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Auteur Simon BARON-COHEN |
Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur (175)
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Neural self-representation in autistic women and association with 'compensatory camouflaging' / Meng-Chuan LAI in Autism, 23-5 (July 2019)
[article]
Titre : Neural self-representation in autistic women and association with 'compensatory camouflaging' Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; M. V. LOMBARDO, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur ; A. N. RUIGROK, Auteur ; Edward T. BULLMORE, Auteur ; J. SUCKLING, Auteur ; Bonnie AUYEUNG, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur ; P. SZATMARI, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1210-1223 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adult autism camouflaging compensation functional magnetic resonance imaging gender heterogeneity mentalizing self sex Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Prior work has revealed sex/gender-dependent autistic characteristics across behavioural and neural/biological domains. It remains unclear whether and how neural sex/gender differences are related to behavioural sex/gender differences in autism. Here, we examined whether atypical neural responses during mentalizing and self-representation are sex/gender-dependent in autistic adults and explored whether 'camouflaging' (acting as if behaviourally neurotypical) is associated with sex/gender-dependent neural responses. In total, N = 119 adults (33 typically developing males, 29 autistic males, 29 typically developing females and 28 autistic females) participated in a task-related functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm to assess neural activation within right temporo-parietal junction and ventromedial prefrontal cortex during mentalizing and self-representation. Camouflaging in autism was quantified as the discrepancy between extrinsic behaviour in social-interpersonal contexts and intrinsic status. While autistic men showed hypoactive right temporo-parietal junction mentalizing and ventromedial prefrontal cortex self-representation responses compared to typically developing men, such neural responses in autistic women were not different from typically developing women. In autistic women only, increasing camouflaging was associated with heightened ventromedial prefrontal cortex self-representation response. There is a lack of impaired neural self-representation and mentalizing in autistic women compared to typically developing women. Camouflaging is heightened in autistic women and may relate to neural self-representation response. These results reveal brain-behaviour relations that help explain sex/gender-heterogeneity in social brain function in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361318807159 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=401
in Autism > 23-5 (July 2019) . - p.1210-1223[article] Neural self-representation in autistic women and association with 'compensatory camouflaging' [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; M. V. LOMBARDO, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur ; A. N. RUIGROK, Auteur ; Edward T. BULLMORE, Auteur ; J. SUCKLING, Auteur ; Bonnie AUYEUNG, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur ; P. SZATMARI, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - p.1210-1223.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 23-5 (July 2019) . - p.1210-1223
Mots-clés : adult autism camouflaging compensation functional magnetic resonance imaging gender heterogeneity mentalizing self sex Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Prior work has revealed sex/gender-dependent autistic characteristics across behavioural and neural/biological domains. It remains unclear whether and how neural sex/gender differences are related to behavioural sex/gender differences in autism. Here, we examined whether atypical neural responses during mentalizing and self-representation are sex/gender-dependent in autistic adults and explored whether 'camouflaging' (acting as if behaviourally neurotypical) is associated with sex/gender-dependent neural responses. In total, N = 119 adults (33 typically developing males, 29 autistic males, 29 typically developing females and 28 autistic females) participated in a task-related functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm to assess neural activation within right temporo-parietal junction and ventromedial prefrontal cortex during mentalizing and self-representation. Camouflaging in autism was quantified as the discrepancy between extrinsic behaviour in social-interpersonal contexts and intrinsic status. While autistic men showed hypoactive right temporo-parietal junction mentalizing and ventromedial prefrontal cortex self-representation responses compared to typically developing men, such neural responses in autistic women were not different from typically developing women. In autistic women only, increasing camouflaging was associated with heightened ventromedial prefrontal cortex self-representation response. There is a lack of impaired neural self-representation and mentalizing in autistic women compared to typically developing women. Camouflaging is heightened in autistic women and may relate to neural self-representation response. These results reveal brain-behaviour relations that help explain sex/gender-heterogeneity in social brain function in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361318807159 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=401 No major effect of twinning on autistic traits / Sarah CURRAN in Autism Research, 4-5 (October 2011)
[article]
