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The perinatal androgen to estrogen ratio and autistic-like traits in the general population: a longitudinal pregnancy cohort study / E. S. JAMNADASS in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 7-1 (December 2015)
[article]
Titre : The perinatal androgen to estrogen ratio and autistic-like traits in the general population: a longitudinal pregnancy cohort study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : E. S. JAMNADASS, Auteur ; J. A. KEELAN, Auteur ; L. P. HOLLIER, Auteur ; M. HICKEY, Auteur ; M. T. MAYBERY, Auteur ; Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.17 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Androgens Autism-Spectrum Quotient Autistic-like traits Cord blood Estrogens Perinatal Sex steroids Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Prenatal androgen exposure has been hypothesized to be linked to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). While previous studies have found a link between testosterone levels in amniotic fluid and autistic-like traits, a similar relationship has not been found for testosterone in umbilical cord blood. However, it may be the net biological activity of multiple androgens and estrogens that influences postnatal effects of prenatal sex steroids. Accordingly, composite levels of androgens (A) and estrogens (E) were investigated, along with their ratio, in relation to autistic-like traits in young adulthood. METHODS: Sex steroid data in umbilical cord blood were available from 860 individuals at delivery. Samples were analyzed for androgens (testosterone, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone) and estrogens (estrone, estradiol, estriol, and estetrol). Levels of bioavailable testosterone, estradiol, and estrone were measured and used to calculate A and E composites and the A to E ratio. Participants were approached in early adulthood to complete the autism-spectrum quotient (AQ) as a self-report measure of autistic-like traits, with 183 males (M = 20.10 years, SD = 0.65 years) and 189 females (M =19.92 years, SD = 0.68 years) providing data. RESULTS: Males exhibited significantly higher androgen composites and A to E composite ratios than females. Males also scored significantly higher on the details/patterns subscale of the AQ. Subsequent categorical and continuous analyses, which accounted for covariates, revealed no substantial relationships between the A/E composites or the A to E ratio and the AQ total or subscale scores. CONCLUSIONS: The current study found no link between the A/E composites or the A to E ratio in cord blood and autistic-like traits in the population as measured by the AQ. These outcomes do not exclude the possibility that these sex steroid variables may predict other neurodevelopmental traits in early development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-015-9114-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=347
in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 7-1 (December 2015) . - p.17[article] The perinatal androgen to estrogen ratio and autistic-like traits in the general population: a longitudinal pregnancy cohort study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / E. S. JAMNADASS, Auteur ; J. A. KEELAN, Auteur ; L. P. HOLLIER, Auteur ; M. HICKEY, Auteur ; M. T. MAYBERY, Auteur ; Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur . - p.17.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 7-1 (December 2015) . - p.17
Mots-clés : Androgens Autism-Spectrum Quotient Autistic-like traits Cord blood Estrogens Perinatal Sex steroids Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Prenatal androgen exposure has been hypothesized to be linked to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). While previous studies have found a link between testosterone levels in amniotic fluid and autistic-like traits, a similar relationship has not been found for testosterone in umbilical cord blood. However, it may be the net biological activity of multiple androgens and estrogens that influences postnatal effects of prenatal sex steroids. Accordingly, composite levels of androgens (A) and estrogens (E) were investigated, along with their ratio, in relation to autistic-like traits in young adulthood. METHODS: Sex steroid data in umbilical cord blood were available from 860 individuals at delivery. Samples were analyzed for androgens (testosterone, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone) and estrogens (estrone, estradiol, estriol, and estetrol). Levels of bioavailable testosterone, estradiol, and estrone were measured and used to calculate A and E composites and the A to E ratio. Participants were approached in early adulthood to complete the autism-spectrum quotient (AQ) as a self-report measure of autistic-like traits, with 183 males (M = 20.10 years, SD = 0.65 years) and 189 females (M =19.92 years, SD = 0.68 years) providing data. RESULTS: Males exhibited significantly higher androgen composites and A to E composite ratios than females. Males also scored significantly higher on the details/patterns subscale of the