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Auteur Anita THAPAR |
Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur (25)
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Neurocognitive abilities in the general population and composite genetic risk scores for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder / Joanna MARTIN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-6 (June 2015)
[article]
Titre : Neurocognitive abilities in the general population and composite genetic risk scores for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Joanna MARTIN, Auteur ; Marian L. HAMSHERE, Auteur ; Evangelia STERGIAKOULI, Auteur ; Michael C. O'DONOVAN, Auteur ; Anita THAPAR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.648-656 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ALSPAC ADHD genetics cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The genetic architecture of ADHD is complex, with rare and common variants involved. Common genetic variants (as indexed by a composite risk score) associated with clinical ADHD significantly predict ADHD and autistic-like behavioural traits in children from the general population, suggesting that ADHD lies at the extreme of normal trait variation. ADHD and other neurodevelopmental disorders share neurocognitive difficulties in several domains (e.g. impaired cognitive ability and executive functions). We hypothesised that ADHD composite genetic risk scores derived from clinical ADHD cases would also contribute to variation in neurocognitive abilities in the general population. Methods Children (N = 6,832) from a UK population cohort, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), underwent neurocognitive testing. Parent-reported measures of their children's ADHD and autistic-like traits were used to construct a behavioural latent variable of ‘neurodevelopmental traits’. Composite genetic risk scores for ADHD were calculated for ALSPAC children based on findings from an independent ADHD case–control genome-wide association study. Structural equation modelling was used to assess associations between ADHD composite genetic risk scores and IQ, working memory, inhibitory control and facial emotion recognition, as well as the latent ‘neurodevelopmental trait’ measure. Results The results confirmed that neurocognitive and neurodevelopmental traits are correlated in children in the general population. Composite genetic risk scores for ADHD were independently associated with lower IQ (? = ?.05, p < .001) and working memory performance (? = ?.034, p = .013), even after accounting for the relationship with latent neurodevelopmental behavioural trait scores. No associations were found between composite genetic risk scores and inhibitory control or emotion recognition (p > .05). Conclusions These findings suggest that common genetic variants relevant to clinically diagnosed ADHD have pleiotropic effects on neurocognitive traits as well as behavioural dimensions in the general population. This further suggests that the well-recognised association between cognition and neurodevelopmental behavioural traits is underpinned at a biological level. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12336 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-6 (June 2015) . - p.648-656[article] Neurocognitive abilities in the general population and composite genetic risk scores for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Joanna MARTIN, Auteur ; Marian L. HAMSHERE, Auteur ; Evangelia STERGIAKOULI, Auteur ; Michael C. O'DONOVAN, Auteur ; Anita THAPAR, Auteur . - p.648-656.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-6 (June 2015) . - p.648-656
Mots-clés : ALSPAC ADHD genetics cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The genetic architecture of ADHD is complex, with rare and common variants involved. Common genetic variants (as indexed by a composite risk score) associated with clinical ADHD significantly predict ADHD and autistic-like behavioural traits in children from the general population, suggesting that ADHD lies at the extreme of normal trait variation. ADHD and other neurodevelopmental disorders share neurocognitive difficulties in several domains (e.g. impaired cognitive ability and executive functions). We hypothesised that ADHD composite genetic risk scores derived from clinical ADHD cases would also contribute to variation in neurocognitive abilities in the general population. Methods Children (N = 6,832) from a UK population cohort, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), underwent neurocognitive testing. Parent-reported measures of their children's ADHD and autistic-like traits were used to construct a behavioural latent variable of ‘neurodevelopmental traits’. Composite genetic risk scores for ADHD were calculated for ALSPAC children based on findings from an independent ADHD case–control genome-wide association study. Structural equation modelling was used to assess associations between ADHD composite genetic risk scores and IQ, working memory, inhibitory control and facial emotion recognition, as well as the latent ‘neurodevelopmental trait’ measure. Results The results confirmed that neurocognitive and neurodevelopmental traits are correlated in children in the general population. Composite genetic risk scores for ADHD were independently associated with lower IQ (? = ?.05, p < .001) and working memory performance (? = ?.034, p = .013), even after accounting for the relationship with latent neurodevelopmental behavioural trait scores. No associations were found between composite genetic risk scores and inhibitory control or emotion recognition (p > .05). Conclusions These findings suggest that common genetic variants relevant to clinically diagnosed ADHD have pleiotropic effects on neurocognitive traits as well as behavioural dimensions in the general population. This further suggests that the well-recognised association between cognition and neurodevelopmental behavioural traits is underpinned at a biological level. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12336 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260 Parent–child hostility and child ADHD symptoms: a genetically sensitive and longitudinal analysis / Kate J. LIFFORD in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50-12 (December 2009)
[article]
Titre : Parent–child hostility and child ADHD symptoms: a genetically sensitive and longitudinal analysis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kate J. LIFFORD, Auteur ; Anita THAPAR, Auteur ; Gordon T. HAROLD, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : p.1468-1476 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADHD family-relationships environmental-mediation longitudinal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Families of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) report higher rates of conflict within the family and more negative parent–child relationships. This study aimed to test whether negative parent–child relationships have a risk effect on ADHD symptoms using two complementary designs.
