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Détail de l'auteur
Auteur A. J. FAIRCHILD |
Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur (2)
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Altered sensitivity to social gaze in the FMR1 premutation and pragmatic language competence / J. KLUSEK in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 9-1 (December 2017)
[article]
Titre : Altered sensitivity to social gaze in the FMR1 premutation and pragmatic language competence Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : J. KLUSEK, Auteur ; J. SCHMIDT, Auteur ; A. J. FAIRCHILD, Auteur ; A. PORTER, Auteur ; J. E. ROBERTS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.31 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Direct gaze Eye contact Fragile X carriers Social cognition Social communication Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: The FMR1 premutation affects 1:291 women and is associated with a range of cognitive, affective, and physical health complications, including deficits in pragmatic language (i.e., social language). This study investigated attention to eye gaze as a fundamental social-cognitive skill that may be impaired in the FMR1 premutation and could underlie pragmatic deficits. Given the high prevalence of the FMR1 premutation, efforts to define its phenotype and mechanistic underpinnings have significant public health implications. METHODS: Thirty-five women with the FMR1 premutation and 20 control women completed an eye-tracking paradigm that recorded time spent dwelling within the eye region in response to a face displaying either direct or averted gaze. Pragmatic language ability was coded from a conversational sample using the Pragmatic Rating Scale. RESULTS: Women with the FMR1 premutation failed to show attentional preference to direct gaze and spent more time dwelling on the averted eyes relative to controls. While dwelling on the eyes was associated with better pragmatic language performance in controls, these variables were unrelated in the women with the FMR1 premutation. CONCLUSIONS: Altered sensitivity to social gaze, characterized by increased salience of averted gaze, was observed among women with the FMR1 premutation. Furthermore, women with the FMR1 premutation were unable to capitalize on information conveyed through the eyes to enhance social-communicative engagement, which differed from patterns seen in controls. These findings contribute to the growing characterization of social and communication phenotypes associated with the FMR1 premutation. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-017-9211-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=350
in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 9-1 (December 2017) . - p.31[article] Altered sensitivity to social gaze in the FMR1 premutation and pragmatic language competence [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / J. KLUSEK, Auteur ; J. SCHMIDT, Auteur ; A. J. FAIRCHILD, Auteur ; A. PORTER, Auteur ; J. E. ROBERTS, Auteur . - p.31.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 9-1 (December 2017) . - p.31
Mots-clés : Direct gaze Eye contact Fragile X carriers Social cognition Social communication Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: The FMR1 premutation affects 1:291 women and is associated with a range of cognitive, affective, and physical health complications, including deficits in pragmatic language (i.e., social language). This study investigated attention to eye gaze as a fundamental social-cognitive skill that may be impaired in the FMR1 premutation and could underlie pragmatic deficits. Given the high prevalence of the FMR1 premutation, efforts to define its phenotype and mechanistic underpinnings have significant public health implications. METHODS: Thirty-five women with the FMR1 premutation and 20 control women completed an eye-tracking paradigm that recorded time spent dwelling within the eye region in response to a face displaying either direct or averted gaze. Pragmatic language ability was coded from a conversational sample using the Pragmatic Rating Scale. RESULTS: Women with the FMR1 premutation failed to show attentional preference to direct gaze and spent more time dwelling on the averted eyes relative to controls. While dwelling on the eyes was associated with better pragmatic language performance in controls, these variables were unrelated in the women with the FMR1 premutation. CONCLUSIONS: Altered sensitivity to social gaze, characterized by increased salience of averted gaze, was observed among women with the FMR1 premutation. Furthermore, women with the FMR1 premutation were unable to capitalize on information conveyed through the eyes to enhance social-communicative engagement, which differed from patterns seen in controls. These findings contribute to the growing characterization of social and communication phenotypes associated with the FMR1 premutation. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-017-9211-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=350 Vagal Tone as a Putative Mechanism for Pragmatic Competence: An Investigation of Carriers of the FMR1 Premutation / J. KLUSEK in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49-1 (January 2019)
[article]
Titre : Vagal Tone as a Putative Mechanism for Pragmatic Competence: An Investigation of Carriers of the FMR1 Premutation Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : J. KLUSEK, Auteur ; A. J. FAIRCHILD, Auteur ; J. E. ROBERTS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.197-208 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Fragile X carrier Hrv Rsa Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder Social communication Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Pragmatic language skills exist across a continuum in typical and clinical populations, and are impaired in many neurodevelopmental disorders, most notably autism. The mechanisms underlying pragmatic impairment are poorly understood, although theory suggests dampened vagal tone plays a role. This study investigated the FMR1 premutation as a genetic model that may lend insight into the relationship between vagal function and pragmatic ability. Participants included 38 women with the FMR1 premutation and 23 controls. Vagal tone accounted for significant variance in pragmatics across both groups and statistically mediated the effect of FMR1 premutation status on pragmatic ability. Results support vagal tone as a biophysiological correlate of pragmatic ability, which informs potential mechanistic underpinnings and could have implications for targeted treatment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3714-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=376
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-1 (January 2019) . - p.197-208[article] Vagal Tone as a Putative Mechanism for Pragmatic Competence: An Investigation of Carriers of the FMR1 Premutation [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / J. KLUSEK, Auteur ; A. J. FAIRCHILD, Auteur ; J. E. ROBERTS, Auteur . - p.197-208.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-1 (January 2019) . - p.197-208
Mots-clés : Fragile X carrier Hrv Rsa Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder Social communication Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Pragmatic language skills exist across a continuum in typical and clinical populations, and are impaired in many neurodevelopmental disorders, most notably autism. The mechanisms underlying pragmatic impairment are poorly understood, although theory suggests dampened vagal tone plays a role. This study investigated the FMR1 premutation as a genetic model that may lend insight into the relationship between vagal function and pragmatic ability. Participants included 38 women with the FMR1 premutation and 23 controls. Vagal tone accounted for significant variance in pragmatics across both groups and statistically mediated the effect of FMR1 premutation status on pragmatic ability. Results support vagal tone as a biophysiological correlate of pragmatic ability, which informs potential mechanistic underpinnings and could have implications for targeted treatment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3714-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=376