AQ. Subsequent categorical and continuous analyses, which accounted for covariates, revealed no substantial relationships between the A/E composites or the A to E ratio and the AQ total or subscale scores. CONCLUSIONS: The current study found no link between the A/E composites or the A to E ratio in cord blood and autistic-like traits in the population as measured by the AQ. These outcomes do not exclude the possibility that these sex steroid variables may predict other neurodevelopmental traits in early development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-015-9114-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=347 2D:4D Ratio and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Brunei Darussalam / S. H. F. LEE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51-12 (December 2021)
[article]
Titre : 2D:4D Ratio and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Brunei Darussalam Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. H. F. LEE, Auteur ; S. A. AZIZ, Auteur ; M. HAMID, Auteur ; Y. C. LIM, Auteur ; D. KOH, Auteur ; L. L. CHAW, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.4577-4586 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology Brunei Case-Control Studies Child Child, Preschool Female Fingers Hand Humans Male Sex Characteristics 2D:4D ratio 2D:4D ratio symmetry Androgens Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) Brunei Darussalam Digit ratio Extreme male brain (EMB) Hormones Testosterone this manuscript. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Despite the global increase in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), relevant research studies are lacking in Brunei Darussalam. Various studies have shown a significant association between a lowered 2D:4D ratio (ratio of second digit/index finger to the fourth digit/ring finger) and ASD, making it one of the potential phenotypic biomarkers for early detection of autism, which is important for early intervention and management. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to explore the association between 2D:4D ratio and ASD in Brunei Darussalam, as a potential tool to complement early ASD diagnosis. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study comprising 28 ASD and 62 typically developing (TD) children in the case and control group, respectively (age range: 3-11 years old; median age: 6 years old). Median 2D:4D ratios were measured, compared and analysed between the two groups. Logistic regression models were used to explore potential associations between the median 2D:4D ratio and ASD in respective gender, for both left and right hands, independently. RESULTS: Our study shows that the median 2D:4D ratio of left hand in ASD males is significantly lower than those in TD males, after adjusting for ethnicity and age [Odds Ratio (OR)?=?0.57 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.31-0.96); p?=?0.044]. For females, there is no association of ASD with the median left hand 2D:4D ratio [OR?=?3.09 (95% CI: 0.98-19.86); p?=?0.144] or the median right hand 2D:4D ratio [OR?=?1.23 (95% CI: 0.42-3.88); p?=?0.702]. Our study also shows a significant positive correlation and/or a reduced asymmetry between the average 2D:4D ratio of left hands and right hands in ASD males (Pearson's correlation (r)?=?0.48; 95% CI: 0.076-0.75, p?=?0.023). CONCLUSIONS: There is significant association between a lowered median 2D:4D ratio of the left hand (in males only) and ASD diagnosis. Once validated in a larger sample size, a lowered median 2D:4D ratio on the left hand may be a potential tool to complement ASD diagnosis for males in our study population. There is no association between the median 2D:4D ratio (left or right hands) and ASD in females, which could be due to the small female sample size and/or the possibility of different aetiology for ASD in females. Reduced asymmetry between the average 2D:4D ratio of left and right hands observed in ASD males only (not in ASD females) also suggests the importance of considering gender-specific biomarkers for ASD diagnosis. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-04899-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=454
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-12 (December 2021) . - p.4577-4586[article] 2D:4D Ratio and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Brunei Darussalam [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. H. F. LEE, Auteur ; S. A. AZIZ, Auteur ; M. HAMID, Auteur ; Y. C. LIM, Auteur ; D. KOH, Auteur ; L. L. CHAW, Auteur . - p.4577-4586.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-12 (December 2021) . - p.4577-4586
Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology Brunei Case-Control Studies Child Child, Preschool Female Fingers Hand Humans Male Sex Characteristics 2D:4D ratio 2D:4D ratio symmetry Androgens Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) Brunei Darussalam Digit ratio Extreme male brain (EMB) Hormones Testosterone this manuscript. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Despite the global increase in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), relevant research studies are lacking in Brunei Darussalam. Various studies have shown a significant association between a lowered 2D:4D ratio (ratio of second digit/index finger to the fourth digit/ring finger) and ASD, making it one of the potential phenotypic biomarkers for early detection of autism, which is important for early intervention and management. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to explore the association between 2D:4D ratio and ASD in Brunei Darussalam, as a potential tool to complement early ASD diagnosis. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study comprising 28 ASD and 62 typically developing (TD) children in the case and control group, respectively (age range: 3-11 years old; median age: 6 years old). Median 2D:4D ratios were measured, compared and analysed between the two groups. Logistic regression models were used to explore potential associations between the median 2D:4D ratio and ASD in respective gender, for both left and right hands, independently. RESULTS: Our study shows that the median 2D:4D ratio of left hand in ASD males is significantly lower than those in TD males, after adjusting for ethnicity and age [Odds Ratio (OR)?=?0.57 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.31-0.96); p?=?0.044]. For females, there is no association of ASD with the median left hand 2D:4D ratio [OR?=?3.09 (95% CI: 0.98-19.86); p?=?0.144] or the median right hand 2D:4D ratio [OR?=?1.23 (95% CI: 0.42-3.88); p?=?0.702]. Our study also shows a significant positive correlation and/or a reduced asymmetry between the average 2D:4D ratio of left hands and right hands in ASD males (Pearson's correlation (r)?=?0.48; 95% CI: 0.076-0.75, p?=?0.023). CONCLUSIONS: There is significant association between a lowered median 2D:4D ratio of the left hand (in males only) and ASD diagnosis. Once validated in a larger sample size, a lowered median 2D:4D ratio on the left hand may be a potential tool to complement ASD diagnosis for males in our study population. There is no association between the median 2D:4D ratio (left or right hands) and ASD in females, which could be due to the small female sample size and/or the possibility of different aetiology for ASD in females. Reduced asymmetry between the average 2D:4D ratio of left and right hands observed in ASD males only (not in ASD females) also suggests the importance of considering gender-specific biomarkers for ASD diagnosis. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-04899-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=454 Commentary: Are we expecting too much from the extreme male brain theory of autism? A reflection on Kung et al. (2016) / Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-12 (December 2016)
[article]
Titre : Commentary: Are we expecting too much from the extreme male brain theory of autism? A reflection on Kung et al. (2016) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1463-1464 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders androgens testosterone language research design Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Kung et al. (2016) contribute further evidence demonstrating no clear link between prenatal androgen exposure and the autism phenotype. Do these findings represent a nail in the coffin for the extreme male brain (EMB) theory of autism, or are we simply asking too much of the hypothesis? This commentary highlights the inconsistent findings that have appeared to undermine the EMB theory, but presents an argument that the data may not present an adequate test of the hypothesis. A research agenda is then outlined – the investigation of simple behavioural traits rather than the full combination of ASD behaviours – which may provide greater clarity as to how prenatal androgen exposure relates to developmental psychopathology. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12628 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-12 (December 2016) . - p.1463-1464[article] Commentary: Are we expecting too much from the extreme male brain theory of autism? A reflection on Kung et al. (2016) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur . - p.1463-1464.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-12 (December 2016) . - p.1463-1464
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders androgens testosterone language research design Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Kung et al. (2016) contribute further evidence demonstrating no clear link between prenatal androgen exposure and the autism phenotype. Do these findings represent a nail in the coffin for the extreme male brain (EMB) theory of autism, or are we simply asking too much of the hypothesis? This commentary highlights the inconsistent findings that have appeared to undermine the EMB theory, but presents an argument that the data may not present an adequate test of the hypothesis. A research agenda is then outlined – the investigation of simple behavioural traits rather than the full combination of ASD behaviours – which may provide greater clarity as to how prenatal androgen exposure relates to developmental psychopathology. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12628 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298 No relationship between prenatal or early postnatal androgen exposure and autistic traits: evidence using anogenital distance and penile length measurements at birth and 3 months of age / Karson T. F. KUNG in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62-7 (July 2021)