Method: The first sample included 886 twin pairs, aged 11–17 years, derived from a population-based twin study. The second sample was derived from a longitudinal community study and included 282 parents and their children, aged 11–14 years. Questionnaires were used to assess ADHD symptoms and hostility in the mother–child and father–child relationship. Bivariate genetic analysis was used to test the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the association between parent–child hostility and ADHD symptoms in the twin sample. Cross-lagged and reciprocal effects models were used to test for a bidirectional relationship between parent–child hostility and ADHD symptoms over time in the longitudinal study.
Results: For boys, both genetic and environmental factors contributed to the link between mother–son hostility and ADHD symptoms, but genetic factors alone explained the association between father–son hostility and ADHD symptoms. For girls, the association between ADHD symptoms and mother–daughter hostility as well as father–child hostility was attributed to genetic factors alone. The longitudinal study provided evidence of boys' ADHD symptoms impacting upon mother–son hostility both within and across time. There were no effects in the opposite direction.
Conclusions: A causal hypothesis of family relations influencing ADHD symptoms was not supported. Boys' ADHD symptoms appear to have an environmentally mediated impact upon mother–son hostility.En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02107.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=882
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 50-12 (December 2009) . - p.1468-1476[article] Parent–child hostility and child ADHD symptoms: a genetically sensitive and longitudinal analysis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kate J. LIFFORD, Auteur ; Anita THAPAR, Auteur ; Gordon T. HAROLD, Auteur . - 2009 . - p.1468-1476.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 50-12 (December 2009) . - p.1468-1476
Mots-clés : ADHD family-relationships environmental-mediation longitudinal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Families of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) report higher rates of conflict within the family and more negative parent–child relationships. This study aimed to test whether negative parent–child relationships have a risk effect on ADHD symptoms using two complementary designs.
Method: The first sample included 886 twin pairs, aged 11–17 years, derived from a population-based twin study. The second sample was derived from a longitudinal community study and included 282 parents and their children, aged 11–14 years. Questionnaires were used to assess ADHD symptoms and hostility in the mother–child and father–child relationship. Bivariate genetic analysis was used to test the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the association between parent–child hostility and ADHD symptoms in the twin sample. Cross-lagged and reciprocal effects models were used to test for a bidirectional relationship between parent–child hostility and ADHD symptoms over time in the longitudinal study.
Results: For boys, both genetic and environmental factors contributed to the link between mother–son hostility and ADHD symptoms, but genetic factors alone explained the association between father–son hostility and ADHD symptoms. For girls, the association between ADHD symptoms and mother–daughter hostility as well as father–child hostility was attributed to genetic factors alone. The longitudinal study provided evidence of boys' ADHD symptoms impacting upon mother–son hostility both within and across time. There were no effects in the opposite direction.
