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Auteur Dermot M. BOWLER |
Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur (68)
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Brief report: Suggestibility, compliance and psychological traits in high-functioning adults with autism spectrum disorder / Katie L. MARAS in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 6-3 (July-September 2012)
[article]
Titre : Brief report: Suggestibility, compliance and psychological traits in high-functioning adults with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Katie L. MARAS, Auteur ; Dermot M. BOWLER, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.1168-1175 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Suggestibility Leading questions Recall Eyewitness Memory Individual differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be over-represented within the criminal justice system; it is therefore important to understand how they fare under police questioning. The present study examined interrogative suggestibility and compliance in individuals with ASD, and whether this is associated with certain psychological traits. Adults with ASD and their typical counterparts completed the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scales (GSS), Gudjonsson Compliance Scale (GCS), and measures of state-trait anxiety, self-esteem, fear of negative evaluation by others and paranoia. In contrast to previous research (North, Russell, & Gudjonsson, 2008), there was no difference between the ASD and comparison groups on the measure of compliance, and groups also did not differ on any of the GSS measures, despite the ASD group reporting significantly higher paranoia. Findings indicate that individuals with ASD may be no more likely to succumb to interrogative pressures than their typical counterparts. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2012.03.013 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=155
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 6-3 (July-September 2012) . - p.1168-1175[article] Brief report: Suggestibility, compliance and psychological traits in high-functioning adults with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Katie L. MARAS, Auteur ; Dermot M. BOWLER, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.1168-1175.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 6-3 (July-September 2012) . - p.1168-1175
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Suggestibility Leading questions Recall Eyewitness Memory Individual differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be over-represented within the criminal justice system; it is therefore important to understand how they fare under police questioning. The present study examined interrogative suggestibility and compliance in individuals with ASD, and whether this is associated with certain psychological traits. Adults with ASD and their typical counterparts completed the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scales (GSS), Gudjonsson Compliance Scale (GCS), and measures of state-trait anxiety, self-esteem, fear of negative evaluation by others and paranoia. In contrast to previous research (North, Russell, & Gudjonsson, 2008), there was no difference between the ASD and comparison groups on the measure of compliance, and groups also did not differ on any of the GSS measures, despite the ASD group reporting significantly higher paranoia. Findings indicate that individuals with ASD may be no more likely to succumb to interrogative pressures than their typical counterparts. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2012.03.013 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=155 Brief Report: The Role of Task Support in the Spatial and Temporal Source Memory of Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Dermot M. BOWLER in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45-8 (August 2015)
[article]
Titre : Brief Report: The Role of Task Support in the Spatial and Temporal Source Memory of Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Dermot M. BOWLER, Auteur ; Sebastian B. GAIGG, Auteur ; John M. GARDINER, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : p.2613-2617 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Memory Spatial source Temporal source Task support Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show intact recognition (supported procedure) but impaired recall (unsupported procedure) of incidentally-encoded context. Because this has not been demonstrated for temporal source, we compared the temporal and spatial source memory of adults with ASD and verbally matched typical adults. Because of difficulties with temporal processing in ASD, we predicted ASD adults would benefit from test support for location but not temporal occurrence of studied words. We found similar levels of recognition and source memory for both groups but there was a greater effect of support on memory for location source in the ASD group. The lack of an effect of support for temporal source may simply reflect a difficulty in operationalising temporal cues. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2378-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=263
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 45-8 (August 2015) . - p.2613-2617[article] Brief Report: The Role of Task Support in the Spatial and Temporal Source Memory of Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Dermot M. BOWLER, Auteur ; Sebastian B. GAIGG, Auteur ; John M. GARDINER, Auteur . - 2015 . - p.2613-2617.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 45-8 (August 2015) . - p.2613-2617
Mots-clés : Autism Memory Spatial source Temporal source Task support Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show intact recognition (supported procedure) but impaired recall (unsupported procedure) of incidentally-encoded context. Because this has not been demonstrated for temporal source, we compared the temporal and spatial source memory of adults with ASD and verbally matched typical adults. Because of difficulties with temporal processing in ASD, we predicted ASD adults would benefit from test support for location but not temporal occurrence of studied words. We found similar levels of recognition and source memory for both groups but there was a greater effect of support on memory for location source in the ASD group. The lack of an effect of support for temporal source may simply reflect a difficulty in operationalising temporal cues. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2378-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=263 Counterfactual Reasoning and False Belief Understanding in Children with Autism / Donald M. PETERSON in Autism, 4-4 (December 2000)