[article]
Titre : No relationship between prenatal or early postnatal androgen exposure and autistic traits: evidence using anogenital distance and penile length measurements at birth and 3 months of age Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Karson T. F. KUNG, Auteur ; A. THANKAMONY, Auteur ; K. K. L. ONG, Auteur ; Carlo L. ACERINI, Auteur ; D. B. DUNGER, Auteur ; I. A. HUGHES, Auteur ; M. HINES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.876-883 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Androgens Autistic Disorder Child Female Humans Infant, Newborn Male Pregnancy Surveys and Questionnaires Anogenital distance autism autistic traits extreme male brain gender penile length Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism is more prevalent in males than in females. Hypotheses related to the extreme male brain theory of autism suggest that heightened androgen exposure during early development contributes to autistic traits. Whilst prior research focused mostly on the prenatal period, the current study tests the influences of androgen exposure during both the prenatal and the early postnatal periods on autistic traits during childhood. METHODS: Anthropometric measures that are putative biomarkers of early androgen exposure were employed. Anogenital distance (AGD) was measured at birth and 3 months of age in boys and girls. Penile length at birth and 3 months of age was also measured in boys. When the children were 9-13 years old, a parent-reported questionnaire (the 10-item children's version of the Autism Spectrum Quotient; AQ-10 Child) was used to assess autistic traits in 97 boys and 110 girls. RESULTS: There were no significant associations between any of the AGD or penile length measures and scores on the AQ-10 Child in boys, girls or the entire sample. CONCLUSIONS: The current study provides the first test of whether early measurements of AGD and/or penile length predict subsequent autistic traits. The current findings do not support a relationship between prenatal or early postnatal androgen exposure and autistic traits. The current study augments prior research showing no consistent relationship between early androgen exposure and autistic traits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13335 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=456
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-7 (July 2021) . - p.876-883[article] No relationship between prenatal or early postnatal androgen exposure and autistic traits: evidence using anogenital distance and penile length measurements at birth and 3 months of age [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Karson T. F. KUNG, Auteur ; A. THANKAMONY, Auteur ; K. K. L. ONG, Auteur ; Carlo L. ACERINI, Auteur ; D. B. DUNGER, Auteur ; I. A. HUGHES, Auteur ; M. HINES, Auteur . - p.876-883.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-7 (July 2021) . - p.876-883
Mots-clés : Androgens Autistic Disorder Child Female Humans Infant, Newborn Male Pregnancy Surveys and Questionnaires Anogenital distance autism autistic traits extreme male brain gender penile length Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism is more prevalent in males than in females. Hypotheses related to the extreme male brain theory of autism suggest that heightened androgen exposure during early development contributes to autistic traits. Whilst prior research focused mostly on the prenatal period, the current study tests the influences of androgen exposure during both the prenatal and the early postnatal periods on autistic traits during childhood. METHODS: Anthropometric measures that are putative biomarkers of early androgen exposure were employed. Anogenital distance (AGD) was measured at birth and 3 months of age in boys and girls. Penile length at birth and 3 months of age was also measured in boys. When the children were 9-13 years old, a parent-reported questionnaire (the 10-item children's version of the Autism Spectrum Quotient; AQ-10 Child) was used to assess autistic traits in 97 boys and 110 girls. RESULTS: There were no significant associations between any of the AGD or penile length measures and scores on the AQ-10 Child in boys, girls or the entire sample. CONCLUSIONS: The current study provides the first test of whether early measurements of AGD and/or penile length predict subsequent autistic traits. The current findings do not support a relationship between prenatal or early postnatal androgen exposure and autistic traits. The current study augments prior research showing no consistent relationship between early androgen exposure and autistic traits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13335 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=456