Conclusions: A causal hypothesis of family relations influencing ADHD symptoms was not supported. Boys' ADHD symptoms appear to have an environmentally mediated impact upon mother–son hostility.En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02107.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=882 Practitioner Review: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder - the importance of depression / Anita THAPAR in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 64-1 (January 2023)
[article]
Titre : Practitioner Review: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder - the importance of depression Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anita THAPAR, Auteur ; Lucy A. LIVINGSTON, Auteur ; Olga EYRE, Auteur ; Lucy RIGLIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.4-15 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Young people with neurodevelopmental disorders, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), show high rates of mental health problems, of which depression is one of the most common. Given that depression in ASD and ADHD is linked with a range of poor outcomes, knowledge of how clinicians should assess, identify and treat depression in the context of these neurodevelopmental disorders is much needed. Here, we give an overview of the latest research on depression in young people with ADHD and ASD, including possible mechanisms underlying the link between ADHD/ASD and depression, as well as the presentation, assessment and treatment of depression in these neurodevelopmental disorders. We discuss the implications for clinicians and make recommendations for critical future research in this area. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13678 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=490
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 64-1 (January 2023) . - p.4-15[article] Practitioner Review: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder - the importance of depression [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anita THAPAR, Auteur ; Lucy A. LIVINGSTON, Auteur ; Olga EYRE, Auteur ; Lucy RIGLIN, Auteur . - p.4-15.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 64-1 (January 2023) . - p.4-15
Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Young people with neurodevelopmental disorders, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), show high rates of mental health problems, of which depression is one of the most common. Given that depression in ASD and ADHD is linked with a range of poor outcomes, knowledge of how clinicians should assess, identify and treat depression in the context of these neurodevelopmental disorders is much needed. Here, we give an overview of the latest research on depression in young people with ADHD and ASD, including possible mechanisms underlying the link between ADHD/ASD and depression, as well as the presentation, assessment and treatment of depression in these neurodevelopmental disorders. We discuss the implications for clinicians and make recommendations for critical future research in this area. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13678 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=490 Practitioner Review: What have we learnt about the causes of ADHD? / Anita THAPAR in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-1 (January 2013)
[article]
Titre : Practitioner Review: What have we learnt about the causes of ADHD? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anita THAPAR, Auteur ; Miriam COOPER, Auteur ; Olga EYRE, Auteur ; Kate LANGLEY, Auteur Article en page(s) : 3-16 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADHD genetics risk factors perinatal prenatal aetiology environmental?gene interactions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its possible causes still attract controversy. Genes, pre and perinatal risks, psychosocial factors and environmental toxins have all been considered as potential risk factors. Method: This review (focussing on literature published since 1997, selected from a search of PubMed) critically considers putative risk factors with a focus on genetics and selected environmental risks, examines their relationships with ADHD and discusses the likelihood that these risks are causal as well as some of the main implications. Results: No single risk factor explains ADHD. Both inherited and noninherited factors contribute and their effects are interdependent. ADHD is familial and heritable. Research into the inherited and molecular genetic contributions to ADHD suggest an important overlap with other neurodevelopmental problems, notably, autism spectrum disorders. Having a biological relative with ADHD, large, rare copy number variants, some small effect size candidate gene variants, extreme early adversity, pre and postnatal exposure to lead and low birth weight/prematurity have been most consistently found as risk factors, but none are yet known to be definitely causal. There is a large literature documenting associations between ADHD and a wide variety of putative environmental risks that can, at present, only be regarded as correlates. Findings from research designs that go beyond simply testing for association are beginning to contest the robustness of some environmental exposures previously thought to be ADHD risk factors. Conclusions: The genetic risks implicated in ADHD generally tend to have small effect sizes or be rare and often increase risk of many other types of psychopathology. Thus, they cannot be used for prediction, genetic testing or diagnostic purposes beyond what is predicted by a family history. There is a need to consider the possibility of parents and siblings being similarly affected and how this might impact on engagement with families, influence interventions and require integration with adult services. Genetic contributions to disorder do not necessarily mean that medications are the treatment of choice. We also consider how findings might influence the conceptualisation of ADHD, public health policy implications and why it is unhelpful and incorrect to dichotomise genetic/biological and environmental explanations. It is essential that practitioners can interpret genetic and aetiological research findings and impart informed explanations to families. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02611.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=186
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-1 (January 2013) . - 3-16[article] Practitioner Review: What have we learnt about the causes of ADHD? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anita THAPAR, Auteur ; Miriam COOPER, Auteur ; Olga EYRE, Auteur ; Kate LANGLEY, Auteur . - 3-16.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-1 (January 2013) . - 3-16