[article]
Titre : Counterfactual Reasoning and False Belief Understanding in Children with Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Donald M. PETERSON, Auteur ; Dermot M. BOWLER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.391-405 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Sally-Anne task used to assess children’s understanding of false belief has traditionally been conceptualized as a test of mental state understanding in that it asks the child where a protagonist thinks an object is located when the protagonist has a false belief about the object’s location. However, a recent logical analysis by Peterson and Riggs identifies a strategy for such tasks involving a specific reasoning process they term subtractive reasoning. This can be assessed by asking the child a question such as, ‘If the marble had not been moved, where would it be now?’ Studies of typically developing children have shown strong associations between false belief and subtractive reasoning tasks even when verbal mental age is controlled. In the present study we replicated these experiments using children with autism and children with severe learning difficulties. Although significant correlations between the two tasks were found for all three groups, analyses of contingencies between the two tasks and comparison of their respective difficulty for each group suggested that ability in subtractive reasoning was a necessary but not sufficient component of successful performance in the false belief tasks. Our results indicate the presence of a further factor which is required in these tasks, and which is deficient in autism, and we argue that this may consist in a specific type of generativity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361300004004005 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=208
in Autism > 4-4 (December 2000) . - p.391-405[article] Counterfactual Reasoning and False Belief Understanding in Children with Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Donald M. PETERSON, Auteur ; Dermot M. BOWLER, Auteur . - p.391-405.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 4-4 (December 2000) . - p.391-405
Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Sally-Anne task used to assess children’s understanding of false belief has traditionally been conceptualized as a test of mental state understanding in that it asks the child where a protagonist thinks an object is located when the protagonist has a false belief about the object’s location. However, a recent logical analysis by Peterson and Riggs identifies a strategy for such tasks involving a specific reasoning process they term subtractive reasoning. This can be assessed by asking the child a question such as, ‘If the marble had not been moved, where would it be now?’ Studies of typically developing children have shown strong associations between false belief and subtractive reasoning tasks even when verbal mental age is controlled. In the present study we replicated these experiments using children with autism and children with severe learning difficulties. Although significant correlations between the two tasks were found for all three groups, analyses of contingencies between the two tasks and comparison of their respective difficulty for each group suggested that ability in subtractive reasoning was a necessary but not sufficient component of successful performance in the false belief tasks. Our results indicate the presence of a further factor which is required in these tasks, and which is deficient in autism, and we argue that this may consist in a specific type of generativity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361300004004005 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=208 Declarative Memory and Structural Language Impairment in Autistic Children and Adolescents / Sophie ANNS in Autism Research, 13-11 (November 2020)
[article]
Titre : Declarative Memory and Structural Language Impairment in Autistic Children and Adolescents Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sophie ANNS, Auteur ; Sebastian B GAIGG, Auteur ; James A. HAMPTON, Auteur ; Dermot M. BOWLER, Auteur ; Jill BOUCHER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1947-1958 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder familiarity language impairment memory recollection Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Two experiments tested the hypothesis that a plausible contributory factor of structural language impairment in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is impaired declarative memory. We hypothesized that familiarity and recollection (subserving semantic and episodic memory, respectively) are both impaired in autistic individuals with clinically significant language impairment and learning disability (ASD(LI/LD) ); whereas recollection is selectively impaired in autistic individuals with typical language (ASD(TL) ). Teenagers with ASD(LI/LD) (n = 19) and primary school age children with ASD(TL) (n = 26) were compared with teenagers with learning disability (LD) (n = 26) without autism, and primary school aged typically developing (TD) children (n = 32). Both experiments provided strong support for the hypothesized links between declarative memory processes and lexical-semantic facets of language in the two autistic groups, but not in the TD group. Additional findings of interest were that declarative memory processes and lexical-semantic knowledge were also linked in the LD group and that the ASD groups-and to a lesser extent the LD group-may have compensated for declarative memory impairments using spared visual-perceptual abilities, a finding with potential educational implications. Relative difficulties with familiarity and recollection in ASD(LI/LD) and LD may help explain structural language impairment, as investigated here, but also the broader learning disabilities found in these populations. Autism Res 2020. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1947-1958. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Language impairment and learning disability affect 45% of the autistic population yet the factors that may be contributing to them is remarkably under-researched. To date there are no explanations of the lexical semantic (word meaning) abnormalities observed in ASD. We found that declarative memory is associated with lexical semantic knowledge in autism and learning disability but not in typical development. Difficulties with declarative memory may also be compensated for using visual-perceptual abilities by autistic and learning-disabled adolescents, which has positive implications for educationalists. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2282 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=433