Titre : No major effect of twinning on autistic traits Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sarah CURRAN, Auteur ; Katharina DWORZYNSKI, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur ; Angelica RONALD, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Carol BRAYNE, Auteur ; Patrick BOLTON, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.377-382 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : clinical psychiatry developmental psychology diagnosis epidemiology social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: It has been questioned whether the process of twinning might be a risk factor for autism spectrum conditions (ASC) and autistic traits. Aim: We sought to determine whether autistic traits and probable disorder, as measured by the Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (CAST), were more pronounced in twins compared to singletons. Samples: Data were analyzed from two large population-based samples of UK children, twins (n = 5,142 twin pairs, aged 8 years) and singletons (n = 2,805, aged 5–9 years). Results: Distributions of CAST scores in both groups were negatively skewed and scores for twins were more variable than singletons. Mean CAST total scores and standard errors (SE) were not significantly different for twins (5.1; SE 0.04) compared to singletons (4.9; SE 0.08). Moreover, contrary to expectations, the likelihood of scoring above the threshold for possible ASC was significantly lower in the twins than the singletons (OR = 0.69; P = 0.002). Subsidiary analyses of CAST scores according to sex, twin type, and subscale scores representing the subdomains of autism found a few significant differences (P<0.01), but the effect sizes for these differences were small and none exceeded η2 = 0.005. The explanation for these small differences remains obscure, but the very small effect sizes mean they are of little importance. Conclusions: Our results do not provide evidence to support twinning as a risk factor in the development of autistic traits. Autism Res2011,4:377–382. © 2011 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.207 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=145
in Autism Research > 4-5 (October 2011) . - p.377-382[article] No major effect of twinning on autistic traits [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sarah CURRAN, Auteur ; Katharina DWORZYNSKI, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur ; Angelica RONALD, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Carol BRAYNE, Auteur ; Patrick BOLTON, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.377-382.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 4-5 (October 2011) . - p.377-382
Mots-clés : clinical psychiatry developmental psychology diagnosis epidemiology social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: It has been questioned whether the process of twinning might be a risk factor for autism spectrum conditions (ASC) and autistic traits. Aim: We sought to determine whether autistic traits and probable disorder, as measured by the Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (CAST), were more pronounced in twins compared to singletons. Samples: Data were analyzed from two large population-based samples of UK children, twins (n = 5,142 twin pairs, aged 8 years) and singletons (n = 2,805, aged 5–9 years). Results: Distributions of CAST scores in both groups were negatively skewed and scores for twins were more variable than singletons. Mean CAST total scores and standard errors (SE) were not significantly different for twins (5.1; SE 0.04) compared to singletons (4.9; SE 0.08). Moreover, contrary to expectations, the likelihood of scoring above the threshold for possible ASC was significantly lower in the twins than the singletons (OR = 0.69; P = 0.002). Subsidiary analyses of CAST scores according to sex, twin type, and subscale scores representing the subdomains of autism found a few significant differences (P<0.01), but the effect sizes for these differences were small and none exceeded η2 = 0.005. The explanation for these small differences remains obscure, but the very small effect sizes mean they are of little importance. Conclusions: Our results do not provide evidence to support twinning as a risk factor in the development of autistic traits. Autism Res2011,4:377–382. © 2011 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.207 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=145 Non-suicidal self-injury and its relation to suicide through acquired capability: investigating this causal mechanism in a mainly late-diagnosed autistic sample / Rachel L. MOSELEY in Molecular Autism, 13 (2022)
[article]
Titre : Non-suicidal self-injury and its relation to suicide through acquired capability: investigating this causal mechanism in a mainly late-diagnosed autistic sample Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rachel L. MOSELEY, Auteur ; Nicola J. GREGORY, Auteur ; Paula SMITH, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Sarah CASSIDY, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 45 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult Humans Female Suicidal Ideation Cross-Sectional Studies Risk Factors Self-Injurious Behavior/epidemiology Pain Acquired capability Nssi Suicide have no competing interests. Professor Baron-Cohen declares a competing interest as per his role as Editor-in-Chief at Molecular Autism. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has been linked with a higher risk of suicide attempts in autistic and non-autistic people. In the general population, NSSI may confer acquired capability for suicide by eroding one's fear and avoidance of pain and death. The present study aimed to explore acquired capability as the mediator of increased suicide risk conferred by NSSI in autistic and non-autistic adults. METHODS: Autistic and non-autistic adults (n=314, n=312) completed an online survey exploring lifetime suicide attempts, experience with NSSI, and acquired capability for suicide. We explored relationships between lifetime incidence of NSSI and lifetime suicide attempts via three facets of acquired capability (pain tolerance, reduced fear of death, and mental rehearsal of suicide). In self-harming participants (224 autistic and 156 non-autistic), we explored whether particular types and features of NSSI might be especially associated with capability and through that with suicide: namely engagement in scratching, cutting, and