common neural marker of ASD, at least with the paradigm we employed. Yet, autistic individuals show socio-behavioral deficits. Our work therefore highlights the need to interrogate social brain function with other brain measures, such as connectivity and network-based approaches, using other paradigms, or applying complementary analysis approaches to assess individual differences in this heterogeneous condition. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-0317-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=427 Social Conformity in Autism / S. C. LAZZARO in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49-3 (March 2019)
PermalinkSpatial localisation in autism: evidence for differences in early cortical visual processing / Keziah LATHAM in Molecular Autism, (February 2013)
PermalinkSTX1A and Asperger syndrome: a replication study / Jaroslava DURDIAKOVA in Molecular Autism, (February 2014)
PermalinkSubgrouping siblings of people with autism: Identifying the broader autism phenotype / Emily RUZICH in Autism Research, 9-6 (June 2016)
PermalinkSystemizing and empathizing / Sally WHEELWRIGHT
PermalinkTask-related functional connectivity in autism spectrum conditions: an EEG study using wavelet transform coherence / Ana CATARINO in Molecular Autism, (January 2013)
PermalinkTaste Identification in Adults with Autism Spectrum Conditions / Teresa TAVASSOLI in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42-7 (July 2012)
PermalinkTeaching Adults With Autism Spectrum Conditions to Recognize Emotions: Systematic Training for Empathizing Difficulties / Ofer GOLAN
PermalinkTest-retest reliability of the 'Reading the Mind in the Eyes' test: a one-year follow-up study / Enrique FERNANDEZ-ABASCAL in Molecular Autism, (September 2013)
PermalinkThe Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) Children’s Version in Japan: A Cross-Cultural Comparison / Akio WAKABAYASHI in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37-3 (March 2007)
Permalink