in Autism Research > 13-11 (November 2020) . - p.1947-1958[article] Declarative Memory and Structural Language Impairment in Autistic Children and Adolescents [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sophie ANNS, Auteur ; Sebastian B GAIGG, Auteur ; James A. HAMPTON, Auteur ; Dermot M. BOWLER, Auteur ; Jill BOUCHER, Auteur . - p.1947-1958.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 13-11 (November 2020) . - p.1947-1958
Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder familiarity language impairment memory recollection Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Two experiments tested the hypothesis that a plausible contributory factor of structural language impairment in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is impaired declarative memory. We hypothesized that familiarity and recollection (subserving semantic and episodic memory, respectively) are both impaired in autistic individuals with clinically significant language impairment and learning disability (ASD(LI/LD) ); whereas recollection is selectively impaired in autistic individuals with typical language (ASD(TL) ). Teenagers with ASD(LI/LD) (n = 19) and primary school age children with ASD(TL) (n = 26) were compared with teenagers with learning disability (LD) (n = 26) without autism, and primary school aged typically developing (TD) children (n = 32). Both experiments provided strong support for the hypothesized links between declarative memory processes and lexical-semantic facets of language in the two autistic groups, but not in the TD group. Additional findings of interest were that declarative memory processes and lexical-semantic knowledge were also linked in the LD group and that the ASD groups-and to a lesser extent the LD group-may have compensated for declarative memory impairments using spared visual-perceptual abilities, a finding with potential educational implications. Relative difficulties with familiarity and recollection in ASD(LI/LD) and LD may help explain structural language impairment, as investigated here, but also the broader learning disabilities found in these populations. Autism Res 2020. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1947-1958. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Language impairment and learning disability affect 45% of the autistic population yet the factors that may be contributing to them is remarkably under-researched. To date there are no explanations of the lexical semantic (word meaning) abnormalities observed in ASD. We found that declarative memory is associated with lexical semantic knowledge in autism and learning disability but not in typical development. Difficulties with declarative memory may also be compensated for using visual-perceptual abilities by autistic and learning-disabled adolescents, which has positive implications for educationalists. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2282 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=433 Deficits in Free Recall Persist in Asperger’s Syndrome Despite Training in the Use of List-appropriate Learning Strategies / Brenda J. SMITH in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37-3 (March 2007)
[article]
Titre : Deficits in Free Recall Persist in Asperger’s Syndrome Despite Training in the Use of List-appropriate Learning Strategies Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Brenda J. SMITH, Auteur ; John M. GARDINER, Auteur ; Dermot M. BOWLER, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.445-454 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Asperger’s-Syndrome Memory Free-recall Task-support Relational-deficit Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Free recall in adults with Asperger’s Syndrome (AS) was compared with that in matched controls in an experiment including semantically similar, phonologically similar and unrelated word lists. Without supportive instructions, adults with AS were significantly impaired in their recall of phonologically and semantically related lists, but not unrelated lists. Even when trained to make use at study of the relations among the words, the adults with AS recalled fewer words than the control group. Participants rehearsed the study lists out loud and the rehearsal data was analysed. Despite a very slight trend for adults with AS to engage in less elaborative rehearsal and more rote rehearsal, their rehearsal did not differ significantly from that of controls. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-006-0180-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=649
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 37-3 (March 2007) . - p.445-454[article] Deficits in Free Recall Persist in Asperger’s Syndrome Despite Training in the Use of List-appropriate Learning Strategies [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Brenda J. SMITH, Auteur ; John M. GARDINER, Auteur ; Dermot M. BOWLER, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.445-454.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 37-3 (March 2007) . - p.445-454
Mots-clés : Asperger’s-Syndrome Memory Free-recall Task-support Relational-deficit Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Free recall in adults with Asperger’s Syndrome (AS) was compared with that in matched controls in an experiment including semantically similar, phonologically similar and unrelated word lists. Without supportive instructions, adults with AS were significantly impaired in their recall of phonologically and semantically related lists, but not unrelated lists. Even when trained to make use at study of the relations among the words, the adults with AS recalled fewer words than the control group. Participants rehearsed the study lists out loud and the rehearsal data was analysed. Despite a very slight trend for adults with AS to engage in less elaborative rehearsal and more rote rehearsal, their rehearsal did not differ significantly from that of controls. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-006-0180-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=649 Delayed Self-recognition in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Sophie LIND in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39-4 (April 2009)
PermalinkDifferent Verbal Learning Strategies in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Evidence from the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test / Dermot M. BOWLER in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39-6 (June 2009)
PermalinkDirected Forgetting in High-Functioning Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders / Brenda J. MEYER in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44-10 (October 2014)
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