Mots-clés : ADHD genetics risk factors perinatal prenatal aetiology environmental?gene interactions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its possible causes still attract controversy. Genes, pre and perinatal risks, psychosocial factors and environmental toxins have all been considered as potential risk factors. Method: This review (focussing on literature published since 1997, selected from a search of PubMed) critically considers putative risk factors with a focus on genetics and selected environmental risks, examines their relationships with ADHD and discusses the likelihood that these risks are causal as well as some of the main implications. Results: No single risk factor explains ADHD. Both inherited and noninherited factors contribute and their effects are interdependent. ADHD is familial and heritable. Research into the inherited and molecular genetic contributions to ADHD suggest an important overlap with other neurodevelopmental problems, notably, autism spectrum disorders. Having a biological relative with ADHD, large, rare copy number variants, some small effect size candidate gene variants, extreme early adversity, pre and postnatal exposure to lead and low birth weight/prematurity have been most consistently found as risk factors, but none are yet known to be definitely causal. There is a large literature documenting associations between ADHD and a wide variety of putative environmental risks that can, at present, only be regarded as correlates. Findings from research designs that go beyond simply testing for association are beginning to contest the robustness of some environmental exposures previously thought to be ADHD risk factors. Conclusions: The genetic risks implicated in ADHD generally tend to have small effect sizes or be rare and often increase risk of many other types of psychopathology. Thus, they cannot be used for prediction, genetic testing or diagnostic purposes beyond what is predicted by a family history. There is a need to consider the possibility of parents and siblings being similarly affected and how this might impact on engagement with families, influence interventions and require integration with adult services. Genetic contributions to disorder do not necessarily mean that medications are the treatment of choice. We also consider how findings might influence the conceptualisation of ADHD, public health policy implications and why it is unhelpful and incorrect to dichotomise genetic/biological and environmental explanations. It is essential that practitioners can interpret genetic and aetiological research findings and impart informed explanations to families. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02611.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=186 Profiling depression in childhood and adolescence: the role of conduct problems / Lucy RIGLIN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-4 (April 2016)
[article]
Titre : Profiling depression in childhood and adolescence: the role of conduct problems Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lucy RIGLIN, Auteur ; Anita THAPAR, Auteur ; Katherine H. SHELTON, Auteur ; Kate LANGLEY, Auteur ; Norah FREDERICKSON, Auteur ; Frances RICE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.481-490 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Depression aetiology heterogeneity conduct problems genetic Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Depression is typically more common in females and rates rise around puberty. However, studies of children and adolescents suggest that depression accompanied by conduct problems may represent a different subtype not characterised by a female preponderance, with differing risk factors and genetic architecture compared to pure-depression. This study aimed to identify aetiologically distinct profiles of depressive symptoms, distinguished by the presence or absence of co-occurring conduct problems. Methods Latent profile analysis was conducted on a school sample of 1648 children (11–12 years) and replicated in a sample of 2006 twins (8–17 years). Results In both samples pure-depressive and conduct-depressive profiles were identified. The pure-depressive profile was associated with female gender, while the conduct-depressive profile was associated with lower cognitive ability but not with gender. Twin analyses indicated possible differences in genetic aetiology. Conclusions There was evidence for aetiologically heterogeneous depression symptom profiles based on the presence or absence of co-occurring conduct problems. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12465 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-4 (April 2016) . - p.481-490[article] Profiling depression in childhood and adolescence: the role of conduct problems [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lucy RIGLIN, Auteur ; Anita THAPAR, Auteur ; Katherine H. SHELTON, Auteur ; Kate LANGLEY, Auteur ; Norah FREDERICKSON, Auteur ; Frances RICE, Auteur . - p.481-490.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-4 (April 2016) . - p.481-490
Mots-clés : Depression aetiology heterogeneity conduct problems genetic Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Depression is typically more common in females and rates rise around puberty. However, studies of children and adolescents suggest that depression accompanied by conduct problems may represent a different subtype not characterised by a female preponderance, with differing risk factors and genetic architecture compared to pure-depression. This study aimed to identify aetiologically distinct profiles of depressive symptoms, distinguished by the presence or absence of co-occurring conduct problems. Methods Latent profile analysis was conducted on a school sample of 1648 children (11–12 years) and replicated in a sample of 2006 twins (8–17 years). Results In both samples pure-depressive and conduct-depressive profiles were identified. The pure-depressive profile was associated with female gender, while the conduct-depressive profile was associated with lower cognitive ability but not with gender. Twin analyses indicated possible differences in genetic aetiology. Conclusions There was evidence for aetiologically heterogeneous depression symptom profiles based on the presence or absence of co-occurring conduct problems. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12465 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285 Stratifying early-onset emotional disorders: using genetics to assess persistence in young people of European and South Asian ancestry / Joanna MARTIN ; Amy SHAKESHAFT ; Lucy RIGLIN ; Frances RICE ; Cathryn M. LEWIS ; Michael C. O'DONOVAN ; Anita THAPAR in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 65-1 (January 2024)
PermalinkThe contribution of gene–environment interaction to psychopathology / Anita THAPAR in Development and Psychopathology, 19-4 (Fall 2007)
PermalinkTrends in parent- and teacher-rated emotional, conduct and ADHD problems and their impact in prepubertal children in Great Britain: 1999–2008 / Ruth SELLERS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-1 (January 2015)
PermalinkUsing genetic designs to identify likely causal environmental contributions to psychopathology / Ruth SELLERS in Development and Psychopathology, 34-5 (December 2022)
PermalinkWhite Matter Microstructure Predicts Autistic Traits in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder / Miriam COOPER in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44-11 (November 2014)
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