self-hitting, and engaging in more numerous forms of NSSI. RESULTS: While a higher frequency of NSSI was associated with all three facets of acquired capability, only reduced fear of death and mental rehearsal of suicide mediated an indirect relationship with lifetime suicide attempts. NSSI also directly predicted more numerous suicide attempts. Autistic people tended towards reduced fear of death and mental rehearsal regardless of NSSI status. Among self-harming autistic and non-autistic participants, cutting and an increased number of NSSI behaviours were associated with lifetime suicide attempts directly and indirectly via acquired capability. In both groups, self-hitting was associated with lifetime suicide attempts only via acquired capability. LIMITATIONS: Our cross-sectional methodology negates inferences of directionality. While we controlled for age, our samples were poorly matched, with the autistic group two times older on average. The autistic sample, predominantly late-diagnosed, female and highly qualified, were unrepresentative of the whole autistic community. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that acquired capability, as measured herein, is an incomplete explanation for the association between NSSI and suicide risk. A broader construct with stable and transient facets may offer greater explanatory power, but it is probable that other variables explain or provide additional means through which this association arises. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00522-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491
in Molecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 45 p.[article] Non-suicidal self-injury and its relation to suicide through acquired capability: investigating this causal mechanism in a mainly late-diagnosed autistic sample [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rachel L. MOSELEY, Auteur ; Nicola J. GREGORY, Auteur ; Paula SMITH, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Sarah CASSIDY, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - 45 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 45 p.
Mots-clés : Adult Humans Female Suicidal Ideation Cross-Sectional Studies Risk Factors Self-Injurious Behavior/epidemiology Pain Acquired capability Nssi Suicide have no competing interests. Professor Baron-Cohen declares a competing interest as per his role as Editor-in-Chief at Molecular Autism. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has been linked with a higher risk of suicide attempts in autistic and non-autistic people. In the general population, NSSI may confer acquired capability for suicide by eroding one's fear and avoidance of pain and death. The present study aimed to explore acquired capability as the mediator of increased suicide risk conferred by NSSI in autistic and non-autistic adults. METHODS: Autistic and non-autistic adults (n=314, n=312) completed an online survey exploring lifetime suicide attempts, experience with NSSI, and acquired capability for suicide. We explored relationships between lifetime incidence of NSSI and lifetime suicide attempts via three facets of acquired capability (pain tolerance, reduced fear of death, and mental rehearsal of suicide). In self-harming participants (224 autistic and 156 non-autistic), we explored whether particular types and features of NSSI might be especially associated with capability and through that with suicide: namely engagement in scratching, cutting, and self-hitting, and engaging in more numerous forms of NSSI. RESULTS: While a higher frequency of NSSI was associated with all three facets of acquired capability, only reduced fear of death and mental rehearsal of suicide mediated an indirect relationship with lifetime suicide attempts. NSSI also directly predicted more numerous suicide attempts. Autistic people tended towards reduced fear of death and mental rehearsal regardless of NSSI status. Among self-harming autistic and non-autistic participants, cutting and an increased number of NSSI behaviours were associated with lifetime suicide attempts directly and indirectly via acquired capability. In both groups, self-hitting was associated with lifetime suicide attempts only via acquired capability. LIMITATIONS: Our cross-sectional methodology negates inferences of directionality. While we controlled for age, our samples were poorly matched, with the autistic group two times older on average. The autistic sample, predominantly late-diagnosed, female and highly qualified, were unrepresentative of the whole autistic community. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that acquired capability, as measured herein, is an incomplete explanation for the association between NSSI and suicide risk. A broader construct with stable and transient facets may offer greater explanatory power, but it is probable that other variables explain or provide additional means through which this association arises. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00522-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491 Olfactory Detection Thresholds and Adaptation in Adults with Autism Spectrum Condition / Teresa TAVASSOLI in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42-6 (June 2012)
[article]
Titre : Olfactory Detection Thresholds and Adaptation in Adults with Autism Spectrum Condition Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Teresa TAVASSOLI, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.905-909 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Condition Olfaction Olfactory detection and adaptation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Sensory issues have been widely reported in Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC). Since olfaction is one of the least investigated senses in ASC, the current studies explore olfactory detection thresholds and adaptation to olfactory stimuli in adults with ASC. 80 participants took part, 38 (18 females, 20 males) with ASC and 42 control participants (20 males, 22 females). A subgroup of participants (N = 19 in each group) also conducted an adaptation task. Standardized “Sniffin’ Sticks” were used to measure olfactory detection levels and adaptation. Adults with and without ASC showed similar olfactory detection thresholds, and similar adaptation to an olfactory stimulus. Since diminished adaptation in ASC has been previously suggested, future research needs to examine adaptation in other modalities as well. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1321-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=156
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 42-6 (June 2012) . - p.905-909[article] Olfactory Detection Thresholds and Adaptation in Adults with Autism Spectrum Condition [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Teresa TAVASSOLI, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.905-909.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 42-6 (June 2012) . - p.905-909
Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Condition Olfaction Olfactory detection and adaptation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Sensory issues have been widely reported in Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC). Since olfaction is one of the least investigated senses in ASC, the current studies explore olfactory detection thresholds and adaptation to olfactory stimuli in adults with ASC. 80 participants took part, 38 (18 females, 20 males) with ASC and 42 control participants (20 males, 22 females). A subgroup of participants (N = 19 in each group) also conducted an adaptation task. Standardized “Sniffin’ Sticks” were used to measure olfactory detection levels and adaptation. Adults with and without ASC showed similar olfactory detection thresholds, and similar adaptation to an olfactory stimulus. Since diminished adaptation in ASC has been previously suggested, future research needs to examine adaptation in other modalities as well. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1321-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=156 'People like me don't get support': Autistic adults' experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality / L. CAMM-CROSBIE in Autism, 23-6 (August 2019)
[article]
Titre : 'People like me don't get support': Autistic adults' experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : L. CAMM-CROSBIE, Auteur ; Louise BRADLEY, Auteur ; R. SHAW, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Sarah A. CASSIDY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1431-1441 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum condition mental health self-injury suicide support treatment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic people are at high risk of mental health problems, self-injury and suicidality. However, no studies have explored autistic peoples' experiences of treatment and support for these difficulties. In partnership with a steering group of autistic adults, an online survey was developed to explore these individuals' experiences of treatment and support for mental health problems, self-injury and suicidality for the first time. A total of 200 autistic adults (122 females, 77 males and 1 unreported) aged 18-67 (mean = 38.9 years, standard deviation = 11.5), without co-occurring intellectual disability, completed the online survey. Thematic analysis of open-ended questions resulted in an overarching theme that individually tailored treatment and support was both beneficial and desirable, which consisted of three underlying themes: (1) difficulties in accessing treatment and support; (2) lack of understanding and knowledge of autistic people with co-occurring mental health difficulties and (3) appropriate treatment and support, or lack of, impacted autistic people's well-being and likelihood of seeing suicide as their future. Findings demonstrate an urgent need for autism treatment pathways in mental health services. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361318816053 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=403
in Autism > 23-6 (August 2019) . - p.1431-1441[article] 'People like me don't get support': Autistic adults' experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / L. CAMM-CROSBIE, Auteur ; Louise BRADLEY, Auteur ; R. SHAW, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Sarah A. CASSIDY, Auteur . - p.1431-1441.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 23-6 (August 2019) . - p.1431-1441
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum condition mental health self-injury suicide support treatment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic people are at high risk of mental health problems, self-injury and suicidality. However, no studies have explored autistic peoples' experiences of treatment and support for these difficulties. In partnership with a steering group of autistic adults, an online survey was developed to explore these individuals' experiences of treatment and support for mental health problems, self-injury and suicidality for the first time. A total of 200 autistic adults (122 females, 77 males and 1 unreported) aged 18-67 (mean = 38.9 years, standard deviation = 11.5), without co-occurring intellectual disability, completed the online survey. Thematic analysis of open-ended questions resulted in an overarching theme that individually tailored treatment and support was both beneficial and desirable, which consisted of three underlying themes: (1) difficulties in accessing treatment and support; (2) lack of understanding and knowledge of autistic people with co-occurring mental health difficulties and (3) appropriate treatment and support, or lack of, impacted autistic people's well-being and likelihood of seeing suicide as their future. Findings demonstrate an urgent need for autism treatment pathways in mental health services. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361318816053 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=403 Preference for biological motion is reduced in ASD: implications for clinical trials and the search for biomarkers / L. MASON in Molecular Autism, 12 (2021)
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